Historical, Indo-European, and Lexicographical Studies PDF
Preview Historical, Indo-European, and Lexicographical Studies
Historical, Indo-European, and Lexicographical Studies W DE G Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 90 Editor Werner Winter Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York Historical, Indo-European, and Lexicographical Studies A Festschrift for Ladislav Zgusta on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday edited by Hans Henrich Hock Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York 1997 Mouton de Gruyter (formerly Mouton, The Hague) is a Division of Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin. © Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication-Data Historical, Indo-European, and lexicographical studies : a fest- schrift for Ladislav Zgusta on the occasion of his 70th birth- day / edited by Hans Henrich Hock. p. cm. - (Trends in linguistics. Studies and mono- graphs ; 90). Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3-11-012884-5 1. Indo-European languages. 2. Lexicography. 3. His- torical linguistics. I. Hock, Hans Henrich, 1938— II. Zgusta, Ladislav. III. Series. P512.Z47H57 1996 410-dc20 96-10581 CIP Die Deutsche Bibliothek — Cataloging-in-Publication-Data Historical, Indo-European, and lexicographical studies: a Fest- schrift for Ladislav Zgusta on the occasion of his 70th birthday / ed. by Hans Henrich Hock. - Berlin ; New York : Mouton de Gruyter, 1997 (Trends in linguistics : Studies and monographs ; 90) ISBN 3-11-012884-5 NE: Hock, Hans Henrich [Hrsg.]; Zgusta, Ladislav: Festschrift; Trends in linguistics / Studies and monographs © Copyright 1996 by Walter de Gruyter & Co., D-10785 Berlin All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan- ical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, with- out permission in writing from the publisher. Diskconversion: Lewis & Leins GmbH, Berlin. Printing: Gerike GmbH, Berlin. Binding: Lüderitz & Bauer, Berlin. Printed in Germany. Contents Introduction 1 Publications of Ladislav Zgusta 5 I. Indo-European and general historical linguistic studies . .. 47 Nexus and 'extraclausality' in Vedic, or 'sa-fige' all over again: A his- torical (re)examination Hans Henrich Hock 49 Some archaisms in the Iliad Henry M. Hoenigswald 79 The origin and evolution of primary derivative suffixes in Dravidian Bh. Krishnamurti 87 Ex Oriente nox W. P. Lehmann 117 Indo-European religion Edgar C. Polome 129 Archaism and innovation in Proto-Celtic? Karl Horst Schmidt 147 On Old Persian hypocoristics in -iya- Riidiger Schmitt 163 Some problems of Latin adverbs Oswald Szemerenyi 171 Hittite telipuri- 'district, precinct' Johann Tischler 179 Lexical archaisms in the Tocharian languages Werner Winter 183 II. Papers on lexicography and history of linguistics 195 Corrections and additions to the Ossetic etymological dictionary V. I. Abaev 197 vi More on the Diccionario Griego-Espanol Francisco R. Adrados 221 Uphill with Dasypodius: On the lexicographic treatment of weak nouns in German Elmer H. Antonsen 233 The gnosiological and dianoetic aspects of language and the limitedness of G. B. Vico's theory Walter Belardi 253 Re-constructing ideology, Part one: Animadversions of John Home Tooke on the origins of affixes and non-designative words Fredric Dolezal 261 Greek maulisterion and its group: A lexicographical essay Olivier Masson 283 The vocabulary of culture: A potential method of contrastive description Oskar Reichmann 287 The lexical Semitisms of Septuagint Greek as a reflex of the history of the Hebrew vocabulary: Implications concerning lexical diachrony and historical lexicography Haiim B. Rosen 301 Printed language dictionaries and their standardization: Notes on the progress toward a general theory of lexicography Herbert Ernst Wiegand 319 Indices 381 Author index 383 Language index 389 1 Introduction As I was searching for an epigraph for the introduction to this volume in honor of Ladislav Zgusta I remembered a fragment from Homer so famous that I knew it even when Greek was still 'Spanish' to me - the beginning of the Odyssey: "Ανδρα μοι εννεπε, Μοϋσα, πολύτροπον ... The nineteenth-century edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexi- con which I call my own refers to a controversy as to the correct meaning of polutropos, the adjective modifying the man about whom the Muse is asked to report: According to some scholars the meaning is 'multum iac- tatus', according to others 'uersatus, uersatilis'. In Ladislav Zgusta's case, the controversy can end, because he is both, multum iactatus 'much tossed about' and uersatus, uersatilis 'well-versed, versatile'. Born in 1924 in what is now the Czech Republic, he survived two dicta- torships: First that of Nazi Germany, under which he worked as a temporary laborer in a construction business and in the railway system of the 'Protek- torat Böhmen und Mähren'; then that of Communism, from which, after the 'Prague Spring' had been forcibly crushed, he escaped with his family in a veritable cloak-and-dagger episode worthy of a movie - first to India, at that time a reluctant host, and almost immediately on to the United States, where in a single year he was in quick succession affiliated with three universi- ties - Cornell, Texas, and Illinois. At the University of Illinois we consider ourselves fortunate that his being tossed about the globe ended here. Even before he escaped from Czechoslovakia, he had traveled extensively, but less dramatically, to Russia, Georgia, and other republics of the then USSR, to Germany (East and West), Austria, and the United States (where I caught a cutting-edge lecture of his on laryngeals at Yale University in 1965). Since joining the University of Illinois, his travels have ranged even 1 I want to thank Amy Repp, Sarah Michael, and Yasuko Suzuki for help in putting the papers in this volume on computer disk. I owe special gratitude to Yasuko Suzuki for additionally proofing a near-final version of the volume, for coding the contributions for printing, and for help with the indices. 