Table Of Content

HisotricPaali ntTiencgh niques, Materiaandl sS,t udPiorc atice PUBLICATICOONOSR DINATIODNi:n ahB erland EDITIN&G PRODUCTIOCNO ORDINATIOCNo:r innLei ghtweaver EDITORICAOLN SULTATIOJNoH: i ll COVERD ESIGNJ:a ckieG allagher-Lange PRODUCTIO&N P RINTINAGl:l ePnr esIsn,c .L,a wrencKea,n sas SYMPOSIUOMR GANIZERS: ErmaH ermensA,r tH istoIrnys titouftt eh eU niversoiftL ye iden MarjPae ekC,e ntrRaels earLcahb oratfoorryO bjecotfsA rta ndS cience, Amsterdam © 1995b yT heJ .P aulG ettTyr ust Allr ighrtess erved Printiendt heU niteSdt atoefsA merica ISBN0 -89236-322-3 TheG ettCyo nservatIinosnt itiusct oem mittteodt hep reservaotfi on cultuhrearli tawgoer ldwiTdhee.I nstitsueteekt so a dvancsec ientiRc knowledagned p rofessipornaaclt iacnedt or aispeu bliacw areneosfs conservatTihorno.u grhe seartcrha,i nidnogc,u mentateixocnh,a nogfe informatainodnR ,e Ipdr ojectthseI, n stitaudtder essiesss ureesl atteod thec onservaotfim ouns eumo bjecatnsd a rchicvoalll ections, archaeolomgoincuamle ntasn ds iteasn,dh istobrUiicl dianngdsc ities. TheI nstitiusat neo peratpinrgo graomf t heJ .P aulG ettTyr ust. COVERI LLUSTRATION GherardCoi bo",C olchicfoo,l"i1 o7 ro fH erbariucma,.1 570C.o urtesy oft heB ritiLsihb rary. FRONTISPIECE Detaiflr omJ anB aptisCtoel laeCrotl,o Orl iv1i5,6 6-162A8f.t er JohannSetsr adanCuosu.r teosfyt heR ijksmuseum-Stichting, Amsterdam. LibraorfyC ongreCsast aloguing-in-PuDbaltiac ation Historipcaailn titnegc hniques, maatnedsr tiuadlipsor, a cti:c e preprionfta s s ymposiu[mh eladt ]U niversoifLt eyi detnh,e Netherlan2d6s-,2 J9u ne1 99/5 editebdyA riWea llerEtr,m a Hermensa,n dM arjPae ek. p. cm. Includbeisb liograprheifcearle nces. ISBN0 -89236-32(2p-b3k .) 1.P aintiTnegc-nhiques-Congre2s.sA erst.i smtast'e rials- -Congres3s.eP so.l ychromy-CongresIs.We asl.l erAtr,i e, 1950- IIH.e rmensE,r ma,1 958-.I IIP.e ekM,a rja1,9 61- ND1500.H571 995 751.'0 9-dc20 95-9805 CIP Seconpdr inti1n9g9 6 iv Contents vii Foreword viii Preface 1 LesliAe.C arlylBee,y oanC do llecotfDi aotnaW :h aWte C an Learnf roDmo cumenStoauryr ocneA sr tiMsattse'r ainadl s Techniques 6 SylvaBnaar retDtu,s anC .S tuliAkn,I ntegrAaptperdo afcothrh e StudoyfP aintTiencgh niques 12 HelenG lanvilVlaern,i sGhr,o unVdise,w iDnigs taanncde , LightSionmgNe:o teosnS eventeenth-Century Italian Painting Technique 20 AnnM assinFgr, oBmo okosfS ecrteoEt nsc ylopPeadiinatsi:n g TechniiqnFu raensc bee twe1e6n0a 0n d1 800 30 SallAy. W oodcockT,he R oberAsrocnh ive: aCnodn tent Significance 38 ArieW allerLti,b rSoe conddoe D iverCsoil orei S isdea M etterae Oro:A Fifteenth-TCeecnhtnuTirrcyea alto inMs aen USCript Illumination 48 ErmaH ermensA, S eventeenthI-tCaelTnirtaeunar toyin s e MiniatPuarien tainndIg t Asu thor(s) 58 BeatFee derspiQeule,s tiaobnosuM te dieGveaslsG or ounds 65 RenatWeo udhuysenl-lKeeArs,e pctosfP aintTiencgh niiqntu hee Useo fV erdiagnrdCi osp pReers inate 70 JosephiAn.eD arra,hC onnectainodCn osi ncidTehnrceees : Pigments 78 KateI .D uffyJ,a ckAi. E lgaAr,n I nvestiogfPa atlieoatnnt dCe o lor NotatiUosnetsdoC reaatS ee otf T ibeTtahann gkas 85 ZuzanSak alvoa,N ewE videfnoctreh Mee diePvraold ucotfi on Icoinnst hNei lVea lley 91 HelenC .H owardT,e chnioqftu heReso manesaqnudGe o thWiacl l Paintiinnt ghHseo lSye pulCchharpee Wli,n cheCsattehre dral 105 EddieS inclaTiherP, olychroofEm xye taenrdS alisbury CathedAr Parlesl:i mCionmaprya rison 111 AndreRao theA,n drMeaan tegAndao'rast ioofnt heM agi 117 UlricBhi rkmaiAerri,eW allerAtn,d reRao theT,e chnical ExaminaotfiT otinisaV ne'nsus a ndA doniAs: N otoen E arly ItalOiiaPlna intTiencgh nique 127 CatheriAn.eM etzgeBra,r barHa. BerriGee, raDradv iSdt'.s AnneA ltarpiEecvei:d efnocWreo rkshPoapr ticipation v 135 MollFya rieCsh,r isSttae inbucahnedlJ ,. R .J .v anA speredne Boe,rM aartveannH eemskearncdJk a nv anS corHeala'rsl em Workshop 140 E.M elaniGei fforSdt,y alnedT echniiqnDu uet cLha ndscape Paintiintn hg1e 6 20s 148 J¢rgeWna dum,J ohanVneersm e(e1r6 32-1a6n7dH5 i)sU seo f Perspective 155 IlzPeo rietDea,c eC holderAe T, echnSitcuadolyf t hMea terials andM ethoUdsse bdy t hPea intoeftr hsLe a tviCahnu rcihnet sh e SeventCeeennttuhr y 158 MelisRs.aK atzW,i lliHaoml maHnu natn dt h«eP re-Raphaelite Technique" 166 JoK irbyA,s hokR oy,P auDle laroAc Chaes:Se t udoyfA cademic Painting 176 JoycHe. T ownsned,P aintTiencgh niaqnudMe ast erioaflT su rner andO theBrri tiAsrht i1s7t7s5 -1875 186 StepheHna ckneAy,r t AfrotrS' ask Teh:e M aterainadl s TechnioqfJu aemse Msc NeiWlhli st(l1e8r3 4-1903) 191 JohnR .G ayerP,a intoinan P gh otogrSaupbhsitcrN aottee:s RegardMiantge riaanldsT echnioqvueetrsh P ea s1t0 0Y ears 196 Ernsvta nd eW eterinRge,fl ectoino ntRshe el atbieotnw een TechniaqnudSe t yTlehe:U seo ft hPea lebtytt eh See venteenth CentuPrayi nter 204 IndeoxfC ontributors vi Foreword Oneo ft hefi rsetv entosr ganizbeytd h eG ettCyo nservatIinosnt itaust e itb egani tasc tiviatbioeustt e ny earasg ow asa symposiuomn paintings conservatWieo fne.l att t hatti met haotu rp articualpaprr oacbha,s eodn multipdlies cipllionoeksi antga singplreo blecmo,u lcdo ntribute signifi canttlyot hef ielodfc onservatOivoenrt. h ec oursoef t hep asyte arwse havec ontinuteodd eveloipnt hadti rectainodnw itht habte liesfoi, t i s particulaaprplryo pritaost eee t hesiem portapnrte pricnotmse t ol ight for theU niversoifLt eyi dens'ysm posium. Theh istoorfyp aintitnegc hniqiuseb sy n aturae m ultidiSCipalrienaa ry ofs tudcyo,m binirnegs earicnhs ciencceo,n servatainodan r,t h istoarsy well sapse ciefixcp ertiinsp ea intinMgesm.b erosf e acho neo ft hese pro fessibornisn tgot hea retah eiorw nd etaiklneodw ledignea rtismtast'e rials, techniquoersm ,e thodwsh,e theirtb ei nformatsipoenc itfiocp igments, bindimnegd ias,i gnatsutryel oer,a rchirveasle arch. Thef ieolfdh istoorfpy a intitnegc hniqhuaesbs e ene volvivnegrr ya pidly inr ecenyte arasn do peninegn ormouosp portuniftoirfe usr threers earch