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T AGES D L HE IGITAL IBRARY HISTORY H ISTORY OF THE R EFORMATION IN THE C TIME OF ALVIN V . 2 OL by J.H. Merle d’Aubigne B o o k s F o r Th e A g e s AGES Software • Albany, OR USA Version 1.0 © 1998 2 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION IN EUROPE IN THE TIME OF CALVIN. BY J. H. MERLE D’AUBIGNE, D.D., AUTHOR OF THE ‘HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY,’ ETC. ‘Les choses de petite duree ont coutume de devenir fanees, quand elles ont passe leur temps. ‘Au regne de Christ, il n’y a que le nouvel homme qui soit florissant, qui ait de la vigueur, et dont il faille faire cas.’ CALVIN. VOLUME 2 3 CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. BOOK 2 FRANCE. FAVORABLE TIMES. CHAPTER 13 JOHN CALVIN, A STUDENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ORLEANS. (1527-1528.) Calvin’s Friend — The Students at Orleans — Pierre de l’Etoile — Opinions concerning Heretics — Calvin received in the Picard Nation — Calvin nominated Proctor — Procession for the Maille de Florence — Distinguished by the Professors — His Friends at Orleans — Daniel and his Family — Melchoir Wolmar — Calvin studies Greek with him — Benefit to the Church of God CHAPTER 14 CALVIN, TAUGHT AT ORLEANS OF GOD AND MAN, BEGINS TO PROPAGATE THE FAITH. (1528.) Wolmar teaches him about Germany — Orleans in 1022 and 1528 — Calvin’s Anguish and Humility — What made the Reformers triumph — Phases of Calvin’s Conversion — He does not invent a new Doctrine — I sacrifice my Heart to Thee — His Zeal in Study 4 — He supplies Pierre de l’Etoile’s place — Calvin sought as a Teacher — He seeks a Hiding-place for Study — Explains the Gospel in Private Families — His first Ministry CHAPTER 15 CALVIN CALLED AT BOURGES TO THE EVANGELICAL WORK. (1528-1529.) Calvin at his Father’s Bedside — His first Letter — Beza arrives at Orleans — Calvin goes to Bourges — Brilliant Lessons of Aleiati — Wolmar and Calvin at Bourges — Wolmar calls him to the Evangelical Ministry — The Priest and the Minister — Calvin’s Hesitation — He evangelizes — Preachings at Bourges — Recalled by his Father’s Death — Preachings at Bourges — Tumult CHAPTER 16 BERQUIN, THE MOST LEARNED OF THE NOBILITY, A MARTYR FOR THE GOSPEL. (1529.) Margaret’s Regret — Complaints of Erasmus — Plot of the Sorbonne against Berquin — His Indictment prepared — The Queen intercedes for him — Berquin at the Conciergerie — Discovery of the Letter — He is imprisoned in a strong Tower — Sentence — Recourse to God — Efforts of Budaeus to save him — His Earnest Appeals to Berquin — Fall and Uprising of Berquin — Margaret writes to the King — Haste of the Judges — Procession to the Stake — Berquin joyous in the presence of Death — His Last Moments — Effect on the Spectators — Murmurs, Tricks, and Indignation — Effect of his Death in France — The Martyr’s Hymn — The Reformer rises again flora his Ashes 5 CHAPTER 17 FIRST LABORS OF CALVIN AT PARIS. (1529.) Calvin turns towards a Christian Career — His old Patrons — Calvin’s Sermon and Hearers — Determines to go to Paris — Focus of Light — Coiffart’s Invitation — Professor Cop goes to see him — Visit to a Nunnery — An Excursion on horseback — Devotes himself to Theology — Speaks in the Secret Assemblies — Movement in the Quartier Latin — Writings put into circulation — Calvin endeavors to bring back Briconnet — Fills the vessels with costly Wine — Efforts to convert a young Rake — Beda attacks the King’s Professors — Calvin’s Scriptural Principles — Small Beginnings of a great Work CHAPTER 18 MARGARET’S SORROWS AND THE FESTIVITIES OF THE COURT. (1530-1531.) Margaret promotes Unity — Progress of the Reformation — Death of the Queen’s Child — Orders a Te Deum to be sung — Marriage of Francis I. and Eleanor — Crowd of learned Men — Margaret in the Desert — The Fountain Pure and Free — Fatal Illness of Louisa of Savoy — Margaret’s Care and Zeal — Magnificent but chimerical Project CHAPTER 19 DIPLOMATISTS, BACKSLIDERS, MARTYRS. (1531.) 6 Charles V. accuses the Protestants — The German Protestants to Francis I. — The gang sends an Envoy to them — The Envoy’s Imprudence and Diplomacy — Queen Margaret’s Prayer-book — Lecoq’s Sermon before the King — Sursum Corda — Lecoq’s Interview with the King — Lecoq’s Fall — Fanaticism at Toulouse — Jean de Caturce finds Christ — Twelfth-night Supper — Caturce arrested — His Degradation — He disputes with a Monk — Two Modes of Reformation CHAPTER 20 CALVIN’S SEPARATION FROM THE HIERARCHY: HIS FIRST WORK, HIS FRIENDS. (1532.) Daniel tries to bind Calvin to the Church — Calvin resists the Temptation — His Commentary on Seneca’s Clemency — His Motives — His Difficulties and Troubles — Zeal in making his Book known — Calvin’s Search for Bibles in Paris — An unfortunate Frondeur — Calvin receives him kindly — Various Attacks — The Shop of La Forge — Du Tillet and his Uncertainty — Testimony rendered to Calvin — Relations between Queen Margaret and Calvin — He refuses to enter the Queen’s Service — The Arms of the Lord CHAPTER 21 SMALKALDE AND CALAIS. (March to October 1532.) William