History of the Arabic Written Tradition

638 Pages·2017·7.71 MB·English

by  Carl Brockelmann

History of the Arabic Written Tradition
Volume 2
Handbook of Oriental Studies
Handbuch der Orientalistik
section one
The Near and Middle East
Edited by
Maribel Fierro (Madrid)
M. Şükrü Hanioğlu (Princeton)
Renata Holod (University of Pennsylvania)
Florian Schwarz (Vienna)
VOLUME 117/2
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ho1
History of the Arabic
Written Tradition
Volume 2
By
Carl Brockelmann
Translated by
Joep Lameer
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Originally published as Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur in 1898 and 1902.
Subsequent editions by Brill between 1937 and 1943, and in 1996.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Brockelmann, Carl, 1868–1956, author. | Lameer, Joep, translator. |
 Witkam, J. J., writer of preface.
Title: History of the Arabic written tradition / by Carl Brockelmann ;
 translated by Joep Lameer ; with a preface by Jan Just Witkam.
Other titles: Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. English | Handbook of
 Oriental studies. Section one, Near and Middle East (2014) ; vol. 117.
Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2016. | Series: Handbook of Oriental
 studies. Section one, The Near and Middle East ; volume 117 | Originally
 published as Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur in 1898 and 1902 —
 Title page verso of volume 1. | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016032425 (print) | LCCN 2016041105 (ebook) | ISBN
 9789004323308 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9789004326262 (E-book) | ISBN
 9789004323308 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004326316 (hardback) | ISBN
 9789004334618 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004335806 (hardback) | ISBN
 9789004335813 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Arabic literature—History and criticism.
Classification: LCC Pj7510 .B713 2016 (print) | LCC PJ7510 (ebook) | DDC
 892.7/09—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016032425
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
issn 0169-9423
isbn 978-90-04-32631-6 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-32632-3 (e-book)
Copyright 2017 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and
Hotei Publishing.
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Contents
Third Book
The Decline of Islamic Literature
First Section  From Mongol Rule Until the Conquest of Egypt by Sultan
Selīm I in the Year 1517 3
Introduction 3
Chapter 1. Egypt and Syria 6
1 Poetry and Rhymed Prose 7
2 Philology 21
3 Historiography 30
A Individual Biographies 30
B Collective Biographical Works 33
C Local and National History 38
D Universal History 46
4 Popular Literature in Prose, Anthologies, and Folk Tales 56
5 Ḥadīth 63
A ʿIlm al-ḥadīth wa-ʿilm al-rijāl 63
B Biographies of the Prophet 71
C Collections of Ḥadīth and Edifying Works 74
6 Fiqh 79
A The Ḥanafīs 79
B The Mālikīs 86
C The Shāfiʿīs 88
D The Ḥanbalīs 106
E The Shīʿa 111
7 Sciences of the Qurʾān 112
8 Dogmatics and uṣūl al-dīn 119
9 Mysticism 121
10 Mathematics 131
11 Astronomy 133
12 Geography and Cosmography 138
13 Politics and Public Administration 142
14 Militaria, Hunting, and Agriculture 144
15 Medicine and Veterinary Science 146
16 Zoology 148
17 Music 149
vi Contents
18 Occult Sciences 149
19 Encyclopaedias and Polyhistors 150
I Fann al-tafsīr wa-taʿalluqātuhu wal-qirāʾāt 155
II Fann al-ḥadīth wa-taʿalluqātuhu 157
III Fann al-fiqh wa-taʿalluqātuhu 165
IV al-Ajzāʾ al-mufrada fī masāʾil makhṣūṣa ʿalā tartīb
al-abwāb 166
V Fann al-ʿarabiyya wa-taʿalluqātuhu 169
VI Fann al-uṣūl wal-bayān wal-taṣawwuf 170
VII Fann al-taʾrīkh wal-adab 171
Chapter 2. Iraq and al-Jazīra 174
1 Poetry and Rhymed Prose 174