andc onnOisseurassth hiipis,m portagnrto uopf p aperdse monstraNtoets . onlsyc ientific omfee txhaomdisn atbiuotan l sboi bliograapnhdia craclh ival researacrhem akinsgi gnificcaonntt ributions. Thea uthoorfst hesper epribnrtisn ag w idea rraoyf e xperktn owledge asw elals m anyf respho intosfv iewt haatr ec ertationp rovoksee rious questioannsd d ebatTeh.e editors-AWrailel erEtr,m aH ermensa,n d MarjPae ek-havaes sembltehdi vso lumwei tah mosti nSighatpfpurlo ach andf ocuSso. iti sw itha greadte aolf s atisfaacntdip olne asutrhea wte presetnhte spea perfso rt hes tuday,n de njoymenotfa, fascinaatnidn g challengfiinegl d. MigueAln geClo rzo,D irector TheG ettCyo nservatIinosnt itute vii Preface Thisv olumoef p reprinptrse,p arfeodr a ni nternatsiyomnpaols iuomn HistoriPcaailn tiTnegc nhiqueMsa,t eriaalnsdS, t udiPor actiactte h eU ni versiotfLy e idetnh,e N etherla2n6d-s2,J9 u ne1 995c,o ntaitnhser esults ofw orko nh istorpiacianlt itnegc hniqfureosm a lpla rtosft hew orldT.h e suggesttiooo nr ganiszuec ha meetinwga sr aiseddu rintgh es ymposium on theT echnoloogfyA rtW orksf romt heC entraElu ropeaRne gioonr ganizbeyd tAhrec hivoefsA rtT echnoloignyP raguien 1 993T.h eP rague symposiuemm phasizCezde chp aintearnsdt heitre chniquTeos b.r oaden thes copoef a ttentiEornm,aH ermenosf t heA rtH istoIrnys titouftt eh e UniversoiftL ye ideann dM arjPae eko ft heA rtH istoriDceapla rtmeonft theC entrRaels earLcahb oratfoorryO bjecotfsA rta ndS ciencienA m sterdatmo oko nt het asokf o rganizai snegc onmde etinignL eiden. Thep urposoef t hes ymposiuamn dt hipsu blicatiisto onp romotae greatuenrd erstanodfit nhgec hangibnogu ndarainedsi nteracbteitowne en arhti storicaonnss,e rvaatnodrc so,n servastciioenn twiosrtksi nignt hefi elds ofh istoripcaailn titnegc hniques-incwlauldplia nign tinangdsp oly chromsec ulpture-paimnattienrgi aalnsds, t udipor actice. Inr ecenyte artsh,e rhea sb eena ni ncreasiinntge riensh ti storpiacianlt ingt echniquTehse.s tudoyf t hep aintitnegc hniqaunedsm ateriuaslesd throughhoiustt oarnydi nv ariocuusl turiesbs y n aturaen i nterdisciplinary exerciIsnet .h ep asstu chs tudiweesr es ometimceosn ductweidt hl ittle interacbteitowne eanr th istoricaonnss,e rvatmoartse,r isaclise ntiasntds , historioafsn csi ence, beeaccahuds ies ciplinet otp ernedsse tnhte r esults ofi tsst uditeosd ifferfeonrtu msT.h isv olumaei mst op resednitf ferent approachteots h es tudoyf h istorpiacianlt itnegc hniqiunet sh eh opet hat itw ileln couracgoeo perataimoonn gt hesvea rioduiss ciplines. Informataiboonu pta intitnegc hniquceansb e gaineidn a varieotfy waysi,n cludtihnegc hemicoarlp hysicaanla lysoefts h em aterifaolusn d int hep aintinAgnsa.l ysoefsa largneu mbero fp aintiantgtsr ibuttoe d certain resgcihoonoslw,so ,r kshoposri, n dividmuaaslt ercsa nc ontribute toa histoorfyp aintitnegc hniquAensa.l ytirceaslu lctasn a lshoe lpa rt historiaasnsse astst ributainodnc sa ns upporotrr ejetchte ihry potheses. Thea