Historical dictionary of Hobbes's philosophy

434 Pages·2012·1.727 MB·English

by  Hobbes, Thomas, Hobbes, Thomas, Lemetti, Juhana

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HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF RELIGIONS,
PHILOSOPHIES, AND MOVEMENTS
Jon Woronoff, Series Editor
Orthodox Church, by Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, and Michael
D. Peterson, 1996
Civil Rights Movement, by Ralph E. Luker, 1997
Catholicism, by William J. Collinge, 1997
North American Environmentalism, by Edward R. Wells and Alan M.
Schwartz, 1997
Taoism, by Julian F. Pas in cooperation with Man Kam Leung, 1998
Gay Liberation Movement, by Ronald J. Hunt, 1999
Islamic Fundamentalist Movements in the Arab World, Iran, and Turkey, by
Ahmad S. Moussalli, 1999
Cooperative Movement, by Jack Shaffer, 1999
Kierkegaard’s Philosophy, by Julia Watkin, 2001
Slavery and Abolition, by Martin A. Klein, 2002
New Religious Movements, by George D. Chryssides, 2001
Prophets in Islam and Judaism, by Scott B. Noegel and Brannon M.
Wheeler, 2002
Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage, by JoAnne Myers, 2003
Descartes and Cartesian Philosophy, by Roger Ariew, Dennis Des Chene,
Douglas M. Jesseph, Tad M. Schmaltz, and Theo Verbeek, 2003
Witchcraft, by Michael D. Bailey, 2003
Unitarian Universalism, by Mark W. Harris, 2004
New Age Movements, by Michael York, 2004
Organized Labor, Second Edition, by James C. Docherty, 2004
Utopianism, by James M. Morris and Andrea L. Kross, 2004
Feminism, Second Edition, by Janet K. Boles and Diane Long Hoeveler,
2004
Jainism, by Kristi L. Wiley, 2004
Wittgenstein’s Philosophy, by Duncan Richter, 2004
Schopenhauer’s Philosophy, by David E. Cartwright, 2005
Seventh-day Adventists, by Gary Land, 2005
Methodism, Second Edition, by Charles Yrigoyen Jr. and Susan E. Warrick,
2005
Sufism, by John Renard, 2005
Sikhism, Second Edition, by W. H. McLeod, 2005
Kant and Kantianism, by Helmut Holzhey and Vilem Mudroch, 2005
Olympic Movement, Third Edition, by Bill Mallon with Ian Buchanan, 2006
Anglicanism, by Colin Buchanan, 2006
Welfare State, Second Edition, by Bent Greve, 2006
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Feminist Philosophy, by Catherine Villanueva Gardner, 2006
Logic, by Harry J. Gensler, 2006
Leibniz’s Philosophy, by Stuart Brown and Nicholas J. Fox, 2006
Non-Aligned Movement and the Third World, by Guy Arnold, 2006
Salvation Army, by Major John G. Merritt, 2006
Judaism, Second Edition, by Norman Solomon, 2006
Epistemology, by Ralph Baergen, 2006
Bahá’í Faith, Second Edition, by Hugh C. Adamson, 2006
Aesthetics, by Dabney Townsend, 2006
Socialism, Second Edition, by Peter Lamb and James C. Docherty, 2007
Marxism, by David M. Walker and Daniel Gray, 2007
Nietzscheanism, Second Edition, by Carol Diethe, 2007
Medieval Philosophy and Theology, by Stephen F. Brown and Juan Carlos
Flores, 2007
Shamanism, by Graham Harvey and Robert Wallis, 2007
Ancient Greek Philosophy, by Anthony Preus, 2007
Puritans, by Charles Pastoor and Galen K. Johnson, 2007
Green Movement, Second Edition, by Miranda Schreurs and Elim
Papadakis, 2007
Husserl’s Philosophy, by John J. Drummond, 2008
Existentialism, by Stephen Michelman, 2008
Zionism, Second Edition, by Rafael Medoff and Chaim I. Waxman, 2008
Coptic Church, by Gawdat Gabra, 2008
Jehovah’s Witnesses, by George D. Chryssides, 2008
Hume’s Philosophy, by Kenneth R. Merrill, 2008
Shakers, by Stephen J. Paterwic, 2008
Native American Movements, by Todd Leahy and Raymond Wilson, 2008
Mormonism, Third Edition, by Davis Bitton and Thomas G. Alexander,
2008
Hegelian Philosophy, Second Edition, by John W. Burbidge, 2008
Ethics, by Harry J. Gensler and Earl W. Spurgin, 2008
Environmentalism, by Peter Dauvergne, 2009
Bertrand Russell’s Philosophy, by Rosalind Carey and John Ongley, 2009
Baptists, Second Edition, by William H. Brackney, 2009
Islam, Second Edition, by Ludwig W. Adamec, 2009
Homosexuality, by Brent L. Pickett, 2009
Buddhism, by Carl Olson, 2009
Holiness Movement, Second Edition, edited by William Kostlevy, 2009
Reformed Churches, Second Edition, by Robert Benedetto and Donald K.
McKim, 2010
The Reformation and Counter-Reformation, by Michael Mullett, 2010
Heidegger’s Philosophy, Second Edition, by Frank Schalow and Alfred
Denker, 2010
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Jesus, by Daniel J. Harrington, S.J., 2010
Metaphysics, by Gary Rosenkrantz and Joshua Hoffman, 2011
Shinto, Second Edition, by Stuart D. B. Picken, 2011
