History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity. AD 311-600.

661 Pages·2006·3.01 MB·English

by  Philip Schaff

History of the Christian Church, Volume III:
Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity. A.D.
311-600.
by
Philip Schaff
About History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Post-Nicene
Christianity. A.D. 311-600. by Philip Schaff
Title: History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Post-Nicene
Christianity. A.D. 311-600.
URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc3.html
Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893)
Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian CLassics Ethereal Library
First Published: 1882
Print Basis: Fifth edition, revised
Source: Electronic Bible Society
Date Created: 2002-11-27
Contributor(s): whp (Transcriber)
Wendy Huang (Markup)
CCEL Subjects: All; History;
LC Call no: BR145.S3
LC Subjects: Christianity
History
History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Philip Schaff
Post-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 311-600.
Table of Contents
About This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. ii
Title Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 1
Preface to the Third Revision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 2
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 3
Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 4
Later Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 5
Introduction and General View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 6
Downfall of Heathenism and Victory of Christianity in the Roman
Empire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 9
Constantine The Great. a.d. 306-337. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 10
The Sons of Constantine. a.d. 337-361. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 25
Julian the Apostate, and the Reaction of Paganism. a.d. 361-363. . . . . p. 26
From Jovian to Theodosius. a.d. 363-392. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 37
Theodosius the Great and his Successors. a.d. 392-550. . . . . . . . . . p. 40
The Downfall of Heathenism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 42
The Literary Triumph of Christianity over Greek and Roman
Heathenism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 44
Heathen Polemics. New Objections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 44
Julian's Attack upon Christianity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 46
The Heathen Apologetic Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 49
Christian Apologists and Polemics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 50
Augustine's City of God. Salvianus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 52
Alliance of Church and State and Its Influence on Public Morals and
Religion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 54
The New Position of the Church in the Empire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 55
Rights and Privileges of the Church. Secular Advantages. . . . . . . . . p. 58
Support of the Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 60
Episcopal Jurisdiction and Intercession. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 62
Legal Sanction of Sunday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 63
Influence of Christianity on Civil Legislation. The Justinian Code. . . . . p. 64
Elevation of Woman and the Family. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 67
Social Reforms. The Institution of Slavery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 69
Abolition of Gladiatorial Shows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 74
Evils of the Union of Church and State. Secularization of the
Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 75
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Worldliness and Extravagance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 76
Byzantine Court Christianity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 77
Intrusion of Politics into Religion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 78
The Emperor-Papacy and the Hierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 80
Restriction of Religious Freedom, and Beginnings of Persecution of
Heretics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 83
The Rise and Progress of Monasticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 87
Origin of Christian Monasticism. Comparison with other forms of
Asceticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 88
Development of Monasticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 92
Nature and Aim of Monasticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 94
Monasticism and the Bible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 96
Lights and Shades of Monastic Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 97
Position of Monks in the Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 103
Influence and Effect of Monasticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 103
Paul of Thebes and St. Anthony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 106
Spread of Anchoretism. Hilarion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 112
St. Symeon and the Pillar Saints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 113
Pachomius and the Cloister life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 116
Fanatical and Heretical Monastic Societies in The East. . . . . . . . . . . p. 118
Monasticism in the West. Athanasius, Ambrose, Augustine, Martin of
Tours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 119
St. Jerome as a Monk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 122
St. Paula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 127
Benedict of Nursia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 129
The Rule of St. Benedict. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 130
The Benedictines. Cassiodorus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 133
Opposition to Monasticism. Jovinian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 134
Helvidius, Vigilantius, and Aerius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 137
The Hierarchy and Polity of the Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 139
Schools of the Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 139
Clergy and Laity. Elections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 142
Marriage and Celibacy of the Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 144
Moral Character of the Clergy in general. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 149
The Lower Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 153
The Bishops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 156
Organization of the Hierarchy: Country Bishop, City Bishops, and
Metropolitans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 158
The Patriarchs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 161
Synodical Legislation on the Patriarchal Power and Jurisdiction. . . . . p. 163