2 Introduction farther, to Canada and Mexico on the North-American continent; to Austria, Germany, Italy, and many other countries of Europe; and to India and the Philippines in Asia. The breadth of Ladislav Zgusta's travels, travails, and peregrinations through the world is more than matched by his versatility as a scholar. Un- like most of us in academia, he was not satisfied with one Doctor's degree; he earned two: one in 1949 from Prague University (in Classical Philology and Indology, with a dissertation on the 'Lexicology of the Cypriot dialect'); the second from the Prague Academy in 1964 (in Philology of Asia Minor, with a dissertation on 'Personal Names of Asia Minor'). In addition, in 1964 he earned his 'Dr. Habil.' in Indo-European linguistics at the University of Brno. His two doctoral dissertations on onomastics and lexicography set the tone for most of his nine authored monographs and seven edited volumes. His publications in this area, especially his Manual of lexicography, which he is now preparing for a thoroughly revised edition, are well known and would, by themselves, have been sufficient to establish his äphthiton kleos 'imperishable fame'. But his total range of publications is much broader - both in terms of volume (141 papers and articles and 574 reviews so far) and in terms of the range of topics, interests, languages examined, languages used, and languages read. In addition to onomastics and lexicography, his papers and reviews cover just about every aspect of the linguistic sciences. They range from the history of linguistics (including the work of the Sanskrit grammarians) to language contact and bilingualism; from linguistic theory (including reviews of Chom- sky's Aspects and Cartesian linguistics), to psycholinguistics, semantics, and typology; from epigraphy (including, I believe, epitaphs on tombstones in Champaign and Urbana), to general historical linguistics; and they cover vir- tually the entire range of the broad field of Indo-European studies (including a bold attempt with Winfred P. Lehmann to bring Schleicher's nineteenth- century reconstruction of a Proto-Indo-European fable up to the level of late-twentieth-century Indo-European scholarship). Within the Indo-European language family he has paid special attention to the Anatolian languages (not only Hittite, but also the lesser-known Luwian, Lycian, and Lydian), the classical European languages Greek and Latin, and the Iranian languages (especially the Scythian-Ossetic traditions). His inter- ests have also included Sanskrit, the entire range of the Slavic languages, Ar- menian, Tocharian, and a large number of the less well attested, 'minor' early Indo-European languages, including Illyrian, Messapian, Phrygian, Thracian, and Venetic. Introduction 3 As if this impressive breadth were not enough, he has also worked on a vast variety of non-Indo-European languages, from nearly every conti- nent - Etruscan and Lapp from Europe; Caucasic, Dravidian, Turkish, Semitic languages (Ugaritic, Arabic, Hebrew), Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Tibetan, and Malay from Asia; Iban and Ngizim from Africa; Navajo, Nahuatl, and Athabaskan from the Americas. At least equally impressive is the wide range of languages in which he has published and in which he converses and exchanges letters with his numerous friends around the globe: The languages most commonly used in his publications are Czech, his native language, German, English and one of his great and abiding loves, Latin, in which - as if to single-handedly prove its continued usability as a scholarly language - he has written on such diverse topics as the linguistics and epigraphy of the Caucasus, onomastics, and even modern grammatical theory. Other languages include French, Hungarian, Italian, Russian, and Spanish. A remarkable publication attests to his abiding love for the Greek language as well as to his proficiency in using it - an exchange of letters between Ladislav Zgusta and I. N. Kazazis. His strong interest in Sanskrit, the third great classical Indo-European language, is reflected in the 'subtitles' of a series of recent lexicographical articles.2 In addition he has reviewed publications written in Modern Armenian, Afrikaans and Dutch, Georgian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Swedish, and Os- setic. Ladislav Zgusta's impressively broad range of interests and publications has received an equally impressive and broad range of recognition. He has twice been invited to teach at Linguistic Institutes of the Linguistic Society of America. He has presented invited talks at more than thirty different institu- tions and academic meetings and has conducted seminars in Czechoslovakia, the United States, Mexico, India, and the Philippines. He has been awarded at least twenty major research awards, prizes, and consultantships, including grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, Guggenheim, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Czech Academy of Sciences. He has been honored with membership in numerous learned societies, includ- ing the Indogermanische Gesellschaft, the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Societä linguistica italiana, and most recently the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has held offices in the Dictionary Society of North America, the Linguistic Society of America, 2 He also honored my wife, Zarina, and me at our wedding by reciting a medley of Rig-Vedic verses that he had selected for the occasion.
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