History and Distribution of Brook Trout in the Appalachian Region of Tennessee

417 Pages·2016·3.71 MB·English

by  Rick Dwain Bivens

UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff TTeennnneesssseeee,, KKnnooxxvviillllee
TTRRAACCEE:: TTeennnneesssseeee RReesseeaarrcchh aanndd CCrreeaattiivvee
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Masters Theses Graduate School
12-1984
HHiissttoorryy aanndd DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn ooff BBrrooookk TTrroouutt iinn tthhee AAppppaallaacchhiiaann RReeggiioonn
ooff TTeennnneesssseeee
Rick Dwain Bivens
University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes
Part of the Life Sciences Commons
RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn
Bivens, Rick Dwain, "History and Distribution of Brook Trout in the Appalachian Region of Tennessee. "
Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1984.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2526
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and
Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE:
Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected].
To the Graduate Council:
I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Rick Dwain Bivens entitled "History and Distribution
of Brook Trout in the Appalachian Region of Tennessee." I have examined the final electronic
copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Wildlife and Fisheries
Science.
Richard J. Strange, Major Professor
We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance:
Douglas C. Peterson, David A. Etnier
Accepted for the Council:
Carolyn R. Hodges
Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School
(Original signatures are on file with official student records.)
Tot eh Gardauet Cuocnil:
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enttilde 1H1istoyr adn Dsitruitbni oofB orok Torut in et Ahpplaacihna
Rgeino ofT enensse.e11 I haev examinedt eh final yc oofpt hsi tehsis
fofro rma dn coentntad n reocmmnedt haittb ea ccteepdi np artial
fulfilmlentof t eh reqiuermentfsor teh dergeeo fM aesrto fS ciecne,
witha maojri nW lildief adn FiesriheSsci een.c
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HISYT AONRDDIS TRITBIUNO OFB ROK TOROUITNT HE
APPALAICAHRNGE INO OTFE ENSNESE
A Tehsis
Peresntfeord t eh
Masetro fS ceince
Degere
TheU nievsriyt ofT ennees,sK eonxvlil e
RcikD wianB viens
Demcbee1r89 4
ACKNOEWDLMGEETNS
Mayn peolpeh avceo nbturtiteodt eh copmeltoino ft hist ehsi.s
sniceelrayp epcirtaet hep aetniec,a vdiec,e ncaoeguemrn,ta nd
I
unedsratnndgio fm ym aojrp orfeosrsD,.r Rcihda Jr.S trgaen.I w olud
aslol kiet ot hnakm yo thceormm ittemee mrbs,eD .r DvaiAd. E ntire
anMd.r DuoglCa.sP eertosnf otrh er ciooapteinr aondis nturcotni.
Spceiatlh anakers e xtednedt os evaelpr oepel. Daen sEe,ln
fsiehribeiso glitos for thUe. S .F oersSte rv,iw caesis nturemnatli n
obatingi infnomratni oonF oreSsevtrci es termas.G enWeht iwrotfhor
teh usoef h si feilndo taensm dap .s TiBmr oeantdb,f siheersbi oiol­
gits fotrh Neta oinla ParSkev riec,s uppilde ifnomratoina sw el la s
hepledi nf eilcdo lelcitnos Notanoi nla Parskte rmas.D ougalsC .