du Bellay and his Projects — Luther opposed to War — Alliance of Smalkalde — Assemblies at Frankfort and Schweinfurt — Luther’s Opposition to Diplomacy — No Shedding of Blood — Du Bellay’s Speech — Du Bellay and the Landgrave — The 7 Wurternberg Question — Peace of Nuremberg — Great Epochs of Revival — Francis I. unites with Henry VIII. — Confidential Intercourse at Bologna — Plan to emancipate his Kingdom from the Pope — Message sent by Francis to the Pope — Christendom will separate from Rome CHAPTER 22 A CAPTIVE PRINCE ESCAPES FROM TIIE HANDS OF THE EMPEROR. (Autumn, 1532.) Alarm occasioned by this Conference — Christopher of Wurtemberg — His Adversity — The Emperor and his Court cross the Alps — Christopher’s Flight — He is sought for in vain — Claims the Restoration of Wurtemberg CHAPTER 23 THE GOSPEL PREACHED AT THE LOUVRE AND IN THE METROPOLITAN CHURCHES. (Lent 1533.) Roussel invited to preach in the Churches — His Fears — Refusal of the Sorbonne — reachings at the Louvre — Crowded Congregations — Effects of these Preachings — Margaret again desires to open the Churches — Courault and Berthaud preach in them — Essence of Evangelical Preaching — Its Effects — Agitation of the Sorbonne — They will not listen — Picard, the Firebrand — Sedition of Beda and the Monks — The People agitated — God holds the Tempests in his Hand 8 CHAPTER 24 DEFEAT OF THE ROMISH PARTY IN PARIS, AND MOMENTARY TRIUMPH OF THE GOSPEL. (1533.) The Chiefs of the two Parties imprisoned — Beda traverses Paris on his Mule — Indignation of the King — He insults the Deputies of the Sorbonne — Duprat imprisons Picard — Priests and Doctors summoned — Francis resolves to prosecute the Papists — Condemnation of the three Chiefs — Is the Cause of Rome lost? — Grief and Joy — Illusions of the Friends of the Reform — A Student from Strasburg — The four Doctors taken away by the Police — Belief that the Reform has come — The Students’ Satire — Their Jokes upon Cornu — Appeal of the Sorbonne — Fresh Placards — Progress of the Reform — If God be for us, who can be against us? — Agitation — Siderander at the Gate of the Sorbonne — Desires to speak to Budaeus — Fresh Attacks prepared CHAPTER 25 CONFERENCE OF BOLOGNA. THE COUNCIL AND CATHERINE DE MEDICI. (Winter, 1532-1533.) The Parties face to face — The Emperor demands a Council — Reasons of the Pope against it — Moral Inertia of the Papacy — The Pope’s Stratagems — Italian League — Tournon and Gramont arrive — They try to win over the Pope — A great but sad Affair — Catherine de Medici — Offer and Demand of Francis I. — The Pope’s Joy — Thoughts of Henry VIII. on the proposed Marriage-Advantages to be derived from it 9 CHAPTER 26 INTRIGUES OF CHARLES V., FRANCIS I., AND CLEMENT VII. AROUND CATHERINE. (Winter, 1532-1533.) Doubts insinuated by Charles V. — Let the Full Powers be demanded — The King’s Hesitation — The Full Powers arrive — The Emperor’s new Maneuvers — His Vexation — Charles V. demands a General Council — Francis I. proposes a Lay Council —Importance of that Document — True Evangelical Councils — Charles condemns and Francis justifies — Secularization of the Popedom — The Pope signs the Italian League — Cardinals’ Hats demanded — Vexation of Charles V. — Projected Interview between the King and the Pope — The Marriage will take place CHAPTER 27 STORM AGAINST THE QUEEN OF NAVARRE AND HER MIRROR OF THE SOUL. (Summer, 1533.) Uneasiness and Terror of the Ultramontanes — Plot against the Queen of Navarre — The Mirror of the Sinful Soul — Beda discovers Heresy in it — Denounces it to the Sorbonne — Assurance of Salvation — The Queen attacked from the Pulpits — Errors of Monasticism — The Tales of the Queen of Navarre — Search after and Seizure of the Mirror — Rage of the Monks against the Queen — Margaret’s Gentleness — Comedy acted at the College of Navarre — The Fury Megaera — Transformation of the Queen — Montmorency tries to ruin her — Christians made a show 10 CHAPTER 28 TRIUMPH OF THE QUEEN OF NAVARRE. (Autumn, 1533.) Montmorency — The Prior of Issoudun — The Police at the College — Arrest of the Principal and the Actor — Judgment of the Sorbonne denounced to the Rector — Speech of Rector Cop — The Sorbonne disavows the Act — Le Clerq’s Speech — The University apologizes — Reform Movement in France — Men of Mark — New Attacks CHAPTER 29 CATHERINE DE MEDICI GIVEN TO FRANCE. (October, 1533.) The Marriage announced to the Cardinals — Stratagems of the Imperialists to prevent it — The Swiss — The Moors — The Pope determines to go — Catherine in the Ships of France — The Pope sails for France — Various Feelings — The Pope’s Arrival at Marseilles — Nocturnal Visit of the King to the Pope — Embarrassment of the First President — Conferences between the King and the Pope — The Bull against the Heretics — The Wedding — Catherine’s Joy — What Catherine brings — The Pope’s Health declines — The Modern Janus CHAPTER 30 ADDRESS OF THE RECTOR TO THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS. (November, 1533.) Calvin and Cop share the Work — Inaugural Sitting of the University in 1533 — Calvin’s Address — The Will of God is