History: Fiction or Science?: The dynastic parallelism method. Rome. Troy. Greece. The Bible. Chronological shifts. (Chronology) (Volume 2)

561 Pages·2016·33.971 MB·English

by  Dr Vladimir V Kalachnikov, Dr Gleb V Nosovskiy

Anatoly T. Fomenko
H i st o r y :
Fiction
or Science?
2
C HR O N O L O G Y
Who controls the past controls the future.
Who controls the present controls the past.
George Orwell
History repeats itself;
that's one ofthe things that's wrong with history.
Clarence Darrow
ii | history:fiction or science?
A.T.Fomenko
Chronology 1
Introducing the problem.A criticism ofthe Scaligerian chronology.
Dating methods as offered by mathematical statistics.Eclipses and zodiacs.
A.T.Fomenko
Chronology 2
The dynastic parallelism method.Rome.Troy.Greece.The Bible.Chronological shifts.
A.T.Fomenko,V.V.Kalashnikov,G.V.Nosovskiy
Chronology 3
Astronomical methods as applied to chronology.Ptolemy’s Almagest.
Tycho Brahe.Copernicus.The Egyptian zodiacs.
A.T.Fomenko,G.V.Nosovskiy
Chronology 4
Russia.Britain.Byzantium.Rome.
A.T.Fomenko,G.V.Nosovskiy
Chronology 5
Russia = Horde.Ottomans = Atamans.Europe.China.Japan.The Etruscans.Egypt.Scandinavia.
A.T.Fomenko,G.V.Nosovskiy
Chronology 6
The Horde-Ataman Empire.The Bible.The Reformation.America.Passover and the calendar.
A.T.Fomenko,G.V.Nosovskiy
Chronology 7
A reconstruction ofglobal history.The Khans ofNovgorod = The Habsburgs.Miscellaneous information.
The legacy ofthe Great Empire in the history and culture ofEurasia and America.
This seven volume edition is based on a number discovered and researched,as well as the new
ofour books that came out over the last couple of hypothetical reconstruction ofglobal history up
years and were concerned with the subject in ques- until the XVIII century.Our previous books on the
tion.All this gigantic body ofmaterial was revised subject ofchronology were created in the period of
and categorized;finally,its current form does not naissance and rather turbulent infancy ofthe new
contain any ofthe repetitions that are inevitable in paradigm,full ofcomplications and involved is-
the publication ofseparate books.All ofthis re- sues,which often resulted in the formulation of
sulted in the inclusion ofa great number ofaddi- multi-optional hypotheses.The present edition pi-
tional material in the current edition – including oneers in formulating a consecutive unified con-
previously unpublished data.The reader shall find cept ofthe reconstruction ofancient history – one
a systematic rendition ofdetailed criticisms ofthe that apparently is supported by a truly immense
consensual (Scaligerian) chronology,the descrip- body ofevidence.Nevertheless,it is understandable
tions ofthe methods offered by mathematical sta- that its elements may occasionally be in need ofre-
tistics and natural sciences that the authors have vision or elaboration.
Anatoly T. Fomenko
H i s t o r y :
Fiction
or Science?
c h r o n o l o g y
2
D P
elamere ublishing
p a r i s . l o n d o n . n e w y o r k
History: Fiction or Science?
Fomenko,Anatoly Timofeevich.Born in 1945.Full (in Mathematics) for a cycle ofworks on the Hamil-
Member (Academician) ofthe Russian Academy of tonian dynamical systems and manifolds' invari-
Sciences,Full Member ofthe Russian Academy of ants theory.Author of180 scientific publications,
Natural Sciences,Full Member ofthe International 26 monographs and textbooks on mathematics,a
Higher Education Academy ofSciences,Doctor of specialist in geometry and topology,calculus of
Physics and Mathematics,Professor,Head ofthe variations,symplectic topology,Hamiltonian
Moscow State University Section ofMathematics geometry and mechanics,computer geometry.
ofthe Department ofMathematics and Mechanics.