PteersaonnLd . P rcie lWikisn,f siehribeisoo glsitfsor thTeen nseese
WlildfieR esoruceAsg eyn,fc otreh ri coopaertni,os uoptrp,a ncdmo ­
menotsnt hep orjce.t B.E .W ilosn,T WREAwr in Hacthreym anear,gf or
ifnormatino anhde pl ifnei lcdo lelcotni.s AalnP ol ka nDda vReot u­
ldegfeo treh ri helpi nf ide clolelcotni.s GordoSnol aB,n. fe sieh­r
ise biooglits for thUe. S .F orets Sevriec,f or sulpypnigr epoarntds
map,as nJde aen Rn.H ars,so oftn hNeta oianlP arSkev riec,f oirf no­r
maitno onN tainoaPla kr stera.m sTiem anpda etnicoefJ oyQcuei kcle
fotry ipgn thmean ucsrpito ft haep npdeiixsg eratlayp epciraet.d
Finlaylm,y m ots herateftl apepcraitoing oetsom yw ifeN ora
for her paetnic,s epuptor,a nedn croaumgeendtur intgh ceo suero f
thsi porjec.t
i i
ABTSARCT
Borotkor ut (aSvleinlufson tniail)spolptauoinhsa vbee en
deicilngn int hes otuheArpnap alcahniasn eds cpeilayli nT ensnesee
snic1e0 9.0 Toa sesstsh els oso fr nagoef t hiss otuhrent ortu,
vaoruiasg neciheasv ievn eonrteidm osotft hmea ojrt orustt ermasi n
Tenensseoevr e teh pas1t0y eras.T od aet,h owerv,te hessruev eys
haev remieandd siujncatn di ns moec asoevse arplnp.gi
Survye repoarntdse dlf diatoaf obortkor uitv neonrtimeasd e
form1 794t o1 894w eree xanmedi tod etmeinret hceru erndti rsbitutino
in nTeeesn.es Borok toructru rnetliyhn atb 2i7.56k liomertsei n1 53
staremsfo unid ne giheta sTte nnecsousnete.i eBsorotkor ut occur
allpoaitrclayl 1i59n.7 kliomteersa nsdmy ptarcialyl withr ainobw
torut( Saol gmairdrneia)n di ns moec asbeorsw nt orut( Saol tmru)t ta
ina onth7e.r99 k liomertse.D unrgit hce osuero f trheeecn stru vyes,
32p ervisoluyd oumcneuntsetedra mwser ef ountdo h avbeor ok torut
ppoultaiso.n
Brotoorkut in nTneseesaeer genaellryr elegtaedto t hel ses
opmtuimh atbaiotf asllm haedwteasr termasa obv9e2 m5e teerelsv aotni.
Thessteer amussa ullyh avseo fwtat er,l wo fertiliyt,a dn aer silhgtly
acdici. Egihyt-fvies eelcetdb orok torustt eramhsa ad m eapnHv aule
of6 .8 witha rang5e.2 to7 .5T.h mee apne rcgearndtei notf t he
borok toruts etcoinosf 8 0s eeltcesd teramwsas 1.0%0 witha rnagoef
3.0 to2 .30%.B rootkr ocuotlel cetdd unrgit hseu tyd peordif orm4 1
stermash aadn o vaelrlm eant otl lanegtohf1 15.m5il ilemetsr,w eihgt
of4 .55g arm,sa ncdo dnitoinf acto(r)K of1 1.. 2
i i i
iv
Brotorko nuwot o ccyu apne stmiaetd2 0t o3 %0 oft hierf ormer
1090r agne.H aibtadte griaodnfa ortmp asatn pder sednetev olpemnt
porejcst,l gognig,f oersftir es,u nerglauetdh arevst,a nidn trotdinuo c
ofe xiocts aolnimds epcise havseee verlryde udc tehbeo rotkor utto
itsp ersernatn agned dsi tibruotni.M osto ft hels os opabrbly
occruerdi nt heea r1l09y0 1,S btu rceenstru veypsor vet hatth e
porecsis so nogni.g Cuernrlts oesso f obortkor ut polptuaionaser
atitbreudtm ailnyt ot heen occarhemnt roainfb otwor uats w el la s
steradme gartaoid.n Only3 %3 otfh ceru ernto obkro utstrt eramaser
knotwonh avwea trefal blrareirtsh ta rsetirctt hue psetmar moveenmt
ofr aibnowt oru.t
Datoan2 31 crurentp,r veiuos,a dn ree-stlasihbeodr r neoveadt
brotoorku stt erasm arep erseendit na pepnidxf ormi nt hsi thseis.
