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HISTORICAL ROMANCE LINGUISTICS AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE General Editor E.F.K. KOERNER (Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Typologie und Universalienforschung, Berlin) Series IV – CURRENT ISSUES IN LINGUISTIC THEORY Advisory Editorial Board Lyle Campbell (Salt Lake City); Sheila Embleton (Toronto) Brian D. Joseph (Columbus, Ohio); John E. Joseph (Edinburgh) Manfred Krifka (Berlin); E. Wyn Roberts (Vancouver, B.C.) Joseph C. Salmons (Madison, Wis.); Hans-Jürgen Sasse (Köln) Volume 274 Randall S. Gess and Deborah Arteaga (eds.) Historical Romance Linguistics: Retrospective and perspectives HISTORICAL ROMANCE LINGUISTICS RETROSPECTIVE AND PERSPECTIVES Edited by RANDALL S. GESS University of Utah DEBORAH ARTEAGA University of Nevada JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY AMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIA �� The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National � Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Historical Romance Linguistics : Retrospective and perspectives / edited by Randall S. Gess and Deborah Arteaga. p. cm. -- (Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series IV, Current issues in linguistic theory, ISSN 0304-0763 ; v. 274) Includes bibliographical references and index. . Romance languages--History. I. Gess, Randall Scott, 963- II. Arteaga, Deborah L. III. Series. PC45.H57 2006 440.09--dc22 2006042755 ISBN 90 272 4788 9 (Hb; alk. paper) © 2006 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. • P.O.Box 36224 • 020 ME Amsterdam • The Netherlands John Benjamins North America • P.O.Box 2759 • Philadelphia PA 98-059 • USA CONTENTS Editors’ Foreword Randall Gess & Deborah Arteaga vii Introduction: From Romance Philology to (Historical) Romance Linguistics? Jürgen Klausenburger 1 Part I: Phonology Systemic Contrast and the Diachrony of Spanish Sibilant Voicing Travis G. Bradley & Ann Marie Delforge 19 The Myth of Phonologically Distinctive Vowel Length in Renaissance French Randall Gess 53 Glide Strengthening in French and Spanish and the Formal Representation of Affricates Haike Jacobs & Robbie van Gerwen 77 Rhythm and Prosodic Change Michael L. Mazzola 97 Contrast Preservation Theory and Historical Change Jean-Pierre Montreuil 111 On the Phonetics of Rhymes in Classical and Pre-Classical French: A Sociolinguistic Perspective Yves Charles Morin 131 Is the ‘Word’ Still a Phonological Unit in French? Evidence from Verlan Douglas C. Walker 163 Part II: Morphology Proclisis and Enclisis of Object Pronouns at the Turn of the 17th Century: The Speech of the Future Louis XIIIth Paul Hirschbühler & Marie Labelle 187 The Emergence of Marked Structures in the Integration of Loans in Italian Lori Repetti 209 On the Life and (Near) Death of a Morphophoneme Margaret Winters 237 German Influence in Romanian Wiecher Zwanenburg 253 vi CONTENTS Part III: Syntax Il Était une Fois: Diachronic Development of Expletives, Case, and Agreement from Latin to Modern French Deborah Arteaga & Julia Herschensohn 269 ‘Synthetic’ vs. ‘Analytic’ in Romance: The Importance of Varieties Brigitte L. M. Bauer 287 Intra-System Variability and Change in Nominal and Verbal Morphology Barbara E. Bullock & Almeida Jacqueline Toribio 305 Aspects of Infinitival Constructions in the History of Portuguese Ana Maria Martins 327 Morphosyntactic Functions of Italian Reflexive si: A Grammaticalization Analysis Cinzia Russi 357 From Adverb to Discourse Marker and Beyond: The Status of là in Franco-American French Jane S. Smith 375 General Index 389 EDITORS’ FOREWORD In February, 2003, the editors of this volume, former students of Jürgen Klausenburger, put out the following call for papers. As former students of Jürgen Klausenburger, we are planning a volume dedicated to him, entitled Historical Romance Linguistics: Retrospective and Perspectives, and we are writing to invite you to submit an article for inclusion in the volume. It is not a festschrift per se, as Jürgen Klausenburger is aware of the project, and has agreed to provide the “retrospective” referred to in the title; moreover, the volume will be refereed. It is not necessary that you know Professor Klausenburger personally in order to contribute to the volume. If you do not know him, our invitation to you is simply a reflection of our admiration of your work on diachronic Romance. Professor Klausenburger’s retrospective will include references to contributions in the volume, and how they fit into the overall development of the field of historical Romance linguistics over the past thirty years or so, as he sees it. In the volume, we intend to include a broad range of theoretical perspectives, and we hope to include work on a wide variety of Romance languages. We are looking for substantial studies, not previously published, on the historical development of one or more Romance varieties that contribute to linguistic inquiry in one or more of the following ways: • by investigating cognitive, functional and/or sociolinguistic constraints on the historical development of language systems. • by informing current theoretical models of language and/or lan- guage change, including models of grammaticalization. • by enhancing our understanding of specific language systems of the past, related