Solved Plateau’s Problem from the theory ofmini- Author ofa number ofbooks on the development
mal spectral surfaces.Author ofthe theory ofin- ofnew empirico-statistical methods and their
variants and topological classification ofintegrable application to the analysis ofhistorical chronicles
Hamiltonian dynamic systems.Laureate ofthe as well as the chronology ofantiquity and the
1996 National Premium ofthe Russian Federation Middle Ages.
Kindly order Volume 1 History: Fiction ofScience?isbn 2-913621-05-8
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Anatoly T.Fomenko asserts the moral right to be identified as the author ofthis work
Translated from Russian by Michael Jagger.Cover by Polina Zinoviev.Project management by Franck Tamdhu
All rights reserved.No part ofthis book may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form
or by any means,without the prior permission ofthe publisher.Critics are welcome,ofcourse,
to quote briefpassages by way ofcriticism and review.
| v
Also by Anatoly T. Fomenko
(List is non-exhaustive)
Differential Geometry and Topology
Plenum Publishing Corporation.1987.USA,Consultants Bureau,New York and London.
Variational Principles in Topology.Multidimensional Minimal SurfaceTheory
Kluwer Academic Publishers,The Netherlands,1990.
Topological variational problems.– Gordon and Breach,1991.
Integrability and Nonintegrability in Geometry and Mechanics
Kluwer Academic Publishers,The Netherlands,1988.
The Plateau Problem.vols.1,2
Gordon and Breach,1990.(Studies in the Development ofModern Mathematics.)
Symplectic Geometry.Methods and Applications.
Gordon and Breach,1988.Second edition 1995.
Minimal surfaces and Plateau problem.Together with Dao Chong Thi
USA,American Mathematical Society,1991.
Integrable Systems on Lie Algebras and Symmetric Spaces.Together with V.V.Trofimov
Gordon and Breach,1987.
Geometry ofMinimal Surfaces in Three-Dimensional Space.Together with A.A.Tuzhilin
USA,American Mathematical Society.In:Translation ofMathematical Monographs.vol.93,1991.
Topological Classification ofIntegrable Systems.Advances in Soviet Mathematics,vol.6
USA,American Mathematical Society,1991.
Tensor and Vector Analysis: Geometry,Mechanics and Physics.– Taylor and Francis,1988.
Algorithmic and Computer Methods for Three-Manifolds.Together with S.V.Matveev
Kluwer Academic Publishers,The Netherlands,1997.
Topological Modeling for Visualization.Together with T.L.Kunii.– Springer-Verlag,1997.
Modern Geometry. Methods and Applications.Together with B.A.Dubrovin,S.P.Novikov
Springer-Verlag,GTM 93,Part 1,1984;GTM 104,Part 2,1985.Part 3,1990,GTM 124.
The basic elements ofdifferential geometry and topology.Together with S.P.Novikov
Kluwer Acad.Publishers,The Netherlands,1990.
Integrable Hamiltonian Systems: Geometry,Topology,Classification.Together with A.V.Bolsinov
Taylor and Francis,2003.
Empirico-Statistical Analysis ofNarrative Material and its Applications to Historical Dating.
Vol.1:The Development ofthe Statistical Tools.Vol.2:The Analysis ofAncient and Medieval
Records.– Kluwer Academic Publishers.The Netherlands,1994.
Geometrical and Statistical Methods ofAnalysis ofStar Configurations.Dating Ptolemy's
Almagest.Together with V.V Kalashnikov.,G.V.Nosovsky.– CRC-Press,USA,1993.
New Methods ofStatistical Analysis ofHistorical Texts.Applications to Chronology.Antiquity in
the Middle Ages.Greek and Bible History.Vols.1,2,3.– The Edwin Mellen Press.USA.Lewiston.
Queenston.Lampeter,1999.
Mathematical Impressions.–American Mathematical Society,USA,1990.
Contents
Overview ofthe seven volumes....................................................................................................................................................................... ii
About the Author......................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Alsoby Analoly T.Fomenko.............................................................................................................................................................................. v
Are History and Astronomy incompatible?By Béla Lukács........................................................................................... xiii
Ages in Chaos.By Dr.Eugen Gabowitsch........................................................................................................................................... xiv
Preface by A.T.Fomenko..................................................................................................................................................................................... xxiii
From the Publisher................................................................................................................................................................................................. xxxii
Chapter 1 The Middle Ages referred to as the “Antiquity”. Mutual superimposition
of the Second and the Third Roman Empire, both of which become identified
as the respective kingdoms of Israel and Judah
1.Identifying the Second and the Third “ancient”Roman Empire as the same state.