The Friends (Quakers), Second Edition, by Margery Post Abbott, Mary
Ellen Chijioke, Pink Dandelion, and John William Oliver Jr., 2011
Lutheranism, Second Edition, by Gün ther Gassmann, with Duane H. Larson
and Mark W. Oldenburg, 2011
Hinduism, New Edition, by Jeffery D. Long, 2011
Calvinism, by Stuart D. B. Picken, 2012
Hobbes’s Philosophy, by Juhana Lemetti, 2012
Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party, by Lawrence R.
Sullivan, 2012
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Historical Dictionary
of Hobbes’s Philosophy
Juhana Lemetti
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Lanham • Toronto • Plymouth, UK
2012
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Published by Scarecrow Press, Inc.
A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
http://www.scarecrowpress.com
Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom
Copyright © 2012 by Juhana Lemetti
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any
electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems,
without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote
passages in a review.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lemetti, Juhana.
Historical dictionary of Hobbes’s philosophy / Juhana Lemetti.
p. cm. — (Historical dictionaries of religions, philosophies, and movements)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-8108-5065-1 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8108-7533-3 (ebook)
1. Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679—Dictionaries. I. Title.
B1246.L46 2012
192—dc23
2011022853
™
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper
for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Printed in the United States of America
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Contents
Editor’s Foreword Jon Woronoff ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Abbreviations xvii
Illustrations xxi
Chronology xxiii
Introduction 1
THE DICTIONARY 27
Bibliography 365
About the Author 405
vii
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Editor’s Foreword
Thomas Hobbes is quite unlike most of the other philosophers who have ap-
peared thus far in the series, men who spent their careers mulling over serious
philosophical problems and coming up with ingenious solutions while in the
relative peace and quiet of academe. Hobbes’s career was not quite as simple
since, among other things, he had an exceptionally broad span of interests,
including optics, geometry (even that venerable puzzle of the squaring of the
circle), and science in general. But he has become most celebrated for his
moral and political philosophy, which was taken up in the public debate of
the time, often—but not always—with admiration. In fact, his views resulted
in the need to flee abroad, and much of his work was banned in England and
by the papacy. Nonetheless, his ideas on the state of nature, the law of nature,
the role of the state, and the need for a social contract were widely accepted
and helped shape the world we live in—although the core recommendation of
adopting a sovereign (most often a king) often lost out to democracy. More-
over, Hobbes helped release civil society from what he saw as the excessive
bonds of religion.
This Historical Dictionary of Hobbes’s Philosophy is therefore a welcome
addition to the series because it tells us much about a truly remarkable phi-
losopher and man of action, whose own life was intriguing and whose range
of interests was so broad and contributions so numerous that they could not
be done justice in a shorter work. To put all this in perspective, it is a good
idea to start with the chronology, which traces the many twists and turns of
a long and tumultuous career. This is fleshed out in the introduction, which
looks more deeply into Hobbes’s life, writings, and impact. Indeed, so much
can be said that the dictionary section has to provide a mass of details on his
many varied activities, on his relatively few but very consequential writings,
on his circle of friends and supporters (and also critics and enemies), and on
features of the world in which he lived and ultimately transformed. Other
entries examine more closely his concepts, terms, and propositions, many of
whose contemporary meanings have since become obscure. For those who
want to track down the originals, there are ample references to sources. How-
ever, a more serious study of Hobbes must be continued in his own writings,
ix
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