r SsV i-', 'f- .''tfje,- -w^fcfc*;0^'*-^* MAIK ENTRANCE. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE FRANKLIN COLLEGE, 1787-1853 MARSHALL COLLEGE, 1836-1853 FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE 1853-1903 JOSEPH HENRY DUBBS, D.D., LL.D. AudenriedProfessorofHistoryandArch(roloffy inFranklinandMars)uxllCollege LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA PUBLISUKD BY THK FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 1903 PUBLISHING COMMITTEE. Samuel 11. Ra.nck, Chairman. Rev. Adam S. Weber, D.D. Rev. Chables W. Levan. President John S. Stahr, Ex-Officio. COPYKIOHT, 1903, BY TUE Fkamklin and Marshall Collkoe Alumhi Association. PaoiOF TtEKIWEt»P«HI1«6COHMir, LllCilSTEI.Vk. PRELIMINAEY. In response to a request of the Ahimni Association of Franklin and Marshall College the author has prepared the following pages. It seems strange that this work was not done many years ago, when the necessary material might have been more easily collected. Now that the historic renaissance has come upon us it is frequently in- timated by the friends of the institution that the time for such a publication has fully come and that there must be no further delay. The preparation of this volume was directly suggested by the approaching Semi-centennial Celebration of the union of two colleges and of the consequent organization of Franklin and Marshall College, at Lancaster, Penn- sylvania. For telling the story of the development of the educational movement which these institutions have represented this festival was regarded as a peculiarly auspicious occasion, and it was speedily detennined that some one must write a book. Knowing that the task was accompanied by peculiar difficulties the present writer would have been well pleased if it had been assigned to another; but he was at last persuaded that he could not honorably decline an invitation which had been most courteously extended. In the earliest instructions of the Committee of Publi- cation the author was reminded that he was expected to limit his studies to the histx)ry of the College, introducing that of the Theological Seminary at certain periods only, iv PRKLIMINARY. when flic two in.stitution.s wore so closely connected that it iiiii^lit, ))(' tlitlicnlt to gftin a |>roj><'r idoii of tho dcvclop- niont of one without Ixjconiinp; familiar with conditions that prevailed in the other. To follow the.se instructions was S(niietinies difficult, and the author must crave in- dulgence for occasionally trespassing on a field that has been reser\'ed for another. It should, however, be under- stood that he has not attempted to write the hist/)ry of the Theological Seminary, except during certain periods and in an external and formal way, and that a careful and critical study of the life and doctrine of that insti- tution remains a desideratum. The composition of this volume has demanded more research than was at first anticipated. Portions of the early history of Franklin College are very obscure and consequently require renewed study of original sources. It ha.s, for instance, been generally supposed that the cele- brated astronomer, Daniel Kirkwood, was in his youth an instructor in the Lancaster County Academy; but it now seems plain that he was not connected with that institution, but must be regarded as one of the earliest principals of the Lancaster City High School. Marshall College is, of course, better known, but of the men who were partakers of its peculiar life there are very- few survivors. Hitherto it has been usual to contemplate this period from a purely theological standpoint, in close connection with the development of " Mercersburg Theol- ogy"; but the author has ventured to tell the story as he heard it from the lips of older men, and to introduce incidents and anecdotes which belong peculiarly to Mar- .shall College and may perhaps be appreciated by a younger ir<Mipr:ition of students. PRELIMINARY. V In writing the history of Franklin and Marshall Col- lege during the past half century the chief difficulty has been that of selection. Material is abundant, but in some instances there may be an honest difference of opinion with regard to the sequence of events. To have told the story in all its breadth and fulness would have extended the work beyond its proper limits, and omissions were therefore unavoidable. That we have been unable to give a full account of the special work of many faithful laborers is greatly to be regretted; but we may perhaps be permitted to call attention to the fact that additional information is given in the " Catalogue of Officers