A chronological shift of330 years .................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.A dynastic description ofthe Second and the Third Roman Empire .......................................... 1
1.2.Biographical parallelism between the Second and Third Roman Empires.
The 330-year shift ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7
2.The correlation between two different dating methods illustrated by the
superimposition oftwo epochs from the history ofRoman Papacy one over
the other.A briefscheme ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29
3.The superimposition ofthe Israelite (Theomachist) Kingdom over the Third
Roman Empire in the West.A shift ofcirca 1230 years ............................................................................................. 30
4.Identifying the theocratic Kingdom ofJudah as the Third Roman Empire
in the East.A shift ofcirca 1230 years (short diagram) ............................................................................................. 45
5.Saint Basil the Great in the alleged IVcentury a.d.and his prototype in the
XII century a.d.– Jesus Christ.The resulting shift of820 years ...................................................................... 46
Chapter 2 The famous reform of the Occidental Church in the XI century by “Pope Gregory
Hildebrand” as the reflection of the XII century reforms of Andronicus (Christ).
The Trojan war of the XIII century A.D.
1.“Pope Gregory Hildebrand”from the XI century a.d.as a replica ofJesus
Christ (Andronicus) from the XII century.A chronological shift of100 years.
The Scaligerite chronologists have subsequently moved the life ofChrist
1050 years backwards,into the I century a.d. ..................................................................................................................... 51
chron2 contents | vii
1.1Astronomy in the Gospels .......................................................................................................................................................... 52
1.1.1.The true dating ofthe evangelical eclipse ............................................................................................... 52
1.1.2.The Gospels apparently reflect a sufficiently advanced level ofastronomical
eclipse theories,which contradicts the consensual evangelical history .................... 53
1.2.The Roman John Crescentius ofthe alleged X century a.d.as a reflection ofthe
Evangelical John the Baptist from the XII century a.d.A biographical parallelism .... 57
1.3.“Pope”Gregory VII Hildebrand from the Roman chronicles dated to the
XI century a.d.as the reflection ofJesus Christ (Andronicus) from the
XI century a.d.A biographical parallelism ............................................................................................................ 63
1.4.The Bethlehem Star ofthe alleged I century and the famous supernova
explosion ofcirca 1150 (subsequently shifted to 1054 by the chronologists) ..................... 74
1.5.The Crucifixion ofJesus on Mount Beykos,or the evangelical Golgotha,
which is located outside Constantinople,near the shore ofthe Bosporus ............................. 75
2.Identifying Livy’s “Ancient Imperial Rome”as the Third Roman Empire after
a 1053-year shift .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 80
3.Identifying the Tarquinian war ofthe alleged VI century b.c.as the Gothic war
ofthe alleged VI century a.d.with a 1053-year shift ................................................................................................... 92
4.The parallelism between the Gothic War ofthe alleged VI century and the Nika
rebellion that took place in the same century.No date shift here ................................................................... 107
5.The Trojan war ofthe alleged XIII century b.c.superimposed over the Gothic war
ofthe alleged VI century a.d.after an 1800-year temporal shift forwards ........................................... 111
5.1.The first accounts ofthe Trojan War:their presumed authorship,as well as
geographical and temporal origins ................................................................................................................................. 114
5.1.1.The general conception ofchronological shifts ................................................................................ 114
5.1.2.The strange fate ofHomer’s epic poems ................................................................................................. 115
5.1.3.Dares and Dictis – the “alleged participants”ofthe Trojan War .................................... 117
5.1.4.The mediaeval troubadours and the Franks telling us about
the Trojan War ................................................................................................................................................................... 119
5.1.5.The ruins ofa small mediaeval fortification that Heinrich Schliemann
suggested to refer to as “the remnants ofthe ancient Troy” ................................................ 120
5.2.The tale ofthe Trojan kingdom.A rough comparison ofthe Trojan War
to the Gothic War ............................................................................................................................................................................ 124
5.3.The legend ofa woman and the casus belli ofthe Trojan War .......................................................... 144
5.4.The beginning ofthe war ........................................................................................................................................................ 146
5.5.The fall ofNaples (the “New City”) = the fall ofTroy.The mediaeval
aqueduct and the “ancient”Trojan Horse ................................................................................................................ 150
