Table Of Content

History of E History of R I International Relations K R International Relations I N A Non-European Perspective G M A R E R RIK INGMAR A Non-European Perspective Exis� ng textbooks on interna� onal rela� ons treat history in a cursory fashion and perpetuate a Euro-centric perspec� ve. This textbook pioneers a new approach by historicizing the material tradi� onally taught in Interna� onal Rela� ons courses, and by explicitly focusing on non-European cases, debates and issues. H i The volume is divided into three parts. The ﬁ rst part focuses on the interna� onal systems that s t tradi� onally existed in Europe, East Asia, pre-Columbian Central and South America, Africa o and Polynesia. The second part discusses the ways in which these interna� onal systems were r y brought into contact with each other through the agency of Mongols in Central Asia, Arabs o in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean, Indic and Sinic socie� es in South East Asia, and f the Europeans through their travels and colonial expansion. The concluding sec� on concerns I n contemporary issues: the processes of decoloniza� on, neo-colonialism and globaliza� on – and t their consequences on contemporary society. e r n History of Internati onal Relati ons provides a unique textbook for undergraduate and graduate a students of interna� onal rela� ons, and anybody interested in interna� onal rela� ons theory, t i history, and contemporary poli� cs. o n a As with all Open Book publica� ons, this en� re book is available to read for free on the publisher’s l R website. Printed and digital edi� ons, together with supplementary digital material, can also be e found at www.openbookpublishers.com l a t i o Cover image: Al-Idrisi, Tabula Rogeriana (1154), Bibliotheque na� onale de France (MSO Arabe n 2221). Cover design: Anna Ga� . s e book ebook and OA edi� ons E R also available RIK INGMAR OPEN ACCESS www.openbookpublishers.com OBP HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS History of International Relations A Non-European Perspective Erik Ringmar https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2019 Erik Ringmar This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Erik Ringmar, History of International Relations: A Non-European Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2019. https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0074 Copyright and permissions for the reuse of many of the images included in this publication differ from the above. Copyright and permissions information for images is provided separately in the List of Illustrations. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https://doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0074#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0074#resources Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-022-2 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-023-9 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-024-6 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-025-3 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-026-0 ISBN Digital (XML): 978-1-78374-778-8 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0074 Cover image: Al-Idrisi, Tabula Rogeriana (1154), Bibliotheque nationale de France (MSO Arabe 2221). Wikimedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TabulaRogeriana.jpg Cover design by Anna Gatti. All paper used by Open Book Publishers is sourced from SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initiative) accredited mills and the waste is disposed of in an environmentally friendly way. Contents The Author vii Acknowledgments viii This book ix 1. Introduction 3. India and Indianization Comparative international 2 Vedic India 46 systems Classical India 52 Institutions, rules, 3 Indianization 58 and norms The Mughal Empire 64 Stateless societies 5 India as an international system 67 Walls and bridges 6 Timeline 69 Further reading 10 Short dictionary 70 Think about 11 Think about 70 2. China and East Asia 4. The Muslim Caliphates The Warring States period 14 The Arab expansion 74 The development of the 19 The Umayyads and the 78 Chinese state Abbasids The overland system 30 The Arabs in Spain 81 The tribute system 33 An international system of 86 A Japanese international 36 caliphates system? The Ottoman Empire 91 Further reading 40 Further reading 96 Timeline 41 Timeline 97 Short dictionary 42 Short dictionary 98 Think about 43 Think about 99 5. The Mongol Khanates 7. The Americas From Temüjin to Genghis Khan 102 The Maya 152 A nomadic state 103 The Aztecs 160 How to conquer the world 106 The Incas 163 Dividing it all up 112 North America 170 An international system of 116 Further reading 174 khanates Timeline 175 Further reading 122 Short dictionary 176 Timeline 123 Think about 177 Short dictionary 124 Think about 125 8. European Expansion A sea route to India 180 6. Africa Europeans in the “New 182 The Nile River Valley 129 World” North Africa 131 A commercial world 186 economy The kingdoms of West Africa 133 An industrial world economy 189 East Africa and the Indian 139 Ocean The apotheosis of colonialism 194 An African international 144 Decolonization 197 system? Further reading 200 Further reading 146 Timeline 201 Timeline 147 Short dictionary 202 Short dictionary 148 Think about 203 Think about 149 Afterthoughts: Walls and Bridges 205 The Author Erik Ringmar is professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Ibn Haldun University, Istanbul, Turkey. He graduated from Yale University in 1993 with a PhD in political science and has subsequently worked at the London School of Economics and as professor of international politics at Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue in Shanghai, China. Acknowledgments I am grateful to the students who have taken my course on comparative international systems over the past years. They were the first ones to be exposed to the chapters that follow. It is more than anything their questions and objections that have forced me to think harder and explain better. Thanks also to Jorg Kustermans and Victor Friedman who tried out the material in their respective courses and provided feedback. Downloaders and commentators at Academia.edu helped improve the argument as did suggestions from Klara Andrée, Magnus Fiskesjö, Jonas Gjersø, Ville Harle, Markus Lyckman, John Pella, Frank Ejby Poulsen, Diane Pranzo, James C. Scott, Farhan Hanif Siddiqi and Max de Vietri. Thanks also to Alex Astrov, Gunther Hellmann and Iver B. Neumann. The indefatigable librarians at the Internet Archive and Library Genesis provided all the books I needed. Thanks to Julie Linden for proof-reading, to Luca Baffa and Anna Gatti for layout and design, and to Alessandra Tosi for believing in the project and for guiding the text into print. As always, I am indebted to Ko Jenq-Yuh and Hong Ruey-Long. This book Names of people and places are generally given in the original language but other versions are included for ease of identification. Hence “Kongzi,” but also “Confucius,” “Palashi,” but also “Plassey.” All years given refer to the Common Era, “CE” or Anno Domini, “AD,” except when indicated. All years associated with names of rulers refer to the length of their reign. In addition to the main chapters there are a large number of boxes in which more specific topics are introduced. Many of these topics expand on the story told in the main chapters, but some introduce new themes. The purpose is to show the contemporary relevance of the historical material, but also to provide a sense of the culture and traditions of each respective part of the world. The book is accompanied by a dedicated website: http://ringmar.net/irhistorynew/. Here you will find links to more material, primary sources and a complete bibliography, as well as podcasts to listen to and video clips to watch. Look out for the Read More call-outs, which link to specific resources in the irhistory website (direct links and QR codes for each webpage are provided for ease of access).