History Of Islam In Africa PDF
Preview History Of Islam In Africa
The Historl1 ofls1am il1 Africa N ..... 1 1. SENEGAL 2. The GAMBIA 3. GUINEA BISSAU 4. SIERRA LEONE 5. LIBERIA 6. TOGO 7. BENIN 8. EQUATORIAL GUINEA 9. ERITREA 10. DJIBOUTI 11. RWANDA 12. BURUNDI 13. MALAWI 14. SWAZILAND 15. LESOTHO MILES o 800 Political Map of Africa The HistoM1 ofls1am il1 Africa edited by Nehemia Levtzion & Randall L. Pouwels Ohio University Press Athens James Currey Oxford David Philip Cape Town First published 2000 in the United States of America by Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701 Published 2000 in the United Kingdom by James Currey Ltd, 73 Bodey Road, Oxford OX2 OBS Published 2000 in Southern Africa by David Philip Publishers (Pty) Ltd, 208 Werdmuller Centre, Newry Street, Claremont 7708, South Africa © 2000 by Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved Ohio University Press books are printed on acid-free paper ƒ tm 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 9 8 7 6 Jacket/cover photographs: Front: Mosque at San, Mali. Photograph by Eliot Elisofon, 1971 EEPA EECL 16303 Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives National Museum of African Art Smithsonian Institution Back: Worshippers attending prayers at Mosque, Sokoto, Nigeria. Photograph by Eliot Elisofon, 1959 EEPA EECL 6353 Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives National Museum of African Art Smithsonian Institution Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The History of Islam in Africa / edited by Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8214-1296-5 (cloth: alk. paper). - ISBN 0-8214-1297-3 (paper:alk. paper) 1. Islam-Africa-History. I. Levtzion, Nehemia. II. Pouwels, Randall Lee, 1944- BP64.A.1H62 1999 297'·096–dc21 99-27729 CIP A CIP record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-85255-782-5 (James Currey cloth) ISBN 0-85255-781-7 (James Currey paper) ISBN 0-86486-454-X (David Philip paper) List ofM aps Vll Prefoce IX Introduction: Patterns of Islamization and Varieties of Religious Experience among Muslims of Mrica Nehemia Levtzion and Randtzll L. Pouwels Africa. ([ Part I: GatewaYj to I. Egypt and North Mrica Peter von Sivers 21 2. The Indian Ocean and the Red Sea M. N Pearson 37 ([ Part II: Wejt Africa. a,w the S uoan 3. Islam in the Bilad al-Sudan to 1800 Nehemia Levtzion 63 4. The Juula and the Expansion of Islam into the Forest Ivor Wilks 93 5. Precolonial Islam in the Eastern Sudan Jay Spaulding 117 6. Revolutions in the Western Sudan David Robinson 131 7. The Eastern Sudan, 1822 to the Present John 0. Voll 153 8. Islam in Mrica under French Colonial Rule Jean-Louis Triaud 169 9. Islam in West Mrica: Radicalism and the New Ethic of Disagreement, 1960-1990 Lansine Kaba 189 10. Religious Pluralisms in Northern Nigeria William F S. Miles 209 ({ Part III: EC{ftern ,m~ Southern Africa. II. Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa Lidwien Kapteijns 227 12. The East African Coast, c. 780 to 1900 C.E. Randall L. Pouwels 251 13. The Coastal Hinterland and Interior of East Africa David C. Sperling, with additional material by Jose H. Kagabo 273 14. East Central Africa Edward A. Alpers 303 IS. Islam in Southern Africa, 1652-1998 &~C~~~ 3~ 16. Radicalism and Reform in East Africa Abdin Chande 349 ({ Part IV: Genera! Themej 17. Islamic Law in Africa Allan Christelow 373 18. Muslim Women in African History Roberta Ann Dunbar 397 19. Islamic Education and Scholarship in Sub-Saharan Africa Stefan Reichmuth 419 20. Sufi Brotherhoods in Africa Knut S. Vik@r 441 21. Prayer, Amulets, and Healing David Owusu-Ansah 477 22. Islamic Art and Material Culture in Africa Rene A. Bravmamz 23. Islamic Literature in Africa Kenneth W Harrow 519 24. Music and Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Eric Charry 545 Glossary 575 Contributors 579 Index 583 Maps ({ Political Map ofA frica 11 ({ North Africa: Regions and Ethnonyms 20 ({ West Africa and the Bilad ai-Sudan ({ East and Northeast Africa ({ Central and Southern Africa 372 Preface This volume is intended to pioneer an approach to the history of Islam in Africa on a continent-wide scale. The editors are gratified that the balance has been redressed between East and West Africa. Although the study of Islam in West Africa is by far more advanced than the study of Islam in East Africa, the two regional sec tions of this volume, Part II on West Africa and Part III on Eastern and Southern Africa, have been given roughly equal weight. The editors do not know any other work on Islam in Africa in which Islam in East Africa achieves such prominence in a continental context. We have been particularly concerned with the dynamics of religious interaction between the "essentials" of Islam-those elements that fostered unity and continu ity within a discernible community of discourse-and the particular historical, cul tural, and environmental factors that produced diversity and local forms of Islam. Our aim was to provide comprehensive studies of the experience of Muslim com munities all over Africa. In Africa, diversity has produced rich traditions of widely varied religious meanings, beliefs, and practices. Islam energized, enlivened, and animated life in African communities, and at the same time Islam has been molded by its African settings. As a result of the interaction between Muslim and African civilizations, the advance ofIslam has profoundly influenced religious beliefs and practices of African societies, while local traditions have "Africanized" Islam. The ways Islam has thrived in the rich panoply of continent-wide historical circumstances have fostered discord at least as often as these ways of Islam have helped realize unity and agreement. The main challenge for all of us who participated in this project has been to limn specific ways in which Islam and Muslims have played creative roles in the story of Africa's development. Muslims were important in the process of state-building, in the creation of commercial networks that brought together large parts of the conti nent. Muslims introduced literacy that, in addition to its religious significance, also made Muslims scribes to African rulers in charge of state records, as well as exchanges of inter-state diplomacy, inside Africa and beyond.
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