5.6.The “ancient”Achilles = the “ancient”Valerius.The “ancient”
Patroclus = the “ancient”Brutus ...................................................................................................................................... 156
5.7.The “ancient”Achilles = the mediaeval Belisarius.The “ancient”
Hector = the mediaeval Gothic king Vittigis ........................................................................................................ 158
5.8.The “treason”ofthe “ancient”Achilles = the “treason”ofthe mediaeval Belisarius .... 159
5.9.The “ancient”Troilus = the mediaeval Gothic king Totila.The “ancient”
Paris = the “ancient”Etruscan Larth Porsenna .................................................................................................. 160
5.10.The end ofthe war ....................................................................................................................................................................... 162
5.11.Other legends ofthe Trojan War ..................................................................................................................................... 163
5.12.What is it about the Trojan chronicles that surprises the present day
historians the most? ..................................................................................................................................................................... 169
viii | history:fiction or science?
5.13.How similar are the respective descriptions ofthe Trojan and the Gothic War? ........... 170
5.14.Other erroneous datings ofthe Trojan War ........................................................................................................ 170
5.14.1.Phantom reflection ofthe Trojan War in the alleged III century a.d. ................... 170
5.14.2.The Christian dating ofthe Trojan War ............................................................................................... 171
5.14.3.The datings ofthe Trojan War as offered by Hellanicus and Damastus .............. 172
5.14.4.The Judean dating ofthe Trojan War ..................................................................................................... 172
5.14.5.The Scaligerian dating ofthe Trojan War ........................................................................................... 173
5.15.The table ofheroes who had fought in the XIII century war
(Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic) and their phantom doubles ........................................................... 173
6.The great triad ofkings in Roman history:Sulla,Pompey and Caesar.
The parallelism with the Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic War .............................................................................. 174
7.The rebellion ofSpartacus as a vague and fragmented reflection of
the Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic War ofthe XIII century a.d. ..................................................................... 194
8.A general picture ofthe 1053-year chronological shift .............................................................................................. 200
8.1.The identification ofthe First Roman Empire (Livy's Regal Rome)
as the Third Roman Empire ofthe alleged III-VI century a.d.and
the 1053-year shift ........................................................................................................................................................................... 200
8.2.Identifying the Second Roman Empire as the Holy Roman Empire of
the X-XIII century as well as the Habsburg Empire ofthe XIV-XVII century.
Two shifts – of1053 and 1400 years,respectively ........................................................................................... 200
8.3.Empire ofthe X-XIII century.The parallelism between the X century war
and the “ancient”Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic War ................................................................................ 206
8.4.The “ancient”Second Roman Empire in the X-XII century a.d.and
the XIII-XVII century a.d. .................................................................................................................................................... 209
8.5.Identifying the Third Roman Empire as the Holy Roman Empire of
the X-XIII century as well as the Habsburg Empire ofthe XIV-XVII century.
A 720-year shift and a 1053-year shift ......................................................................................................................... 214
8.6.War ofthe XIII century as the original reflected in the “ancient”
Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic War ............................................................................................................................... 220
Chapter 3 Identifying “ancient” Greece as the mediaeval Greece of the XI-XVI century
with the chronological shift of 1800 years taken into account
1.The Greek and the Biblical chronology ...................................................................................................................................... 231
2.The legend ofa woman (religion?) mortally insulted ................................................................................................. 232
3.The great “ancient”Greek colonization as the mediaeval crusades ............................................................... 236
4.Epoch ofthe tyrants ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 237
5.The Trojan War ofthe XIII century a.d.revisited.The version ofHerodotus.
The mediaeval Charles ofAnjou identified as the Persian king Cyrus ...................................................... 240
6.Mediaeval traces ofthe “ancient”Homer in the XIII-XIV century.