to either their structure or use. In reflecting now on the outcome of this project, for which we cast a fairly broad net, it is clear to us that our original goals have met with great success. The reader will see that each of the accepted contributions, which underwent a two-stage review process, indeed conforms to our request that it inform linguistic inquiry in one or more of the ways mentioned above. In 1972, Yakov Malkiel wrote that the decisive issue in Romance linguistics will be “the ability of the pacesetters to rejuvenate the methodology, to set new goals (clearly defined and attractive to talented, ambitious workers), and to re-establish a much-needed rapport with general linguistics” (1972:835). In his final paper for a Romance Linguistics course with Klausenburger in the winter of 1993, Gess argued that Malkiel’s goals had been met with “some success,” but lamented the dearth of research into diachronic research, viii EDITORS’ FOREWORD expressing the hope that this lack would be remedied in future. The present volume is intended in part as a contribution to such a remedy. The studies in the current volume represent well an established rapport with general linguistics, while at the same time focusing on diachronic issues. As such, it is interesting to consider how this volume stands with respect to Malkiel’s (1961) first definition of Romance linguistics, according to which the field has a primary allegiance to general linguistics and is only valid diachronically. This definition, considered “classic” by Klausenburger (2001), has largely supplanted Malkiel’s other two definitions of Romance linguistics (the second involving the application of analytical methodologies originally acquired through the study of Romance languages to non-Romance data; and the third referring to the analysis of Romance languages by persons who are themselves of Romance background, which may entail a “national style of doing linguistics.”). At the same time, the field of Romance Linguistics has witnessed the growing importance and eventual dominance of synchronic studies at the expense of diachronic studies. The focus on diachrony in this volume, then, contributes to an as yet modest (but hopefully growing) resurg- ence of the importance of historical studies outlined in Malkiel’s first definition of Romance linguistics. Whether diachrony will ever completely reassume its definitional status in Romance linguistics remains to be seen. Since the conception of this project, major life events (both positive and negative) have imposed themselves at various points along the way. We would like to thank the contributors for their willingness to participate in this project, and for their assistance in helping it come to fruition. In closing, and as promised in our original call for contributions, we dedicate this volume to Jürgen Klausenburger, whom we admire and respect greatly. REFERENCES Klausenburger, Jürgen. 2001. Coursebook in Romance Linguistics. Munich: Lincolm. Malkiel, Yakov. 1961. “Three definitions of Romance linguistics”. Romance Philology 15.1-7. Malkiel, Yakov. 1972. “Comparative Romance linguistics”. Current Trends in Linguistics, ed. by Thomas E. Sebeok, vol. IX: Linguistics in Western Europe, 835-925. The Hague: Mouton. INTRODUCTION FROM ROMANCE PHILOLOGY TO (HISTORICAL) ROMANCE LINGUISTICS? JURGEN KLAUSENBURGER University of Washington I summarize the contributions of this volume and situate them within the discipline of Romance linguistics at the beginning of the 21st century. The papers exemplify the major Romance languages, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian, and they deal with all levels of linguistic analysis, phonology, morphology, and syntax. My review groups the essays into clusters, determined by subject matter. In phonology, the split concerns the history of vowel length in French, incarnations of Optimality Theory, and the role of prosody. In morphology, I consider the themes of ‘variation’, loanword morphology, and morphophonology. Finally, the syntax section deals with grammatic-alization and the Minimalist Program. Globally, I integrate the work reflected in these papers into a continuation of the ‘classical’ definition of Romance linguistics: they actively participate in current theoretical advances, in the same way that 19th-century Romance linguistics and philology represented the dominant Neogrammarian paradigm of the time. 0. Introduction The purpose of these introductory comments is three-fold. First, I will examine the contributions of this volume in the context of recent work in Romance linguistics, specifically in the past thirty years. Second, I will briefly trace the historical grounding of such research back to the origins of the discipline in the 19th century. Finally, I will attempt to construct a workable definition of Romance linguistics for the 21st century. This introduction may be visually outlined as in the following schema: History of Romance Linguistics Current work Definition of field (19th / 20th c.) (ca. last 30+ years) (today / tomorrow) Papers of this volume It is therefore necessary to begin with brief sections on aspects of Romance linguistics in general, showing their relevance for an understanding of the contents of the papers contained in this volume.

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