2 Philology 176
3 Historiography 176
4 Ḥadīth 177
5 Fiqh 178
A The Ḥanafīs 178
B The Mālikīs 178
C The Shāfiʿīs 178
D The Ḥanbalīs 179
E The Shīʿa 180
6 Sciences of the Qurʾān 182
7 Dogmatics 183
8 Mysticism 183
9 Mathematics 184
10 Astronomy 186
11 Music 187
12 Medicine 187
Chapter 3. North Arabia 188
1 Poetry and Rhymed Prose 188
2 Historiography 188
3 Ḥadīth 192
4 Fiqh 193
A The Ḥanafīs 193
B The Mālikīs 193
5 Sciences of the Qurʾān 193
6 Mysticism 194
7 Mathematics 196
8 Geography 196
Contents vii
Chapter 4. South Arabia 198
1 Poetry 198
2 Philology 199
3 Historiography 201
4 Fiqh 203
A The Ḥanafīs 203
B The Shāfiʿīs 203
C Sayyid Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī b. al-Murtaḍā b.
al-Mufaḍḍal b. al-Hādī b. al-Wazīr 203
D The Zaydīs 204
5 Sciences of the Qurʾān 207
6 Mysticism 208
7 Medicine 208
8 Horse Breeding 209
9 Occult Sciences 209
10 Encyclopaedias 209
Chapter 5. Iran and Tūrān 211
1 Poetry and Rhymed Prose 211
2 Philology 212
3 Historiography 215
4 Ḥadīth 215
5 Fiqh 216
A The Ḥanafīs 216
B The Shāfiʿīs 220
C The Shīʿa 220
6 Sciences of the Qurʾān 221
7 Dogmatics 226
8 Mysticism 226
9 Philosophy 231
10 Politics 235
11 Mathematics 236
12 Astronomy 237
13 Medicine 239
14 Encyclopaedias and Polyhistors 239
Chapter 6. India 247
1 Philology 247
2 Historiography 247
3 Fiqh, Ḥanafī 247
viii Contents
4 Qurʾānic Exegesis 248
5 Mysticism 248
Chapter 7. The Turks of Rūm and the Ottoman Empire 250
1 Philology 250
2 Historiography 251
3 Fiqh, Ḥanafī 252
4 Sciences of the Qurʾān 255
5 Dogmatics 257
6 Mysticism 259
7 Medicine 262
7a Mathematics and Astronomy 262
8 Occult Sciences 263
9 Encyclopaedias and Polyhistors 263
Chapter 8. North Africa 266
1 Poetry 266
2 Philology 267
3 Historiography 269
A Local History 269
B History of the Ibāḍīs 270
C Histories of Dynasties 270
D Universal History 272
4 Ḥadīth 274
5 Fiqh, Mālikī 275
6 Sciences of the Qurʾān 277
7 Dogmatics 279
8 Mysticism 283
9 Politics 286
10 Mathematics 287
11 Astronomy 288
12 Travelogues 288
13 Medicine 289
14 Music 289
15 Alchemy and Occult Sciences 290
16 Eroticism 290
Contents ix
Chapter 9. Spain 291
1 Poetry and Belles Lettres 291
2 Philology 292
3 Historiography 292
4 Fiqh, Mālikī 295
5 Sciences of the Qurʾān 296
6 Mysticism 297
7 Politics 297
8 Mathematics and Astronomy 297
9 Travelogues and Geographies 298
10 Medicine 299
11 Sports 299
Second Section  From the Conquest of Egypt by Sultan Selīm I in 1517 to
the Napoleonic Expedition to Egypt in 1798 301
Introduction 301
Chapter 1. Egypt and Syria 303
1 Poetry and Rhymed Prose 304
2 Philology 320
3 Historiography 325
A Individual Biographies 325
B Collective Biographical Works 326
C Local and National History 331
D Chronicles 335
E Universal History 337
4 Popular Works and Anthologies 339
5 Ḥadīth 341
6 Fiqh 349
A The Ḥanafīs 349
B The Mālikīs 359
C The Shāfiʿīs 363
D The Ḥanbalīs 371
E The Shīʿa 372
7 Sciences of the Qurʾān 374
8 Dogmatics 379
9 Mysticism 383
10 Homilies and Paraenesis 409
11 Philosophy 410
12 Politics 410
x Contents
13 Mathematics 411
14 Astronomy 411
15 Travelogues and Geographies 415
16 Hunting and Militaria 419
17 Music 419
18 Medicine 419
19 Occult Sciences 422
20 Encyclopaedias and Polyhistors 423
Chapter 2. Al-Jazīra, Iraq, and Bahrain 430
1 Poetry 430
2 Philology 431
3 Historiography 431
4 Fiqh 433
A The Ḥanafīs 433
B The Shāfiʿīs 433
C The Shīʿa 433
5 Sciences of the Qurʾān 434
6 Dogmatics 435
7 Mysticism 435
7a Philosophy 436
8 Travelogues 436
Chapter 3. North Arabia 437
1 Poetry 437
2 Philology 439
3 Historiography 440
4 Ḥadīth 443
5 Fiqh 447
A The Ḥanafīs 447
B The Mālikīs 447
C The Shāfiʿīs 448
D Ḥanbalīs and Wahhābīs 451
6 Sciences of the Qurʾān 451
7 Dogmatics 451
8 Mysticism 452
9 Philosophy 454
10 Mathematics 454
11 Astronomy 454
12 Travelogues and Geographies 455
13 Encyclopaedias and Polyhistors 455