Historical Dictionary of the Korean War

511 Pages·2010·3.996 MB·English

by  Paul M. Edwards

HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES
OF WAR, REVOLUTION, AND CIVIL UNREST
Jon Woronoff, Series Editor
1. Afghan Wars, Revolutions, and Insurgencies, by Ludwig W. Ada-
mec. 1996. Out of print. See No. 30.
2. The United States–Mexican War, by Edward H. Moseley and Paul
C. Clark Jr. 1997.
3. World War I, by Ian V. Hogg. 1998.
4. The United States Navy, by James M. Morris and Patricia M. Ke-
arns. 1998.
5. The United States Marine Corps, by Harry A. Gailey. 1998.
6. The Wars of the French Revolution, by Steven T. Ross. 1998.
7. The American Revolution, by Terry M. Mays. 1999. Out of print.
See No. 39.
8. The Spanish-American War, by Brad K. Berner. 1998.
9. The Persian Gulf War, by Clayton R. Newell. 1998.
10. The Holocaust, by Jack R. Fischel. 1999.
11. The United States Air Force and Its Antecedents, by Michael Rob-
ert Terry. 1999.
12. Civil Wars in Africa, by Guy Arnold. 1999. Out of print. See No.
34.
13. World War II: The War Against Japan, by Anne Sharp Wells.
1999.
14. British and Irish Civil Wars, by Martyn Bennett. 2000.
15. The Cold War, by Joseph Smith and Simon Davis. 2000.
16. Ancient Greek Warfare, by Iain Spence. 2002.
17. The Vietnam War, by Edwin E. Moïse. 2001.
18. The Civil War, by Terry L. Jones. 2002.
19. The Crimean War, by Guy Arnold. 2002.
20. The United States Army: A Historical Dictionary, by Clayton R.
Newell. 2002.
21. Terrorism, Second Edition, by Sean K. Anderson and Stephen
Sloan. 2002. Out of print. See No. 38.
22. The Chinese Civil War, by Edwin Pak-wah Leung. 2002.
23. The Korean War: A Historical Dictionary, by Paul M. Edwards.
2002. Out of print. See No. 41.
24. The “Dirty Wars,” by David Kohut, Olga Vilella, and Beatrice Ju-
lian. 2003. Out of print. See No. 40.
25. The Crusades, by Corliss K. Slack. 2003.
26. Ancient Egyptian Warfare, by Robert G. Morkot. 2003.
27. The French Revolution, by Paul R. Hanson. 2004.
28. Arms Control and Disarmament, by Jeffrey A. Larsen and James
M. Smith. 2005.
29. The Russo-Japanese War, by Rotem Kowner. 2005.
30. Afghan Wars, Revolutions, and Insurgencies, Second Edition, by
Ludwig W. Adamec. 2005.
31. The War of 1812, by Robert Malcomson. 2006.
32. The Arab-Israeli Conflict, by P. R. Kumaraswamy. 2006.
33. Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare, by Benjamin C. Gar-
rett and John Hart. 2007.
34. Civil Wars in Africa, Second Edition, by Guy Arnold. 2008.
35. The Northern Ireland Conflict, by Gordon Gillespie. 2008.
36. The Anglo-Boer War, by Fransjohan Pretorius. 2009.
37. The Zulu Wars, by John Laband. 2009.
38. Terrorism, Third Edition, by Sean K. Anderson with Stephen
Sloan, 2009.
39. American Revolution, Second Edition, by Terry M. Mays, 2010.
40. “Dirty Wars,” Second Edition, by David Kohut and Olga Vilella,
2010.
41. Korean War, Second Edition, by Paul M. Edwards, 2010.
Historical Dictionary
of the Korean War
Second Edition
Paul M. Edwards
Historical Dictionaries of War,
Revolution, and Civil Unrest, No. 41
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Lanham • Toronto • Plymouth, UK
2010
Published by Scarecrow Press, Inc.
A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
http://www.scarecrowpress.com
Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom
Copyright © 2010 by Paul M. Edwards
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by
any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval
systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who
may quote passages in a review.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Edwards, Paul M.
Historical dictionary of the Korean War / Paul M. Edwards. — 2nd ed.
p. cm. — (Historical dictionaries of war, revolution, and civil unrest ; no. 41)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-8108-6773-4 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8108-7461-9
(ebook)
1. Korean War, 1950–1953—Dictionaries. I. Title.
DS918.E363 2010
951.904'203–dc22 2009051454
(cid:2) ™
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper
for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Printed in the United States of America
Contents
Editor’s Foreword Jon Woronoff vii
Acknowledgments ix
Reader’s Note xi
Acronyms and Abbreviations xv
Maps xxiii
Chronology xxxi
Introduction xlvii
THE DICTIONARY 1
Appendix A: Casualties 347
Appendix B: UN Commanders 349
Appendix C: Commanders of Communist Forces 353
Appendix D: United Nations “Uniting for Peace” Resolution 355
Appendix E: Extract from the Moscow Agreement,
27 December 1945 361
Appendix F: Resolution Adopted by the United Nations
Security Council, 25 June 1950 363
Bibliography 365
About the Author 437
v

