History of Modern Latin America: 1800 to the Present PDF
Preview History of Modern Latin America: 1800 to the Present
A HI S TORY OF MODERN LATIN AMERICA 1800 TO THE PRE SENT Second Edit ion TERE SA A. ME ADE A History of Modern Latin America ConciseHistoryof theModernWorld Covering the major regions of the world, each history in this series provides a vigor- ousinterpretationof itsregion’spastinthemodernage.Informedbythelatestschol- arship,butassumingnopriorknowledge,eachauthorpresentsdevelopmentswithina clearanalyticframework.Unusually,thehistoriesacknowledgethelimitationsof their owngeneralizations.Authorsareencouragedtobalanceperspectivesfromthebroad historicallandscapewithdiscussionof particularfeaturesof thepastthatmayormay notconformtothelargerimpression.Theaimistoprovidealivelyexplanationof the transformationsof themodernperiodandtheinterplaybetweenlong-termchangeand “definingmoments”of history. Published AHistoryof ModernLatinAmerica:1800tothePresent,SecondEdition TeresaA.Meade AHistoryof ModernAfrica,SecondEdition RichardJ.Reid AHistoryof ModernEurope AlbertS.Lindemann A History of Modern Latin America 1800 to the Present SECONDEDITION Teresa A. Meade Thissecondeditionfirstpublished2016 ©2016JohnWiley&Sons,Inc. EditionHistory:BlackwellPublishingLtd,(1e,2010) RegisteredOffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK EditorialOffices 350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5020,USA 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservices,andforinformationabouthowtoapplyfor permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. TherightofTeresaA.Meadetobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordance withtheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise, exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionof thepublisher. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmay notbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrand namesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregistered trademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendor mentionedinthisbook. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsin preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor completenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesof merchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnot engagedinrenderingprofessionalservicesandneitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefor damagesarisingherefrom.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofa competentprofessionalshouldbesought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Meade,TeresaA.,1948-author. AhistoryofmodernLatinAmerica:1800tothepresent/TeresaA.Meade.–Secondedition. pagescm–(Concisehistoryofthemodernworld) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-118-77248-5(pbk.) 1.LatinAmerica–History–19thcentury. 2.LatinAmerica–History–20thcentury. 3.Latin America–History–21stcentury. I.Title. II.Series:Concisehistoryofthemodernworld. F1410.M4332015 980′.02–dc23 2015021570 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Coverimage:MercadodeNochebyMarianoGonzalezChavajay,Tz´utuhilMayanartist,Guatemala,1997. Photocopyright©1998ArteMayaTz´utuhil. Setin10/13ptPhotinabyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2016 Forthebestsisterever MarthaG.Meade(1957–2012) Contents PrefacetotheSecondEdition xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1 IntroductiontotheLandandItsPeople 1 Geography 2 People 2 Economies 7 Politics 8 CultureandEntertainment 13 LatinAmerica:PastandPresent 22 TopicsandQuestionsforDiscussion 23 2 LatinAmericain1790 24 ColonialBackground 25 PowerandPrivilege 29 Wealth 30 ColonialAdministration 34 EnlightenedMonarchy 36 TheAgentsof theReform 37 DisorderandRebellion 39 DiscontentandDisorderinBrazil 41 ChangingGenderRoles 42 OntheRoadtoIndependence 44 NationalismandAmericanCulture 44 Conclusion 49 TopicsandQuestionsforDiscussion 49 viii CONTENTS 3 CompetingNotionsof Freedom 51 FiveRoadstoIndependence 52 AfricanSlaveryintheAmericas 53 SlaveryandtheCountryside 57 SlaveryintheCities 58 TreatmentandPunishment 60 SlaveryandtheChurch 60 AfricanMedicineandReligiousPractices 61 ResistanceandRebellion 63 TheSugarColonyof Saint-Domingue 65 TheSlaveRevolt 66 TheRevolutionBetrayed 68 Brazil’sIndependentEmpire 69 IndependenceinMexico 71 SouthAmericanIndependence 73 Post-independenceChangesinRacialandGenderStatus 77 TheLastHoldoutof SlaveryinSpanishAmerica 78 LatinAmericainaChangingWorldOrder 80 Conclusion 81 TopicsandQuestionsforDiscussion 82 4 FragmentedNationalisms 84 SearchingforPoliticalandEconomicUnity 84 NewWorld“Feudalism” 86 Post-independencePolitics 90 ArgentinaandtheTyrants 92 PopulistCaudillismo:ParaguayandBolivia 93 AfterCaudillismo 96 Race,RaceMixture,andLiberalism 97 GenderandLiberalism 100 Intersectionsof Gender,Race,andClass 103 Nationalism 105 Conclusion 108 TopicsandQuestionsforDiscussion 108 5 LatinAmerica’sPlaceintheCommodityChain 110 TheGuanoBoom 111 NitratesinChile 113 TheGrowthof Sa˜oPaulo 116 ColombianCoffee 118
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