nalyshtosw,e evr,n eedt hea rth istoritaoin nsf ortmh ema boutth e styliisdtiiocs yncraansdsi iegsn ificoaftn hcoess ec hools, worokrsm haosps, ters. Iti so fterne warditnosg e ew hata rtihsatvses aiadb outth eiorw nw ork andt os tudtyh eiwrr ittseonu rcoens paintitnegc hniques.k iTnhdoi fs informathiaoscn o med ownt ou si nd iariseusc,ha sN erid iB icciR'isc or danzei;np aintihnagn dbooskusc ha sC enniin'Lsi brdae ll'Airnta en,o ny mousr ecipbeo oksa;n de veni nm odelb ookss,u cha sS tephaSnc hriber's MusterbuTchhe.s ree cipbeo oktse lslc ientwihsattss u bstantcoel so ofko r ina nalysBiost.hs cientainfdai rcht i storiincfaolr mathieolnup s u nderstand thes ignificaonfsc oem etimreast heorb scurree cipaensd t eluls w hether them ethodasn dm ateridaelssc ribaerdec ommono re xceptiofnoartl h e particpuelrairo Tdod.a yi ti sn otu nusutaolfi ndi nformatfiroonmh istorical sourciensc orporiantte hdee xaminatoifoi nn dividpuaailn tings. viii The discussiiontn hsi vso lumper esenhti storpiacianlt itnegc hniques froma varieotfyp rofessipoenraslp ectiWvietshi. t wsi der angoef t opics anda pproachteots h es tudoyf h istorpiacianlt itnegc hniqutehsip,su bli catiiosnp resentientd h eh opet haittw ilplr oviadnei mpetufso rf urther studitehsa itn volmvaet erisacli encaer,th istocroyn,s ervatairocnh,a eo metrya,n dt heh istoorfys ciencWee. a lshoo pei tw ilble o nei na series ofs uchi nterdisciapnldic noalrlya borvaotliuvmee s. Ina ddititootn h ankianlgtl h ec olleagautoe usr i nstituwthiooh nesl ped us witha dvicaen de xpertiwsee a,l swoo uldl ikteo a cknowledtghee invaluable anwdos rukp porotfs everianld ividiunap lasr ticuMliagru.e l AngelC orzod,i rectoofrt heG ettCyo nservatIinosnt itiumtmee,d iately supporttehde i deat op ublitshhe p resentatoifot nhses ymposiuamn d generoupsrloyv idheidst imea nds uppoirntt hep roductoifot nh ep resent volumeA.g nesG rafinB allestrdeimr,e ctooftr h eC entrRaels earLcahb oratofroyrO bjecotfsA rta ndS ciencienA msterdaamn,d A .W . A.B os chlooof t heA rtH istoIrnys titouftt eh eU niversoiftL ye idesnu pported thee ntiprreo jefcrto mi tisn itsitaalg aensd a dvisuesdd urintgh ee ditorial procesCso.r innLei ghtweaavnedrJ oH illi,n dependeednitt orcioanls ul tantcsa,r rioeudti nvaluawbolreko nt hem anuscriapstssi,s btyeJ do yH art nettI.nt hep reparatoifto hne sper eprifnotrps u blicatwieo anl,s woi sht o thanDki nahB erlanpdu,b licatciooonrsd inra,t thoeG ettCyo nservation Institute. Arie Wallert TheG ettCyo nservation Institute Erma Hermens ArtH istoIrnys titouftt eh eU niversoiftL ye iden Marya Peek CentrRaels earLcahb oratfoorryO bjecotfsA rta ndS ciencAem,s terdam ix Plalt,ael eftB.a rtoVlvioamreiaonc it1i,4v �5e14 91, SaiPnett e1r94,0 T.em peornap arFtreolPm.o lyptych with JSaamietnsht Ge r eaTthereV, i rgainndC hild andO ther STahei]nP.tau sl.G etMtuys euMma,l ibu (17.BP3.0). Plabt,ae b o1Dv eet.fa orimVl vi ariSnaiiP'netst serh,o w incgl evairsliiybn ldei,vb irdusustahrl o kes.