The famous mediaeval Saint-Omer clan ................................................................................................................................... 248
7.The famous rape ofthe Sabine women in the “ancient”Rome and the share-out
ofwives and daughters in early XIV century Greece.The foundation ofRome
in Latinia and later the Italian Rome in the XIV century a.d. ........................................................................... 249
7.1.The rape ofthe Sabines ............................................................................................................................................................... 249
7.2.The “ancient”Romulus and Remus are the grandchildren ofAeneas
the Trojan and the founders ofRome in Latinia.This event apparently reflects
the foundation ofRome in Italy at the end ofthe XIV century a.d. .................................................... 250
chron2 contents | ix
7.3.A partial transplantation ofthe Romean history to the documents
ofItalian Rome from Constantinople in the XIV century a.d. ......................................................... 251
7.4.The original mediaeval tale ofthe foundation ofRome in XIV century
Italy by Romulus and Remus ................................................................................................................................................ 251
7.5.Frederic II ofSicily as the “ancient”Romulus? .................................................................................................... 252
8.The mediaeval Charles ofNaples as the “ancient”King Cambyses ............................................................... 252
9.The mediaeval Frederick ofSicily as the “ancient”king Darius ........................................................................ 253
10.Mediaeval Margaret as the “ancient”Mardonius ........................................................................................................... 254
11.Mediaeval Matilda as the “ancient”Milthiades ............................................................................................................... 256
12.The mediaeval Duke Walther as the “ancient”Xerxes the Great ................................................................... 258
13.The mediaeval 300 knights ofDuke Jean de la Roche as the famous 300 Spartans
ofKing Leonidas ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 261
14.The mediaeval war in Greece of1374-1387 a.d.as the “ancient”Peloponnesian War ......... 264
14.1.The three eclipses described by Thucydides ........................................................................................................ 264
14.2.The congress in Greece.The beginning ofthe war ..................................................................................... 265
14.3.The mediaeval Navarrans as the “ancient”Spartans.The mediaeval
Catalan state in Athens as the “ancient”Athenian state .......................................................................... 267
14.4.The mediaeval Nerio as the “ancient”Lysander.The end of
the Peloponnesian War ............................................................................................................................................................ 267
15.The date ofParthenon's construction,and the reason it was called the Temple
ofSt.Mary ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 269
16.The mediaeval Gemisto Pleton as the “ancient”Plato ............................................................................................. 270
17.The mediaeval despotate ofMystras as the “ancient”Sparta ............................................................................ 272
18.The Turkish Ottoman Empire as the “ancient”Macedon.Sultan Mohammed I
as the “ancient”Philip II .......................................................................................................................................................................... 274
19.The mediaeval siege ofConstantinople (Byzantium) as the “ancient”
siege ofByzantium ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 278
20.The fall ofByzantium as the end of“Classical”Greece in the alleged IV century b.c........... 280
21.Amazingly similar volume graphs of“ancient”and mediaeval Greek “biographies” .............. 294
Chapter 4 The superimposition of the Bible over the phantom and real Eurasian events
of the Middle Ages after a shift of 1800 years
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 297
1.Genesis 1-3.The tale ofAdam and Eve.The fall and the banishment from Eden.
These events ofthe XI-XVI century epoch were initially shifted by the chronologists
into the VIII century b.c. .......................................................................................................................................................................... 301
1.1.The description ofthe parallelism ................................................................................................................................... 301
1.2.Adam and Eve = Paris and Helen = Perseus and Andromeda = Jason and
Medea = St.George and the princess ........................................................................................................................... 307
1.3.The apple shared by Adam and Eve as well as their “ancient”Greek duplicates
Paris and Venus ................................................................................................................................................................................... 314
2.Genesis 4-5.Cain and Abel,the murder ofAbel and the separation ofhumanity
into two nations.These events ofthe XI-XVI century a.d.were initially shifted
to 753-520 b.c.by the chronologists ............................................................................................................................................. 316
3.Genesis 6-9.The corruption ofhumanity.The deluge as punishment.Noah the
Patriarch,the Ark,the Covenant and the Rainbow.These events ofthe XI-XVI century
a.d.were initially shifted to 520-510 b.c.by the chronologists ........................................................................ 317