History of Chinese Daoism- Volume I

640 Pages·2000·22.745 MB·English

by  David C. Yu, Genevieve M. Fortin

HISTORY OF
CHINESE DAOISM
Volume 1
David C. Yu
Translator
University Press of America, Inc.
Lanham· New York· Oxford
Copyright © 2000 by
University Press of America,® Inc.
4720 Boston Way
Lanham, Maryland 20706
12 Hid's Copse Rd.
Cumnor Hill, Oxford OX2 9JJ
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
British Library Cataloging in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
History of Chinese Daoism I David C. Yu, translator.
p. em
Includes bibliographical references and index.
I. Taoism-China-History. I. Yu, David C.
BLI910 .H57 2000 299'.514'09-dc21 00-046670 CIP
ISBN 0-7618-1868-5 (alk. paper)
eTN
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum
requirements of American National Standard for Information
Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI 239.48-1984
This volume is dedicated to
Leah Blanche Edgar
(1887-1981),
missionary to China

Contents
Table of Chinese Dynasties IX
Preface XI
Introduction XIII
Chapter 1: Historical Conditions and Ancient Ideas Which
Gave Rise to Daoism
Section I: Religion ofQin-Han Society and Its Theology
of Heaven and Apocryphal Writings 2
Section 2: Belief in Ghosts/Spirits, Mozi's Will ofH eaven
and On Ghosts, Synthesis between the theory of Five Phases
and Worship of Ghosts/Spirits, Shrine Worship in Qin and Han
Dynasties 16
Section 3: Qin Dynasty's Idea on the Immortals, Thaumaturges
during the Reign of the First Emperor ofQin, Emperor Han
Wudi's Faith in Immortality Cult, the Secret Pillow-Book of
the Garden ofG reat Pleasure, and the Biographies of
Different Immortals 33
Section 4: The Promotion of Yellow Emperor and Laozi in
Society and the School of Yellow Emperor-Laozi; the Tenets
ofthe Commentary on the Daodejing by the old Man at
the River Banks 50
Chapter 2: Early Daoist Texts and the Rise ofP opular
Daoist Sects 73
Section l: The Religious Characteristics of T'ianguanli
baoyuan t 'aip 'ingjing and the History and Tenets of
T'aip 'ing qingling shu 73
v
Section 2: Wei Baiyang, Author of Can-tong-qi; His
Understanding of Alchemy and His Alchemical
Contributions I 05
Section 3: The Founding and Spread ofthe Sect of Five-Bushel
Rice; Basic Ideas of the Xianger Commentary on the Laozi 126
Section 4: The Growth of the Great Peace Sect in the East,
Yellow Turban Rebellion 172
Chapter 3: The Dissension and Expansion of Daoism in
the Wei (220-265) and Jin Dynasty (265-420) 193
Section I: The Dual Policy of the Ruling Class toward Daoism
and Daoist Dissension; Spread of the Celestial Master Sect in
the North; Failure of the Celestial Master's Wish to Restore
Its Earlier Practices 193
Section 2: The Continuous Spread of the Celestial Master
Sect in Ba Shu Region; the Rebellious Movements of Chen
Rui and LiTe; Fan Changsheng and His Relationships with
the Cheng-Han Dynasty 222
Section 3: The Spread ofthe Li Lineage Sect in the South; the
Rebellious Groups Led by Leaders Named Li Hong in Various
Places; the Growth and Development of Du Zigong Sect under
Celestial Master Sect in the South; the Rebellions of Sun En
and Lu Xun 229
Section 4: Daoist Upward Movement in Wei and Jin Periods;
Daoist Participation in the Intra-Party Political Struggles of the
Feudal Ruling Class; Affiliation of the Aristocrats with the
Celestial Master Sect; Daoist Recluses 252
Section 5: Ge Hong's Systematic Review ofthe Ideas of
Immortality in the Past, Significance of His Review, and the
Transmissions of the Gold Elixir Sect 270
Section 6: Rise of High Clarity Sect; Main Ideas of the Perfect
Scripture ofG reat Grotto and the Book of Yellow Court 306
VI
Section 7: The Appearance and Multiplication of the Scriptures
ofNuminous Treasures and the Rise ofNuminous Treasures
Sect 331
Chapter 4: Reform and Strengthening of Daoism in the Period
of Political Disunion (386-581) 351
Section 1: K'ou Qianzhi's Reform of the Sect of Celestial
Master, Growth and Developments ofDaoism in Northern
Wei, Date of Scripture ofS ecret Accord and Its Basic Ideas 352
Section 2: Daoism in Northern Qi, Daoist Expansion in
Northern Zhou, and the Rise and Growth ofLouguan Daoism 371
Section 3: Anti-Buddhism in Northern Wei and Northern Zhou;
Conflicts and Mutual Influences between Buddhism and Daoism
in Northern Dynasties 384
Section 4: Reform of the Celestial Master Sect under Lu Xiujing
and His Contributions to the Growth of Luminous Treasures
Daoism; Codification ofthe Manuals of Liturgy in Worship;
Developments of Daoism in the Liu Song and Southern
Dynasties 403
Section 5: Gu Huan 's On the Differences between Barbarians
and the Chinese; the Conflicts and Eventual Reconciliation
between Buddhism and Daoism in the Southern Dynasties 422
Section 6: T'ao Hongjing's Contributions to Daoism, Growth
of the High Clarity Sect into the Lineage of Mao Shan,
Establishment of the Daoist Pantheon, and the Developments
of Daoism in the Liang (507-557) and Chen (559-589)
Dynasties 435
Section 7: Production of a Large Number ofDaoist Scriptures:
Compilation of the Catalogs of the Daoist Scriptures,
Classification of the Three Grottoes and the Four Supplements
as the Basis for the Daoist Canon in Subsequent Times 461
Section 8: The Rise of the Daoist Hermitages: Preliminary
Stages of the Hermitage System and the Codification ofthe
Daoist Rules and Injunctions 474
VII
Glossary of Chinese Characters 491
Notes 509
Bibliography 549
Index 601
viii
Table of Chinese Dynasties
Covered in Volume 1
Han 206 BCE-220 CE
West Han 206 BCE-23 CE
East Han 25-220
Three Kingdoms
Wei 220-265
Shu 22I-263
Wu 222-280
Jin 265--420
West Jin 265-3 I 6
East Jin 3 I 7-420
Dynasties in the Period of Political Disunion 420-581
Northern Dynasties
Northern Wei 386-534
Eastern Wei 534-550
Northern Qi 550-577
Western Wei 535-557
Northern Zhou 557-58I
Southern Dynasties
Liu Song 420-479
Southern Qi 479-502
Liang 502-557
Chen 557-589
Sui 581-618