Editor’s Foreword
For many, but far from all those concerned, the Korean War has sadly
become a forgotten war. It is not hard to grasp why. Despite enormous
sacrifices in human and material terms, no party—not North Korea or
South Korea, nor China or the Soviet Union, nor the United States and
its Allies—achieved it goals. After many bloody contests, the loss of
tens of thousands of military and civilian lives, and the destruction of
much of the Korean peninsula, the war ended in a stalemate, roughly
where it had begun, not much to be proud of. But what a stalemate it
was! It permitted South Korea to concentrate on reconstruction and
launch an impressive economic “miracle.” It allowed other neighbors,
including Japan, to go about their business more or less normally. It
gave the great powers a salutary lesson in humility, so that there were
few other hot wars aside from Vietnam, and gradually the Cold War
faded away. It also foisted an important “peacekeeping” role on the
United Nations. Only North Korea seems to have gained nothing.
Like other volumes on war, revolution, and civil unrest in this series,
this book covers the war in several ways. First, it is tracked year by
year, month by month, and sometimes even day by day through the
chronology. The introduction covers the war as a whole, trying to make
sense of it and determine what, if any, lessons can be drawn. Then the
dictionary section takes a closer look at significant persons, places, and
events; the major contenders on both sides; battles, and other engage-
ments; military units and materiel; and the political, economic, and
social background. This book will certainly be useful for those who
fought there or are otherwise interested in the Korean War and will
provide plenty of information for students as well, but just as important,
it can lead them to further literature on the topic through a substantial
bibliography.
vii
viii (cid:129) EDITOR’S FOREWORD
This is now the second edition of The Korean War: A Historical
Dictionary. Like the first edition, it was written by Paul M. Edwards,
whose contact with the war goes back to 1953, when he served in Korea
with the Seventh Division. Since then, he has become an academic and
has taught and is still teaching history, with a definite emphasis on the
Korean War. At present, he is a senior fellow at the Center for the Study
of the Korean War at the campus of Graceland University. During this
long period, he has also written substantially on the topic, including
books on the whole war; on specific phases (Inchon Landing, Pusan
Perimeter); on one of the outstanding leaders (Matthew Ridgway); on
film and poetry; and a bibliography. This was certainly ample training
for the compilation of an encyclopedic work that brings together the
many facets of a war he does not want the world to forget.
Jon Woronoff
Series Editor
Acknowledgments
A composite research work like a dictionary cannot be completed
without relying on the works of hundreds of other authors who have
produced monographs, books, and reference works. I owe a great debt
of gratitude to many such authors, too many to be acknowledged, but
especially to the excellent works of Harry G. Summers Jr., Michael J.
Variola, Stanley Saddler, James I. Matray, and John Quick. My thanks
to Graceland University, which made available the resources of the
Center for the Study of the Korean War, and to Tom Rives of the Cen-
tral Plains Region National Archives, located in Kansas City, Missouri.
Many thanks are also extended to Dr. Allan Millett for reading and
recommendations, and to Wilber B. Hoare for very constructive criti-
cism. And, most certainly, thanks to Jon Woronoff, an excellent and
most helpful editor.
Many other individuals have been supportive and have lent their
peculiar talents to this endeavor. Special thanks to Joni Wilson, who
contributed her extraordinary talent as a copy reader, and to Gregory
Madison Edwards, Pamela Peck, Cindy Roberts, Gregory Smith, and
Laura Lane. As always, I want to express my deepest gratitude to my
wife, Carolynn Jean, and to Nash (a real sit-at-your-feet type cat) for
their patience.
ix