History of the International: Volume 3, 1943-1968

625 Pages·2019·19.502 MB·English

by  Julius Braunthal, Peter Ford, Kenneth Mitchell

VOLUME 3
HISTORY OF THE
INTERNATIONAL
1943-1968

VOLUME 3
HISTORY OF THE
INTERNATIONAL
1943-1968
Julius Braunthal
Translated by Peter Ford
and Kenneth Mitchell
Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 1980 by Westview Press, Inc.
Published 2018 by Routledge
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Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 67-17667
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-01830-6 (hbk)
Contents
Foreword ix
Preface xi
PART ONE: The Destiny of Socialism 1
Introduction 1
1 The British Labour Initiative 5
2 Socialists and Communists in France 15
3 Unity and Division in the Italian Socialist Movement 45
4 The Problem of Unification in the German Labour Movement 68
5 The Origins of the ‘Cold War’ 92
PART TWO: The Reopening of the Split 133
6 The Revival of the International 133
7 The Founding of the Cominform 144
8 The Reconstitution of the Socialist International 182
PART THREE: Socialism and Communism in Asia 213
9 Oriental Key Positions in the World Revolution 213
10 Bolshevism and Social Democracy in India 219
11 Hindu and Buddhist Socialism 242
12 Socialist and Communist Movements in Buddhist Countries 256
1. Burma 256
2. Ceylon 270
3. Nepal 278
13 Islamic Socialism and Marxism in Indonesia 283
14 Socialism and Communism in Japan 311
15 The Chinese Revolution 342
16 Socialism in Israel 349
17 The Asian Socialist Conference 366
vi Contents
PART FOUR: The Moral Crisis of Communism 375
18 Yugoslavia’s Revolt against Moscow’s Hegemony 375
19 The Insurrection in East Berlin 392
20 The Dethronement of Stalin 396
21 Poland’s October 404
22 The Tragedy of the Hungarian Revolution 412
23 ‘The Spring of Prague’ 429
24 Peking’s Break with Moscow 475
PART FIVE: The First Hundred Years 491
25 Destiny of a Vision 491
Appendix One: Socialism as a World Movement: an attempt at a
numerical assessment 521
Appendix Two: Aims and Tasks of Democratic Socialism 531
Appendix Three: Statement on Socialism and Religion 537
Appendix Four: Socialist Policy for the Underdeveloped Terri-
tories 538
Appendix Five: Principles and Objectives of Socialism in Asia 543
Appendix Six: Declaration on Colonialism 548
Appendix Seven: Manifesto of the Cominform 549
Appendix Eight: Declaration of the Extraordinary Fourteenth
Congress of the Czechoslovak Communist Party 551
Appendix Nine: The World Today: The Socialist Perspective 552
Appendix Ten: Table of Presidents and Secretaries and Table of
Congresses and Conferences 560
Bibliography 565
List of Abbreviations 587
Name Index 590
Subject Index 596
List of Plates
facing page
1 First Congress of the Socialist International in Frankfurt,
July 1951 208
2 Congress of the Socialist International in Milan, October 1952 209
3 Congress of the Socialist International in London, July 1955 241
4 Congress of the Socialist International in Vienna, July 1957 241
5 The Chair at the Asian Socialist Conference 304
6 Congress of the Asian Socialist Conference in Bombay 305
7 Head of Stalin’s statue in Budapest, pulled down in
October 1956 336
8 Soviet tanks in Prague, August 1968 336

Foreword
As this book is a work of contemporary or on-going history, a few words
must be said here about the time-gap between its completion and its appear-
ance in print.
The third and final volume of Julius BraunthaPs History of the Inter-
national was completed by him in February 1971. By May it had appeared
in German, published by Verlag J. H. W. Dietz Nachf. GmbH., Hanover,
and preparations for producing the English edition were well under way. It
was originally planned for publication in the winter of 1972. However, Julius
Braunthal died on 28 April that year, a week before his eighty-first birthday.
A number of difficulties and delays cropped up, the translated typescript was
mislaid, the Appendices were lost; it even seemed for a period of years as if
the third volume was destined never to see the light of day. Nevertheless,
Julius’s wife Tini (who died in 1975), we, his sons, his nephew, Gerard
Braunthal, as well as many friends, felt it essential that the final volume of this
great work should become available in English and patiently strove to this
end. Its publication, after this long delay, is for us a source of deep satisfaction,
and we should like to express our gratitude for the encouragement and support
we received in particular from Livia Gollancz and John Bush of Victor
Gollancz Ltd and from Peter Marold of Verlag J. H. W. Dietz Nachf. GmbH.
The delay, however, posed a certain dilemma: should intervening events
be taken into account? The book, for instance, contains detailed tables in the
Appendices; they provide lists of congresses of the Socialist International,
and of its leaders and officials up to 1969, and, in particular, figures for the
state of Socialist and Communist parties for 1969-70 and of Socialist parties
in power. These have patently and considerably changed over the years and,
in revising the original typescript of Mr Peter Ford’s translation, the question
arose whether or not efforts should be made to bring it up to date at least in
some respects.
Finally, on the advice of Mr J. R. van der Leeuw, Director of the Inter-
national Institute for Social History in Amsterdam, we decided against
incorporating changes; there have been too many of them to do them
justice marginally. The only concession we made to the passing of time was