Table Of Content

TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT DRESDEN Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen R. Pohl Lesson History of Hydraulic Engineering Fall term 2004 Institut für Wasserbau und Technische Hydromechanik Dresden University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering Course Rehabilitation Engineering Lesson History of Hydraulic Engineering R. Pohl Fall term 2004 History of Hydraulic Engineering ...............................................2 Navigation.............................................................................................2 Development of Canal Cross Section in Middle Europe.......................3 Canal aqueducts...................................................................................6 Inclined planes......................................................................................6 Ship lifts................................................................................................9 Locks ....................................................................................................9 Water Power.......................................................................................14 Dams ..................................................................................................16 References .........................................................................................20 Dresden Univ. of Techn., Faculty of Civil Engrg. – Course: Rehabilitation Engineering – Lesson: History of Hydraulic Engineering – Fall term 2004 – R. Pohl page 2 History of Hydraulic Engineering Hydraulic Engineering Water Flood Water Navigation Irrigation waste environment Supply Protection Power Drainage water dams dams dams rivers dams sewers rivers reservoirs dikes, levees weirs weirs weirs treatment groundwater pumps flood plains reservoirs canals drains disposal hydraul. habitats pipelines retaining basins penstocks locks ditches groundwater headrace channels ports pipelines purification turbines pumps The following contens refers to the green marked boxes. Navigation Navigation canals in New York State, USA, 1868 Dresden Univ. of Techn., Faculty of Civil Engrg. – Course: Rehabilitation Engineering – Lesson: History of Hydraulic Engineering – Fall term 2004 – R. Pohl page 3 Development of Canal Cross Section in Middle Europe Dresden Univ. of Techn., Faculty of Civil Engrg. – Course: Rehabilitation Engineering – Lesson: History of Hydraulic Engineering – Fall term 2004 – R. Pohl page 4 Last Quarter of the 19th Century, beginning 20th century Boom in Waterway Construction in Germany Extensive Industrialization after 1850 Growth of Population in Germany (1852: 36 Mio., 1895: 52 Mio.) (cid:198) Railway Network (cid:198) Navigation Canal Network (cid:198) between 1863 and 1917 twenty seven large Navigation Projects in Germany including e.g. 1880 - 1887 Ems-Jade-Canal 1884 Neckar Canalization 1884 - 1886 Main Canalization downstream of Frankfurt 1886 - 1895 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Canal 1877 - 1899 Dortmund-Ems-Canal 1896 - 1900 Elbe-Trave-Canal 1906 - 1916 Ems-Weser-Canal (Mittellandkanal) 1906 - 1915 Development of Oder-Weichsel-Waterway (cid:198) Rhine and Oder were linked (1938) Ship Lift Niederfinow (cid:198) Between 1990 and 2004 : one large Navigation Project in Germany – Transport Project German Unity 17 – Waterway Cross Magdeburg Dresden Univ. of Techn., Faculty of Civil Engrg. – Course: Rehabilitation Engineering – Lesson: History of Hydraulic Engineering – Fall term 2004 – R. Pohl page 5 German Inland Waterways – 1939 German Federal Waterways 1993 Dresden Univ. of Techn., Faculty of Civil Engrg. – Course: Rehabilitation Engineering – Lesson: History of Hydraulic Engineering – Fall term 2004 – R. Pohl page 6 Canal aqueducts Ancient non-navigable aqueducts for water supply: Niniveh, Assyria 700 BC, Acqua Marcia, Rome 144 BC, Segovia, Spain 10 AD, Pont du Gard, Nimes, France 14 AD 1462-1470 navigable canal aqueduct Adda-Milan, Italy 1779 cast iron canal bridge over river Severn, UK 1847 Delaware – Hudson canal aqueduct, USA 1914 reinforced concrete aqueduct Minden, Germany 2000 Elbe crossing canal aqueduct Magdeburg, Germany (Project 17 – German Unity) Inclined planes Ancient primitive portages to bypass ships around river rapids or to connect two navigable waters Later: gentle gradient slipways. Boats were draged through shallow water an aprons of stonework 12th century AD slipway in the Netherlands15th century AD rope hauled short inclines to convey boats in wheeled cradles: 1437 Lizzafusina on river Brenta, Italy (near Venice) 18th century double and counterbalanced long inclines e.g. in Ireland 19th century railway canal links, powered inclines Dresden Univ. of Techn., Faculty of Civil Engrg. – Course: Rehabilitation Engineering – Lesson: History of Hydraulic Engineering – Fall term 2004 – R. Pohl page 7 Beginning of Ship Lift Constructions Barge Ramp Barge Ramp: the „Cart of Zasofina“ (Lizzafosina) by Vittorio Zonca (Padova 1607) Roll Bridge – Barge Ramp 18th Century Dresden Univ. of Techn., Faculty of Civil Engrg. – Course: Rehabilitation Engineering – Lesson: History of Hydraulic Engineering – Fall term 2004 – R. Pohl page 8 Barge Ramp 19th Century: Dry Ship Lift Top: crossing the apex, Bottom: with lock chamber at the upper end Barge Ramp in Morris Canal 19th century (between Hudson and Delaware) Non-lock type platform barge lift Sketch: Wet Ship Lift (left parallel, right transversal to slipway)