Table Of Content

HlSTOKr^QF PHIL(iSOli# - ! fMi: WILLIAM TUi f'PRj I iNER • :V.- U- « GINN »^<^ dOMPAJ^Tx '.>,^:=;^i^r S M.a^^ n(. ^ 11^^ BTOURONKER10»9.HTI8S5T9ORcY.1OF PHILOSOPHY 3 T1S3 DOQSTTOS 5 History of Philosophy BY WILLIAM TURNER, S.T.D. Boston, U.S.A., and London GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS C!)e Sttbetiseatn press Entered at Stationers' Hall Copyright, 1903 By WILLIAM TURNER AM, RIGHTS RESERVED 24.9 PREFACE The purpose of the writer in compiling this text-book has been so to set forth the succession of schools and systems of philosophy as to accord to Scholasticism a presentation in some degree adequate to its importance in the history of speculative thought. Of the text-books that are at present available for use in the lecture room, some dismiss the Scholastic period with a paragraph ; others, while dealing with it more sympathetically, treat it from the point of view of German transcendentalism. The result is that even works which succeed in doing justice to the schoolmen are practically useless to students who are more familiar with the terminology of Scholasticism than with that of Hegelianism. The scope of the work has determined not only the general arrangement of the volume, but also the selection of material and of bibliographical references. Under the title " Sources," the student will find mention of the most recent publications and of one or two standard works which have been selected as being most easy of access. Bibliography is rapidly becoming a dis- tinct branch of study in the different departments of philosophy. Dr. Rand's Bibliography ofPhilosophy, which is to be published as the third volume of Baldwin's Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, willdoubtless meet thedemandas faras completeness is concerned, and will render unnecessary the attempt to furnish PREFACE iv complete lists of sources in a text-book such as this is intended to be. It is, therefore, with a view to inculcate a proper idea of historical method rather than to supply a complete bibliography that a paragraph entitled " Sources" is prefixed to each chapter. Similarly, it is for the purpose of impressing on the student the importance of estimating the value of systems and schools of philosophy that, at the end of each chapter, suggestions for criticism are offered under the title "Historical Position." No one is more keenly alive than the author himself to the absurdity of regarding such criticisms as possessing more than a rela- tive value. If they sometimes convey to the reader a sense of intended finality, allowance will perhaps be made for the impos- sibility of finding, within the limits of a text-book, space for a more ample discussion of questions which are far from being finally and incontrovertibly settled. The plan of the work precludes much claim to originality. Use has been made of primary sources wherever it was possible to do so. In dealing with Scholastic philosophy, especially, recourse has been had to the works of the schoolmen, experience having abundantly shown the danger of relying on secondary authorities for this period. The frequent mention, both in the text and in the notes, of Zeller's PJiilosopJiie der Griechen, of Stockl's LeJirbiich dcr Geschichte der PJiilosophie, of the Geschichte dcr PJiilosophie des Mittelalters by the same author, of De Wulf's Histoire de la philosophic medicvalc, of Gonzalez' Historiade lafilosofia, and of Falckenberg's and Hoffding's his- tories of modern philosophy, indicates the principal secondary sources which have been used, but does not represent the full extent of the writer's indebtedness to those works. In revising the manuscript and in reading the proofs use has been made of the Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology edited by Professor M. Baldwin. J.