TABLOEF C ONETNTS
CAHPTER Paeg
I. ITNROUDTCOIN
I Il Ev1.T HODS 7
III. R ESSU LT 15
I.V DICSSUSION 31
LITS OFR EFERENCES 41
APPEDNXIE.S . 49
AppeinxAd . SteramDse cprtionis
so
Appnedxi B. TogpropahicMaapls. 398
Apepnxd iCS.el ectSetde ramC hraacertsitcis 410
VIAT . . . . . 480
v
LISTO FT ABLES
TABLE Page
1 .C ruernDtsi tbruiitno ofB orok TroiutnT ennessee
Steram,sE elvtaoinW hreeF onud,a nPdo lptuaino
Steraemlngt.hs. . . ... . . 16
2.T ennessDesieti brtuino ofN tavieB orok ToruPto up­
ltainosb yC onuyt adn LanOdw nrehsi.p . 23
3.C ruernTten neeseDs sitbrtuiioonfN avteiB orok
ToruPtpo ulianots by OLwnaesnrhpdi 24
4.N umboefBr or oTkor uStt ermasa nPde rcoefnT tot al
Numrb oefB roToorku Stt ermasT haHta vFeu nicnotal
Barerris. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. . . 26
5.M eanT otl aLetnhgW,e ihg,t anCdo fecifineto fC no­
dtioin( )K forB oroTkr ouitnT ennseesSet erams 28
6.L sito fS teramtsh aCtru rtenlHya vBeor ok Torut
Polptuaoin,sT haHta Bdor oTkor uti nt heL ate
169'0s,o rH avUen derRgenovontaei no Effotrot s
Re-estiahbs Blorok Trto u . . . .. . .. 51
.
7.L sito fT VaA nUdS GTSoo pgarhpic7a.lM5 in uet
Quaadnreg MlapUses di n iTsRh epotr . . . . . 399
8.S eelctPeydhsi acl aCnhmdeic aClh arascittsce orfi
BoroTkr oSutte ramisn T ennesese. .. . . .. 420
vi
CAHPTEI R
ITNORDTUCINO
Thte opaopgyhr ofT ennesisesae om nsgo moef t eh mostv aerdi
int eh UniteSdt east.I te cnopmasss seevaelmr aojrg oeolgiacla nd
pyhsigoarpihaclp orvnicersag nign forms wam,p lywolandv erbrio tmtso
int eh westt ot eh ApplcaahainM outnaisn int he .e ast
Arsiign inN eowfudnlnad,t eh Appaalhcina Mounaitsn havae
noretah-sstuotwhesto reinattni aodn temrinaet inn otrhne Aralabm,a
Gerogai,a nSdo tuhC aoriln.a Thes otuhren pAalpcahainwser ea tt he
edgoef P lseoticegnle aactini aonadt lhouugnhagc laietd,t hebo ita
haesx peenrcitehdee ff ectosf g lcaitaino. Thise ffetc habse eann
alomscto mlpteee cooglcial iosaltoino fm ayn palnatn adn ailms peec.si
Somseep csi aeer founndwo hreee slei nt hweo rlda dn othearers a t
teh exetmritieosft ehirra ng(reBo ok17s9 )1.
Thpe otrino oft hse otuhne ArppalcahainM ounaitsn inT ennseese
isc allde thUen ask.a Thye aer vae yr anicnetr anogfem onuatnis
anpda ernmta treaili sP ercbamrainr okcst haater comomnlym emtoarpihc
sltae,p yhlltie,a nsdhc its (iMllre 1794).W iithnt hUe naRknaag e
smoeo ft eh moer porminemnoutna itsn aer thUen icoMio uinstn iant he
sou,tt hhGer eSamtko yM onuatinisnt hmedi del,a ntdh Set oMnoue natisn,
HolsotnM onuatisn,a dn IornM ounatisn ttoh neo r.t Thheaseer r ugged
monuatisn,c ahartcereidbz ys etefpo rteesdso lpe,c sersetdr dige, s
andde e,np aorwrv allye.s Theareer s evle preaaokvse 1r8, 2m9e ters
(,6000fee t)e elvatoinm easne lav eel(sm l)a ntdeh hgiehsptoi tn in