History and Chronicles in Late Medieval Iberia: Representations of Wamba in Late Medieval Narrative Histories PDF
Preview History and Chronicles in Late Medieval Iberia: Representations of Wamba in Late Medieval Narrative Histories
History and Chronicles in Late Medieval Iberia Later Medieval Europe Managing Editor Douglas Biggs University of Nebraska – Kearney Editorial Board Members Kelly DeVries Loyola College William Chester Jordan Princeton University Cynthia J. Neville Dalhousie University Kathryn L. Reyerson University of Minnesota VOLUME 7 History and Chronicles in Late Medieval Iberia Representations of Wamba in Late Medieval Narrative Histories By Aengus Ward LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 Front cover illustration: King Wamba speaks to Archbishop Quiricus of Toledo as the Archbishop presides over the XI Council of Toledo (675), Notule de primatu, nobilitate et dominio Ecclesiae Toletanae (1253), Biblioteca Nacional de España, Fondos Reservados Vitrina 15-5, fol. 8r. With kind permission of the Biblioteca Nacional-Madrid. Back cover illustration: Detail from the Western facade of the church of Santa María de Wamba, Valladolid © G. Freihalter (http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Wamba_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa _Westfassade1200.JPG&filetimestamp=20100715131511) This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ward, Aengus. History and chronicles in late medieval Iberia : representations of Wamba in late medieval narrative histories / by Aengus Ward. p. cm. — (Later medieval Europe, ISSN 1872-7875 ; v. 7) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-20272-6 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Wamba, King of the Visigoths, d. 687 or 8 2. Spain—History—Gothic period, 414-711—Historiography. 3. Portugal—History—Gothic period, 414-711—Historiography. 4. Visigoths—Spain—Historiography. 5. Visigoths—Portugal—Historiography. I. Title. DP96.W36W37 2011 946’.01—dc22 2011001062 ISSN 1872-7875 ISBN 978 90 04 20272 6 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. contents v Contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction 1 1 time Past, present and future 10 2 truth, trustworthiness and legitimation 13 3 Representation and the content of chronicles 15 4 narrative 18 Chapter one: Context of Composition: Wamba in context(s) 21 Chronicon Mundi 22 Historia Gothica, (1243/47) 27 Estoria de Espanna (primitiva 1270) 31 Estoria de Espanna (enmendada 1274) 37 Estoria de Espanna (versión crítica 1282) 38 Liber Regum 40 Libro de las Generaciones 43 Estoria delos godos 46 Sumario analístico de la Historia Gothica 50 Toledano romanzado (1400?) 53 Estoria del fecho de los godos 54 Crónica de Espanha de 1344a 56 Crónica de Espanha de 1344b 59 Arreglo toledano de la Crónica de 1344 62 Grant Crónica de Espayna de Juan Fernández de Heredia 65 Crónica d’Espayña de García de Eugui 68 textual relations: 70 Chapter two: Wamba in history, the history of Wamba I narration and compilation 73 Chapter Three: Wamba in history, the history of Wamba II The detail of history 107 Lucas de tuy, Chronicon Mundi 108 Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, Historia Gothica 117 Alfonso X el sabio, Estoria de Espanna 124 vi contents The navarrese tradition: the Liber Regum and the Libro de las generaciones 135 translations of the Historia Gothica 139 Wamba in Portugual 146 Crónica de Espanha de 1344a 146 Crónica de Espanha de 1344b 148 navarre and Aragon: Wamba reclaimed 155 Crónica d’Espayña de Garcia de Eugui 155 Chapter Four: History in the making: text, context and the dynamics of medieval chronicles 161 The past in the present, the present in the past 162 Re-writing the past: 1 Loci of historiographical action 174 origins of Wamba and his right to rule 174 The relationship between king, people and patria: the nature of kingship 175 Law giving 176 Papal authority, divine inspiration and the role of the Church 178 Re-writing the past: 2 techniques 179 Appropriation and naturalisation 179 Abbreviation, imbrication, substitution, displacement, suppression and addition 180 Direct speech 181 textual organization 183 Wamba and the discourse of medieval chronicles 183 Genealogies of texts 186 structuring devices time past, present and future: 187 truth, trustworthiness and authenticity; representation, legitimation and content 191 Language, prose and narrative 195 Conclusion 198 Bibliography 209 Index 215 