and Students" which is issued in connection with the present festival. The author is under many obligations to the members of the Committee of Publication for aid in the prosecu- tion of this work. They have superintended the publica- tion, selected the illustrations, assisted in reading proof and furnished many valuable suggestions, besides attend- ing to other details which are ordinarily burdensome to the author. Other friends have kindly responded to requests for aid and information. To Mr. D. Mc^N". Stauffer, of New York, we are greatly indebted for re- producing the portrait of Dr. Frederick A. Ranch from a posthumous sketch and for drawing the seals of the institutions. The Pennsylvania-German Society also has our thanks for the use of several interesting illustrations. Though we have throughout the volume given credit to our coadjutors, it affords us pleasure to repeat that we are under special obligations to the Rev. Professor Wil- liam J. ninke, the Rev. Dr. James I. Good, Dr. J. A. Vi PRFCLIMINAKY. Mol.shciiticr, I)r. \\. M. Green, Measrs. George Steinman, Daniel II. Ilcitshu, L. Nevin Wilson and many others. The preparation of this vohime has given pleasure to the author, though it demanded earnest and unremitting labor. lie is aware of its imperfections, and can only say that under somewhat unfavorable conditions he has tried to do his best — CONTENTS. FKANKLIN COLLEGE. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. — — Early Conditions Schlatter and Muhlenberg Charity — — — Schools J. Daniel Gros Kunze and Helmuth German Department of the University of Pennsylvania 3 14 CHAPTER 11. THE FOUNDERS OF THE COLLEGE. — Four Eminent Ministers Petition to the Legislature — — General Plan of the College Benjamin Franklin Sub- scription List 15-23 CHAPTER IIL THE CHARTER. — — — Incorporation The Trustees Charity School The Brew — — House The Store House Letter from General Knox 24-32 CHAPTER IV. THE FORMAL OPENING (JUNE 6, 1787). — — Preparations Correspondence Procession and Program — — Election of Professors Addresses by Drs. Mulilenberg and Hutchins 33-53 CHAPTER V. A DEBATED QUESTION. — Crevecoeu—r's Statement Frank—lin at tlie Constitutional Convention The Abb<? Morellet Franklin's Letter to his — Sister His Presence at the Opening of the College 54-60 —— Viii CONTKNTS. CHAPTER VI. FACULTY AND Sn^DENTS. — — The Professors Ilendd'H Letters to Dr. Rush List of — Students Annual Festivals 61-79 CHAPTER VII. EARLY TROUBLES. — — Local Opposition " Hans Ehrlich" Appeal for Aid — — Dr. Rush's Ijctter Melsheimer's Report The Fathers in — Holland German Department 80-89 CHAPTER VIII. A PERIOD OF DEPRESSION. — — Imperfect Minutes College Lands "The Squatters" — — Dr. Muhlenberg's Diary Dr. James Ross Poole's Franklin — — Academy Professor Schippcr's Dictionary Dr. Brownlee — — — Professor Norr Presidents of the Board Proposed Theological Seminary 90-114 CHAPTER IX. THE LANCASTER COUNTY ACADEMY, 1827-1839. — — County Academies State Appropriation A New Build- — — — ing ^Successive Principals Lancasterian Schools Sale of — the "Store House" The Academy Closed 115-126 CHAPTER X. THE REVIVAL. — — An Onward Movement Tlie Building Enlarged Pro- — fessors F. A. Muhlenberg and James Regan Rev. Dr. — Samuel Bowman, Acting President Professor Jacob Chap- — man A Professor of Law 127-135 CHAPTER XI. THE UNION MOVEMENT. — — Proposed Enlargement Plans for Union Agreement — — with Marshall College Dr. J.—C. Bucher's Success Pur- chase of the Lutheran Interest Confirmation of the Union 136-147 ——— A CONTENTS. IX MARSHALL COLLEGE. CHAPTER XII. THE HIGH SCHOOL. — — The Charter Theological Seminary Classical Institu- — — tion at York The Principal of the School Literary So- cieties 151-163 CHAPTER XIII. THE REMOVAL. — — Choice of Location The Reverend Jacob Mayer ^Mer- — — — cersburg The Old Academy First Board of Trustees Small Faculty 164-170 CHAPTER XIV. THE FIRST PRESIDENCY. — The Organization President Frederick Augustus Rauch — — Biography and Personal Characteristics Psychology — — Tlie Seminary Building The Law School Early Pro- — — fessors Arrival of Dr. J. W. Nevin Death of Dr. Rauch. . 171-188 CHAPTER XV. THE SECONT) PRESIDENCY. — President John Williamson Nevin Professor William M. — — Nevin Dr. Traill Green Professors Porter, Baird and — — — Appel Dr. Philip Schaff A Brilliant Reception Literary — — Labors Peculiar People Recreations 189-212 CHAPTER XVL THE BUILDING OF THE HALLS. — Plan and Purpose Rivalry of the Literary Societies — Enthusiasm of the Students Cabinets and Museums — — "Electioneering" German Literary Societies Deserted Halls 213-222