Historical Disaster Experiences: Towards a Comparative and Transcultural History of Disasters Across Asia and Europe PDF
Preview Historical Disaster Experiences: Towards a Comparative and Transcultural History of Disasters Across Asia and Europe
Historical Disaster Experiences Towards a Comparative and Transcultural History of Disasters Across Asia and Europe Gerrit Jasper Schenk Editor 123 Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context Serieseditors MadeleineHerren ThomasMaissen JosephMaran AxelMichaels BarbaraMittler Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8753 Gerrit Jasper Schenk Editor Historical Disaster Experiences Towards a Comparative and Transcultural History of Disasters Across Asia and Europe Editor GerritJasperSchenk FachgebietMittelalterlicheGeschichte InstitutfürGeschichte Darmstadt,Germany ISSN2191-656X ISSN2191-6578 (electronic) TransculturalResearch–HeidelbergStudiesonAsiaandEuropeinaGlobalContext ISBN978-3-319-49162-2 ISBN978-3-319-49163-9 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-49163-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017934489 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinor for anyerrors oromissionsthat may havebeenmade. Thepublisher remainsneutralwith regardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Coverillustration:AmbrosiusTheodosiusMacrobius,CommentaryofCicero’s‘SomniumScipionis’ (Venice: Lucantonio Giunti/Augustino de Zannis da Portese, 1513), fol. 1r, woodcut. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek,Munich:2A.lat.b493.CreditbyBayerischeStaatsbibliothekMünchen. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Acknowledgments Thatbooksalsohaveadestinypriortotheirmakingiswellknown.Thisvolumeis noexception.Astheeditor,Iamhappyandrelievedthatthelongprocessofediting andprinting,whichreallystretchedthepatienceoftheauthors,hascometoanend. Therefore, I wish to express my gratitude first of all to the contributors of this volumefortheirfaithintheproject. Thankstoallthosewhohavesupportedtheworkonthelongroadtoprinting,in particularKristineChalyan-Daffner,EleonorMarcussen,MartinBauch,JuliaItin, BenediktMette,SusanneDressler-Mutz,RobertSchwank,andAndreaHacker—all team membersinHeidelberg andDarmstadt, who have contributed tothe success of the preceding conferences in Heidelberg, Beirut, and New Delhi and thus to the development of the volume. Without Elaine Griffiths’ thorough editing, the adventureofassemblingavolumeofEnglishtextsfromallkindsoflinguisticand culturalbackgroundsintoareadablewholewouldcertainlynothavebeenpossible. Languagenuancesandcoloring,however,areunavoidable:thosewhodoresearch inacross-culturalperspectiveconsidervariationanenrichment. Thetopicofthisvolumemaybegloomyatfirstglance,butitisworththeeffort: research on the historical dimension of disaster experiences shows not only that cultures are sensitive tissues but also how elastic they are and what surprising patterns,combinations, and opportunities for change they offer. This book invites thereadertodiscoverthediversityandsimilaritiesoftheseexperiencesandthusto learn about oneself. As the editor, this is what I am grateful for: the additional insight thatIhave gainedfromthecollected research onthe topic ofthisvolume. Ihopeandwishthatthereaderswillbeabletosharethesameexperience. December2015 GerritJasperSchenk v Contents PartI StateofResearch,Concepts,andMethods HistoricalDisasterExperiences:FirstStepsTowardaComparative andTransculturalHistoryofDisastersAcrossAsiaandEurope inthePreindustrialEra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 GerritJasperSchenk LivingwithHazard:DisasterSubcultures,DisasterCultures andRisk-MitigatingStrategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 GregBankoff PartII MaterialityofDisasters:NaturalImpact,SocialExperience SeveralNaturalDisastersintheMiddleEast(attheBeginning oftheEleventhCentury)andTheirConsequences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 JulietteRassi Fana¯ʾandFasa¯d:PerceptionsandConceptsofCrisesandDisasters inFourteenth-CenturyEgypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 SarahBüssow-Schmitz TheBlackDeathandtheHumanImpactontheEnvironment. . . . . . . . 93 StuartBorsch TheDaytheSunTurnedBlue:AVolcanicEruptionintheEarly 1460sandItsPossibleClimaticImpact—ANaturalDisaster PerceivedGloballyintheLateMiddleAges?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 MartinBauch CulturalImplicationsofNaturalDisasters:HistoricalReports oftheVolcanoEruptionofJuly,1256CE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 GeorgeSaliba vii viii Contents WhenEuropeWasBurning:TheMulti-seasonMega-drought of1540andArsonistParanoia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 ChristianPfister PartIII HeavenandEarth:SearchingforReasons “AssurWillSuffer:”PredictingDisasterinAncientEgypt. . . . . . . . . . 189 JoachimFriedrichQuack “Natural”DisastersintheArabicAstro-meteorologicalMalhama ˙ Handbooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 KristineChalyan-Daffner TracingtheWilloftheStars:IndianAstrologyandDivinationAbout NaturalDisastersandThreats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 AudriusBeinorius Explainingthe1934Bihar-NepalEarthquake:TheRoleofScience, Astrology,and“Rumours”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 EleonorMarcussen PartIV UrbanExperience:EarthquakesandFires The1173/1759EarthquakeinDamascusandtheContinuation ofArchitecturalTradition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 VerenaDaiber LivingwithDisaster:AleppoandtheEarthquakeof1822. . . . . . . . . . . 295 StefanKnost “TheGreatFireinCairoin1321:”InteractionsBetweenNature andSociety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 SyrinxvonHees PerceivingUrbanFireRegimesinEuropeandChina(1830to1870): BritishFireInsuranceBusinessesandtheSuddenChallenge ofGlobalisation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 CornelZwierlein PartV FrequentExperienceandAdaptations:FloodsandLandscapes ofDefence EconomicAdaptationtoRiskyEnvironmentsintheLateMiddleAges: TheCaseoftheAccruesoftheDoubsinChaussin(Jura,France)from c.1370toc.1500. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 ThomasLabbe´ Contents ix Measuring“Disaster”:The“Everydayness”ofFluvialLandscapes andtheColonialStateinGangeticDiaras,1790s–1880s. . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 NitinSinha Whenthe“Deluge”Happened:TheFloodof1929intheSurma–Barak ValleyofColonialAssam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 MonisankarMisra AlpineLandscapesofDefence:OnModern-VernacularAvalanche ProtectionSystemsintheSwissAlps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 MichaelFalser NameIndex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 PlaceIndex. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 427 SubjectIndex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Part I State of Research, Concepts, and Methods
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