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The Rival Patriarchs of Old and New Rome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 168
The Latin Patriarch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 171
Conflicts and Conquests of the Latin Patriarchate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 173
The Papacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 177
Opinions of the Fathers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 179
The Decrees of Councils on the Papal Authority. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 183
Leo the Great. a.d. 440-461. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 186
The Papacy from Leo I to Gregory I. a.d. 461-590. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 190
The Synodical System. The Ecumenical Councils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 194
List of the Ecumenical Councils of the Ancient Church. . . . . . . . . . . p. 205
Books of Ecclesiastical Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 208
Church Discipline and Schisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 209
Decline of Discipline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 209
The Donatist Schism. External History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 212
Augustine and the Donatists. Their Persecution and Extinction. . . . . . p. 214
Internal History of the Donatist Schism. Dogma of the Church. . . . . . p. 214
The Roman Schism of Damasus and Ursinus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 218
The Meletian Schism at Antioch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 219
Public Worship and Religious Customs and Ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . p. 220
The Revolution in Cultus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 220
The Civil and Religious Sunday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 222
The Church Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 226
The Christmas Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 231
The Easter Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 235
The Time of the Easter Festival. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 237
The Cycle of Pentecost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 239
The Exaltation of the Virgin Mariology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 240
Mariolatry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 247
The Festivals of Mary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 249
The Worship of Martyrs and Saints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 251
Festivals of the Saints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 260
The Christian Calendar. The Legends of the Saints. The Acta
Sanctorum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 261
Worship of Relics. Dogma of the Resurrection. Miracles of Relics. . . . . p. 263
Observations on the Miracles of the Nicene Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 270
Processions and Pilgrimages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 273
Public Worship of the Lord's Day. Scripture-Reading and Preaching. . . p. 275
The Sacraments in General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 278
Baptism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 282
Confirmation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 286
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Ordination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 287
The Sacrament of the Eucharist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 288
The Sacrifice of the Eucharist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 295
The Celebration of the Eucharist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 301
The Liturgies. Their Origin and Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 304
The Oriental Liturgies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 310
The Occidental Liturgies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 313
Liturgical Vestments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 315
Christian Art. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 317
Religion and Art. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 317
Church Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 318
The Consecration of Churches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 320
Interior Arrangement of Churches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 321
Architectural Style. The Basilicas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 325
The Byzantine Style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 327
Baptisteries, Grave-Chapels, and Crypts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 329
Crosses and Crucifixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 330
Images of Christ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 331
Images of Madonna and Saints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 336
Consecrated Gifts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 338
Church Poetry and Music. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 339
The Poetry of the Oriental Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 341
The Latin Hymn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 345
The Latin Poets and Hymns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 348
Theological Controversies, and Development of the Ecumenical
Orthodoxy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 357
General Observations. Doctrinal Importance of the Period. Influence of
the Ancient Philosophy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 357
Sources of Theology. Scripture and Tradition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 360
The Arian Controversy down to the Council of Nicaea, 318-325. . . . . p. 366
The Council of Nicaea, 325. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 370
The Arian and Semi-Arian Reaction, a.d. 325-361. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 376
The Final Victory of Orthodoxy, and the Council of Constantinople,
381. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 379
The Theological Principles involved: Import of the Controversy. . . . . . p. 381
Arianism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 383
Semi-Arianism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 386
Revived Sabellianism. Marcellus and Photinus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 387
The Nicene Doctrine of the Consubstantiality of the Son with the
Father. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 388
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The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 394
The Nicene and Constantinopolitan Creed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 396
The Nicene, Doctrine of the Trinity. The Trinitarian Terminology. . . . . p. 398
The Post-Nicene Trinitarian Doctrine of Augustine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 406
The Athanasian Creed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 409
