Historical dictionary of Kenya PDF
Preview Historical dictionary of Kenya
I Historical Dictionary of Kenya Second Edition Robert M. Maxon Thomas R Ofcansky African Historical Dictionaries, No. 77 The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Md., & London 2000 SCARECROW PRESS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Scarecrow Press, Inc. 4720 Boston Way Lanham, Maryland 20706 4 Pleydell Gardens, Folkestone Kent CT20 2DN, England Copyright ©2000 by Robert M. Maxon and Thomas P. Ofcansky All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Maxon, Robert M. Historical dictionary of Kenya / Robert M. Maxon and Thomas P. Ofcansky. p. cm. — (African historical dictionaries; no. 77) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8108-3616-5 (alk. paper) 1. Kenya—History—Dictionaries. I. Ofcansky, Thomas P., 1947— II. Title. III. Series. DT433.215 .M39 2000 98-50070 967.62'.003—dc21 CIP ©™The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANS1/NISO Z39.48-1992. Manufactured in the United States of America. Contents Editor’s Foreword (Jon Woronoff) ix Abbreviations and Acronyms xi Chronology xv Map xxvi Introduction The Dictionary 13 Appendix A: British Commissioners and Governors 265 Appendix B: Prime Minister and Presidents 267 Appendix C: Economic Data 269 Bibliography 271 About the Authors 449 0 0 0 2 2 1 L U vii J Editor's Foreword When Kenya became independent in 1963, it was one of Africa’s most promising new states. The country was endowed with a vast territory, some of it rich farmland, and sparsely enough populated not to make it overly crowded. There were few serious conflicts between its ethnic groups, and none that could dominate all the others, and even much of the remaining European and Asian populations cooperated with the new government. The colonial power had left behind a reasonable transportation and communi cations infrastructure, and there were a fair number of schools and many educated Kenyans. The economic potential was good, and tourism a sure foreign currency earner. Yet, looking back, we see that little of the prom ise has been realized. The economy is doing poorly, and urban blight and pollution affect many parts of the country. Shortly after independence, the nascent democracy was replaced by a one-party state. There is no cause to exaggerate, however. Kenya has done better than most other African states, as witnessed by recent efforts to establish a genuine democratic form of government. The pity is that it could have done much better still. The Historical Dictionary of Kenya contains entries on both the past and present, the older precolonial period, the colonial era, and the several de cades since independence. It covers many aspects of the Kenyan experi ence: historical, political, economic, social, cultural, and others. Of particu lar interest are the entries on people, from those who founded the colony, to those who turned it into an independent state and ruled it, to those who may take over in coming years, whether within the establishment or oppo sition. Naturally, it has no entries on the future, but it does provides some basis for looking ahead and answering the question of whether Kenya can do better, if not whether it actually will. While the chronology, introduc tion, and dictionary offer a broad overview, they cannot go into all the de tails. But those can be uncovered readily by consulting the books and ar ticles in the exceptionally comprehensive bibliography. This volume was written by two longtime specialists on East Africa. Thomas P. Ofcansky, who is presently with the Department of State, origi- IX x • editor's foreword nally went to Kenya as a traveler and then as a student conducting research. Since then, he has visited the country frequently. He has published several books and numerous articles on East Africa and is the coauthor of the His torical Dictionary of Tanzania. Robert M. Maxon has spent many years teaching about Kenya to Kenyans, first as a high school teacher, more re cently and presently as visiting professor of history at Moi University. He, too, has written extensively on Kenya and East Africa. Thanks to this ex perience, Drs. Ofcansky and Maxon have produced an excellent guide to what remains one of Africa’s most promising countries. Jon Woronoff Series Editor Abbreviations and Acronyms ADC African District Council AEMO African Elected Members Organisation AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIC African Inland Church AIM Africa Inland Mission APM Alliance of Protestant Missions APP African People’s Party CCK Christian Council of Kenya CGS Chief(s) of the General Staff CMS Church Missionary Society CO Colonial Office COTU Central Organisation of Trade Unions CPK Church of the Province of Kenya CSM Church of Scotland Mission DP Democratic Party EAA East African Airways EAC East African Community EACM East African Common Market EACSO East African Common Service Organisation EAHC East African High Commission EAINC East African Indian National Congress EALB East African Literature Bureau EAP East Africa Protectorate EATUC East African Trade Union Congress ESAF Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility FO Foreign Office FORD Forum for the Restoration of Democracy FORD-A Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Asili FORD-K Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya FORD-P Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People GBM Green Belt Movement XI XII • ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS GDP Gross Domestic Product GEA German East Africa GEMA Gikuyu, Embu, Meru Association GMS Gospel Missionary Society GSU General Services Unit HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IA Indian Association IBEAC Imperial British East Africa Company IMF International Monetary Fund IPK Islamic Party of Kenya IPPG Inter-Parties Parliamentary Group KA Kikuyu Association KADU Kenya African Democratic Union KANU Kenya African National Union KAF Kenya Air Force KAR King’s African Rifles KASU Kenya African Study Union KAU Kenya African Union KCA Kikuyu Central Association KCB Kenya Central Bank; Kenya Commercial Bank KDF Kenya Defence Force KENDA Kenya National Democratic Alliance KFL Kenya Federation of Labour KFP Kenya Freedom Party KLFA Kenya Land and Freedom Army KLP Kikuyu Loyal Patriots KPA Kalenjin Political Alliance KPA Kikuyu Provincial Association KPU Kenya People’s Union KSC Kenya Social Congress LEGCO Legislative Council MP Member of Parliament NBI National Bank of India NCCK National Christian Council of Kenya NCEC National Convention Executive Council NDEM National Democratic Party NDNC Nairobi District National Congress NDP National Development Party NFD Northern Frontier District/Province NFDLF Northern Frontier District Liberation Front ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS XIII NKCA North Kavirondo Central Association NPCP Nairobi People’s Convention Party NPPPP Northern Province People’s Progressive Party OAU Organization of African Unity PCEA Presbyterian Church of East Africa PICK Party of Independent Candidates of Kenya RAF Royal Air Force RPP Release Political Prisoners SDP Social Democratic Party UEA University of East Africa UKENYA Movement for Unity and Democracy in Kenya UMA Ukamba Members Association UMCA Universities’ Mission to Central Africa WHO World Health Organisation YKA Young Kavirondo Association; also, Young Kikuyu Association
The list of books you might like
