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Historical Dictionary of Leibniz's Philosophy (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies and Movements) PDF

394 Pages·2006·6.06 MB·English
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03-370 (1) Front 3/18/04 12:51 PM Page ii 06-103 01 Front.qxd 4/24/06 5:49 AM Page i HISTORICALDICTIONARIES OFRELIGIONS, PHILOSOPHIES, AND MOVEMENTS Jon Woronoff, Series Editor 1. Buddhism,by Charles S. Prebish, 1993 2. Mormonism,by Davis Bitton, 1994. Out of print. See No. 32. 3. Ecumenical Christianity,by Ans Joachim van der Bent, 1994 4. Terrorism, by Sean Anderson and Stephen Sloan, 1995. Out of print. See No. 41. 5. Sikhism,by W. H. McLeod, 1995. Out of print. See No. 59. 6. Feminism, by Janet K. Boles and Diane Long Hoeveler, 1995. Out of print. See No. 52. 7. Olympic Movement, by Ian Buchanan and Bill Mallon, 1995. Out of print. See No. 61. 8. Methodism,by Charles Yrigoyen Jr. and Susan E. Warrick, 1996. Out of Print. See No. 57. 9. Orthodox Church, by Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, and Michael D. Peterson, 1996 10. Organized Labor, by James C. Docherty, 1996. Out of print. See No. 50. 11. Civil Rights Movement,by Ralph E. Luker, 1997 12. Catholicism,by William J. Collinge, 1997 13. Hinduism,by Bruce M. Sullivan, 1997 14. North American Environmentalism, by Edward R. Wells and Alan M. Schwartz, 1997 15. Welfare State,by Bent Greve, 1998. Out of print. See No. 63. 16. Socialism,by James C. Docherty, 1997 17. Bahá’í Faith,by Hugh C. Adamson and Philip Hainsworth, 1998 18. Taoism,by Julian F. Pas in cooperation with Man Kam Leung, 1998 19. Judaism,by Norman Solomon, 1998 20. Green Movement,by Elim Papadakis, 1998 21. Nietzscheanism,by Carol Diethe, 1999 22. Gay Liberation Movement,by Ronald J. Hunt, 1999 23. Islamic Fundamentalist Movements in the Arab World, Iran, and Turkey,by Ahmad S. Moussalli, 1999 24. Reformed Churches,by Robert Benedetto, Darrell L. Guder, and Don- ald K. McKim, 1999 25. Baptists,by William H. Brackney, 1999 26. Cooperative Movement,by Jack Shaffer, 1999 27. Reformation and Counter-Reformation,by Hans J. Hillerbrand, 2000 28. Shakers,by Holley Gene Duffield, 2000 29. United States Political Parties,by Harold F. Bass Jr., 2000 06-103 01 Front.qxd 4/24/06 5:49 AM Page ii 30. Heidegger’s Philosophy,by Alfred Denker, 2000 31. Zionism,by Rafael Medoff and Chaim I. Waxman, 2000 32. Mormonism,2nd ed., by Davis Bitton, 2000 33. Kierkegaard’s Philosophy,by Julia Watkin, 2001 34. Hegelian Philosophy,by John W. Burbidge, 2001 35. Lutheranism,by Günther Gassmann in cooperation with Duane H. Lar- son and Mark W. Oldenburg, 2001 36. Holiness Movement,by William Kostlevy, 2001 37. Islam,by Ludwig W. Adamec, 2001 38. Shinto,by Stuart D. B. Picken, 2002 39. Olympic Movement,2nd ed., by Ian Buchanan and Bill Mallon, 2001. Out of Print. See No. 61. 40. Slavery and Abolition,by Martin A. Klein, 2002 41. Terrorism,2nd ed.,by Sean Anderson and Stephen Sloan, 2002 42. New Religious Movements,by George D. Chryssides, 2001 43. Prophets in Islam and Judaism, by Scott B. Noegel and Brannon M. Wheeler, 2002 44. The Friends (Quakers),by Margery Post Abbott, Mary Ellen Chijioke, Pink Dandelion, and John William Oliver Jr., 2003 45. Lesbian Liberation Movement:Still the Rage,JoAnne Myers, 2003 46. Descartes and Cartesian Philosophy,by Roger Ariew, Dennis Des Ch- ene, Douglas M. Jesseph, Tad M. Schmaltz, and Theo Verbeek, 2003 47. Witchcraft,by Michael D. Bailey, 2003 48. Unitarian Universalism,by Mark W. Harris, 2004 49. New Age Movements,by Michael York, 2004 50. Organized Labor,2nd ed., by James C. Docherty, 2004 51. Utopianism,by James M. Morris and Andrea L. Kross, 2004 52. Feminism,2nd ed., by Janet K. Boles and Diane Long Hoeveler, 2004 53. Jainism,by Kristi L. Wiley, 2004 54. Wittgenstein’s Philosophy,by Duncan Richter, 2004 55. Schopenhauer’s Philosophy,by David E. Cartwright, 2005 56. Seventh-day Adventists,by Gary Land, 2005 57. Methodism,2nd ed.,by Charles Yrigoyen Jr. and Susan Warrick, 2005 58. Sufism,by John Renard, 2005 59. Sikhism,2nd ed.,by W. H. McLeod, 2005 60. Kant and Kantianism,by Helmut Holzhey and Vilem Mudroch, 2005 61. Olympic Movement,3rd ed., by Bill Mallon with Ian Buchanan, 2006 62. Anglicanism,by Colin Buchanan, 2006 63. Welfare State,2nd ed.,by Bent Greve, 2006 64. Feminist Philosophy,by Catherine Villanueva Gardner, 2006 65. Logic,by Harry J. Gensler, 2006 66. Leibniz’s Philosophy,by Stuart Brown and N. J. Fox, 2006 06-103 01 Front.qxd 4/24/06 5:49 AM Page iii Historical Dictionary of Leibniz’s Philosophy Stuart Brown N. J. Fox Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements, No. 