The Orgenistic Controversy in Palestine. Epiphanius, Rufinus, and
Jerome, a.d. 394-399. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 414
The Origenistic Controversy in Egypt and Constantinople. Theophilus
and Chrysostom a.d. 399-407. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 416
General View. Alexandrian and Antiochian Schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 418
The Apollinarian Heresy, a.d. 362-381. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 420
The Nestorian Controversy, a.d. 428-431. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 424
The Ecumenical Council of Ephesus, a.d. 431. The Compromise. . . . . p. 429
The Nestorians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 433
The Eutychian Controversy. The Council of Robbers, a.d. 449. . . . . . p. 435
The Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, A.D. 451. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 439
The Orthodox Christology--Analysis and Criticism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 444
The Monophysite Controversies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 452
The Three, Chapters, and the Fifth Ecumenical Council, A.D. 553. . . . . p. 455
The Monophysite Sects: Jacobites, Copts, Abyssinians, Armenians,
Maronites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 458
Character of the Pelagian Controversy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 464
External History of the Pelagian Controversy, A.D. 411-431. . . . . . . . p. 468
The Pelagian Controversy in Palestine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 470
Position of the Roman Church. Condemnation of Pelagianism. . . . . . p. 472
The Pelagian System: Primitive State and Freedom of Man; the
Fall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 475
The Pelagian System Continued: Doctrine, of Human Ability and Divine
Grace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 479
The Augustinian System: The Primitive State of Man, and Free Will. . . p. 483
The Augustinian System: The Fall and its Consequences. . . . . . . . . p. 487
The Augustinian System: Original Sin, and the Origin of the Human
Soul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 490
Arguments for the Doctrine of Original Sin and Hereditary Guilt. . . . . p. 493
Answers to Pelagian Objections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 495
Augustine's Doctrine of Redeeming Grace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 499
The Doctrine of Predestination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 503
Semi-Pelagianism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 506
Victory of Semi-Augustinianism. Council of Orange, A.D. 529. . . . . . . p. 512
Church Fathers, and Theological Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 515
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Eusebius of Caesarea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 515
The Church Historians after Eusebius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 520
Athanasius the Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 523
Basil the Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 528
Gregory of Nyssa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 533
Gregory Nazianzen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 536
Didymus of Alexandria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 544
Cyril of Jerusalem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 545
Epiphanius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 547
John Chrysostom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 551
Cyril of Alexandria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 557
Ephraem the Syrian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 561
Lactantius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 564
Hilary of Poitiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 566
Ambrose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 568
Jerome as a Divine and Scholar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 571
The Works of Jerome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 574
Augustine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 583
The Works of Augustine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 592
The Influence of Augustine upon Posterity and his Relation to Catholicism
and Protestantism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 599
Appendix to the Revised Edition, 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 607
Addenda Et Corrigenda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 607
Addenda to the Fifth Edition. 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 616
Appendix to the Revised Edition, 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 617
Addenda Et Corrigenda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 617
Indexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 619
Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 619
Index of Scripture References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 620
Index of Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 623
Greek Words and Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 624
Hebrew Words and Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 649
German Words and Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 650
French Words and Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 652
viii
History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Philip Schaff
Post-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 311-600.
HISTORY
of the
CHRISTIAN CHURCH1
by
PHILIP SCHAFF
Christianus sum.        Christiani nihil a me alienum puto
VOLUME III
NICENE AND POST-NICENE CHRISTIANITY
From Constantine the Great to Gregory the Great
a.d. 311–600.
This is a reproduction of the Fifth Edition, Revised
1 Schaff, Philip, History of the Christian Church, (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1997. The material
has been carefully compared and corrected according to the Eerdmans reproduction of the 1910 edition by Charles Scribner’s
sons, with emendations by The Electronic Bible Society, Dallas, TX, 1998.
History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Philip Schaff
Post-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 311-600.
PREFACE TO THE THIRD REVISION
This third volume covers the eventful period of Christian emperors, patriarchs, and ecumenical
Councils, from Constantine the Great to Gregory the Great. It completes the History of Ancient
Christianity, which is the common inheritance of Greek, Latin, and Evangelical Christendom.
The first edition was published in 1867, and has not undergone any important changes. But
in the revision of 1884 the more recent literature was added in an Appendix.
In this edition the Appendix has been revised and enriched with the latest literature. A few
changes have also been made in the text to conform it to the present state of research (e.g., pp. 29,
353, 688, 689).
The Author.
New York, July, 1889.
2