acknowledgements vii ACKnoWLeDGeMents In the course of researching and writing this book I have benefited from the help and wisdom of many colleagues and friends In the first instance, I would like to thank my colleagues in the Department of Hispanic studies, the school of Languages Cultures, Art History and Music and the Centre for the study of the Middle Ages at the University of Birmingham I had the good fortune to take advantage of a period of study leave from the University in the autumn of 2006 and again in the spring of 2009 These periods of quiet reflection and furious writing are a tribute to a university sys- tem that values the production of research which may not have an immediate economic benefit but which reflects favourably on the general academic and cultural environment I owe a particular debt of gratitude to Georges Martin and Carlos Heusch for inviting me to spend a month in the wonderful academic surroundings of the École normale supérieure in Lyon in 2007 The collaborative scientific atmosphere is a marvel to behold The activi- ties of the sIReM (after 2009 the sIReM-AILP) are a tribute to the CnRs as well as to those involved, and an inspiration to all those for whom the humanities remain important I would also like to thank Denis Menjot for the opportunity to speak at the autumn gathering of the CIHAM in Lyon in november 2007 In particular I would like to thank Irene García salvo, nélida Michaud, Laura Puerto and Jaime Avila-Martínez for their compan- ionship and insights into a wide range of topics, by no means all of which had a bearing on aspects of medieval Iberia The material employed in my studies of late medieval Iberia derives primarily from a range of libraries and archives The staff of the Biblioteca nacional de españa, of the Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de san Lorenzo de el escorial and of the Biblioteca Menéndez y Pelayo were especially helpful in tracking down manu- scripts A particularly large debt is owed to Inés Fernández-ordóñez who, in a busy academic career the output of which puts most of the rest of us to shame, still found the time to aid my pursuit of the salamanca manuscript of the version crítica of the Estoria de Espanna and respond generously to many other queries besides John o’neill viii acknowledgements of the Hispanic society of America, the late Diego Catalán and enrique Jerez Cabrero also helped greatly in tracing manuscripts and other related material I have also profited greatly from the wisdom and help of Manolo Hijano Villegas, Juan Carlos Conde and the late Alan Deyermond especial mention must go to Leonardo Funes, whose wisdom is matched only by his good-natured generosity I have also had the opportunity to explore my thoughts in the con- text of various colloquia and conferences I would therefore like to mark my appreciation to those who attended the talks I gave at the International Medieval Congress at the University of Western Michigan in 2009; the Medieval History seminar at the University of Birmingham in 2010 and the colloquium Construir la identidad en la Edad Media Poder y memoria en la Castilla de los siglos VII a XV in Cuenca in 2007 and also to the organisers of these sessions, simon Doubleday, Christina Pössel and José Antonio Jara Fuente respec- tively early drafts of parts of this work were read by Mónica Jato, Frank Lough and Antonio sánchez; my thanks to all three for their sensible observations, wit and intelligence I am especially grateful to the anonymous external reader for Brill whose comments will have saved me from (at least some) embarrassment and which will have improved the book enormously Any remaining flaws are of course my responsibility Particular thanks are due to the highly professional staff at Brill, especially Julian Deahl, Gera van Bedaf and Marcella Mulder, whose patience in replying to a barrage of questions knew no bounds I would like to express my gratitude to several friends whose knowledge of medieval Iberia may not be extensive, but who in a variety of ways, in term time and study leave, helped me complete this book; they are: Adrian Hunt, Graeme Murdock, Mary o’neill, Frank Hayes, Karen Kenworthy, Bárbara Bordalejo and Craig Blunt Finally, and most importantly, to solange, Lois and sé who were forced to live with a seventh-century Iberian king for years, and with- out whom there be no book, and life would have no meaning
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