66 The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland • Toronto • Oxford 2006 06-103 01 Front.qxd 4/24/06 5:49 AM Page iv SCARECROWPRESS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Scarecrow Press, Inc. Awholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.scarecrowpress.com PO Box 317 Oxford OX2 9RU, UK Copyright ©2006 by Stuart Brown and N. J. Fox All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brown, Stuart C. Historical dictionary of Leibniz’s philosophy / Stuart Brown, N. J. Fox. p. cm. — (Historical dictionaries of religions, philosophies, and movements ; no. 66) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5464-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8108-5464-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von, 1646–1716—Dictionaries. I. Fox, N. J. II. Title. III. Series. B2551.B76 2006 193—dc22 2005034474 ∞™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Manufactured in the United States of America. 06-103 01 Front.qxd 4/24/06 5:49 AM Page v Contents Editor’s Foreword Jon Woronoff vii Preface ix Reader’s Note xi Abbreviations xiii Photographs xv Chronology xix Introduction xxvii THE DICTIONARY 1 Appendix: Leibniz’s Main Philosophical Writings 249 Bibliography 253 About the Authors 329 v 06-103 01 Front.qxd 4/24/06 5:49 AM Page vi 06-103 01 Front.qxd 4/24/06 5:49 AM Page vii Editor’s Foreword Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who lived and worked three centuries ago, was one of the first modern philosophers. Though not all of his contri- butions would still find favor today, there is no doubt that they were striking and even pathbreaking for the time. And it is abundantly clear that without them philosophy and, even more so, mathematics, physics, and science in general would not be at their present state today. Leib- niz’s role as one of the great thinkers of his age was even more impres- sive considering how atypical he was in certain ways: eclectic when many clung desperately to fixed ideas, seeking reconciliation while oth- ers scorned their opponents, and optimistic in what was often a time of despair. Moreover, Leibniz was one of the last global thinkers, con- cerned not only with philosophy and science but also with art and state- craft, at home in, and writing for, both academic circles and the wider world. These are more than enough reasons to want to know more about his work. Historical Dictionary of Leibniz’s Philosophy is an excellent aid for such research, which in the case of Leibniz is much harder than for many others since he published so little during his lifetime and much of his work is still being published. The dictionary section describes the more significant writings, as well as the numerous concepts related to his philosophy, and it also includes entries on significant persons he was in contact with and places where he resided. The chronology traces his long career and also some sequels. But the introduction is obviously the place to start, with a broad overview of the man and his life, his writ- ings, and his philosophy. The bibliography should not necessarily be the place to end, since this handy volume can help in studying the more specialized or advanced literature. As Leibniz’s philosophy cannot be separated from his many other interests—such as science and law, mathematics and theology—the dictionary is not restricted purely to vii 06-103 01 Front.qxd 4/24/06 5:49 AM Page viii viii • EDITOR’S FOREWORD philosophy but touches upon the many other interests of an intriguing and multifaceted personality. This volume was written by Stuart Brown and N. J. Fox. Dr. Brown has had a long and fruitful career, starting at the University of St. An- drews in 1963 and more recently serving as professor of philosophy at the Open University, where he has now been elected an emeritus pro- fessor. He has written extensively on Leibniz, including the early book Leibniz in the Philosophers in Context Series. He has also edited and translated Leibniz’s Discourse on Metaphysicsand edited the collection of papers The Young Leibniz and His Philosophy,1646–1676. N. J. Fox, Stuart Brown’s last postgraduate student, wrote his thesis on the influ- ence of kabbalistic mysticism on Leibniz’s cosmology. Dr. Fox also contributed several entries to the Dictionary of Twentieth-Century British Philosophers, edited by Dr. Brown. This historical dictionary was a cooperative venture between teacher and former student in the in- terest of making the philosophy of Leibniz, and Leibniz the person, bet- ter known in wider circles. Jon Woronoff Series Editor

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