Table Of Content

HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF RELIGIONS, PHILOSOPHIES, AND MOVEMENTS JonWoronoff,SeriesEditor 1. Buddhism,byCharlesS.Prebish,1993 2. Mormonism,byDavisBitton,1994.Outofprint.SeeNo.32. 3. EcumenicalChristianity,byAnsJoachimvanderBent,1994 4. Terrorism,bySeanAndersonandStephenSloan,1995.Outofprint.SeeNo. 41. 5. Sikhism,byW.H.McLeod,1995.Outofprint.SeeNo.59. 6. Feminism,byJanetK.BolesandDianeLongHoeveler,1995.Outofprint.See No.52. 7. OlympicMovement,byIanBuchananandBillMallon,1995.Outofprint.See No.39. 8. Methodism,byCharlesYrigoyenJr.andSusanE.Warrick,1996.OutofPrint. SeeNo.57. 9. OrthodoxChurch,byMichaelProkurat,AlexanderGolitzin,andMichaelD. Peterson,1996 10. OrganizedLabor,byJamesC.Docherty,1996.Outofprint.SeeNo.50. 11. CivilRightsMovement,byRalphE.Luker,1997 12. Catholicism,byWilliamJ.Collinge,1997 13. Hinduism,byBruceM.Sullivan,1997 14. NorthAmericanEnvironmentalism,byEdwardR.WellsandAlanM. Schwartz,1997 15. WelfareState,byBentGreve,1998.Outofprint.SeeNo.63. 16. Socialism,byJamesC.Docherty,1997 17. Baha´’´ıFaith,byHughC.AdamsonandPhilipHainsworth,1998 18. Taoism,byJulianF.PasincooperationwithManKamLeung,1998 19. Judaism,byNormanSolomon,1998 20. GreenMovement,byElimPapadakis,1998 21. Nietzscheanism,byCarolDiethe,1999 22. GayLiberationMovement,byRonaldJ.Hunt,1999 23. IslamicFundamentalistMovementsintheArabWorld,Iran,andTurkey,by AhmadS.Moussalli,1999 24. ReformedChurches,byRobertBenedetto,DarrellL.Guder,andDonaldK. McKim,1999 25. Baptists,byWilliamH.Brackney,1999 26. CooperativeMovement,byJackShaffer,1999 27. ReformationandCounter-Reformation,byHansJ.Hillerbrand,2000 28. Shakers,byHolleyGeneDuffield,2000 29. UnitedStatesPoliticalParties,byHaroldF.BassJr.,2000 30. Heidegger’sPhilosophy,byAlfredDenker,2000 31. Zionism,byRafaelMedoffandChaimI.Waxman,2000 32. Mormonism,2nded.,byDavisBitton,2000 33. Kierkegaard’sPhilosophy,byJuliaWatkin,2001 34. HegelianPhilosophy,byJohnW.Burbidge,2001 35. Lutheranism,byGu¨ntherGassmannincooperationwithDuaneH.Larsonand MarkW.Oldenburg,2001 36. HolinessMovement,byWilliamKostlevy,2001 37. Islam,byLudwigW.Adamec,2001 38. Shinto,byStuartD.B.Picken,2002 39. OlympicMovement,2nded.,byIanBuchananandBillMallon,2001.Outof Print.SeeNo.61. 40. SlaveryandAbolition,byMartinA.Klein,2002 41. Terrorism,2nded.,bySeanAndersonandStephenSloan,2002 42. NewReligiousMovements,byGeorgeD.Chryssides,2001 43. ProphetsinIslamandJudaism,byScottB.NoegelandBrannonM.Wheeler, 2002 44. TheFriends(Quakers),byMargeryPostAbbott,MaryEllenChijioke,Pink Dandelion,andJohnWilliamOliver,Jr.,2003 45. LesbianLiberationMovement:StilltheRage,JoAnneMyers,2003 46. DescartesandCartesianPhilosophy,byRogerAriew,DennisDesChene, DouglasM.Jesseph,TadM.Schmaltz,andTheoVerbeek,2003 47. Witchcraft,byMichaelD.Bailey,2003 48. UnitarianUniversalism,byMarkW.Harris,2004 49. NewAgeMovements,byMichaelYork,2004 50. OrganizedLabor,2nded.,byJamesC.Docherty,2004 51. Utopianism,byJamesM.MorrisandAndreaL.Kross,2004 52. Feminism,2nded.,byJanetK.BolesandDianeLongHoeveler,2004 53. Jainism,byKristiL.Wiley,2004 54. Wittgenstein’sPhilosophy,byDuncanRichter,2004 55. Schopenhauer’sPhilosophy,byDavidE.Cartwright,2005 56. Seventh-dayAdventists,byGaryLand,2005 57. Methodism,2nded.,byCharlesYrigoyen,Jr.andSusanWarrick,2005 58. Sufism,byJohnRenard,2005 59. Sikhism,2nded.,byW.H.McLeod,2005 60. KantandKantianism,byHelmutHolzheyandVilemMudroch,2005 61. OlympicMovement,3rded.,byBillMallonwithIanBuchanan,2006 62. Anglicanism,byColinBuchanan,2006 63. WelfareState,2nded.,byBentGreve,2006 64. FeministPhilosophy,byCatherineVillanuevaGardner,2006 65. Logic,byHarryJ.Gensler,2006 Historical Dictionary of Feminist Philosophy Catherine Villanueva Gardner Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements, No. 64 The Scarecrow Press, Inc. • • Lanham, Maryland Toronto Oxford 2006 SCARECROWPRESS,INC. PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica byScarecrowPress,Inc. Awhollyownedsubsidiaryof TheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.scarecrowpress.com POBox317 Oxford OX29RU,UK Copyright(cid:2)2006byCatherineVillanuevaGardner Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Gardner,CatherineVillanueva. Historicaldictionaryoffeministphilosophy/CatherineVillanuevaGardner. p. cm.—(Historicaldictionariesofreligions,philosophies,and movements;no.64)Includesbibliographicalreferences. ISBN0-8108-5346-9(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.Feministtheory—Dictionaries. 2.Feministtheory—History— Dictionaries. I.Title. II.Series. HQ1190.G36 2006 108.2(cid:2)03—dc22 2005026561 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:4) Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsof AmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences—PermanenceofPaperfor PrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992.ManufacturedintheUnited StatesofAmerica. To L.V. Contents Editor’sForeword JonWoronoff ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Chronology xvii Introduction xxiii THEDICTIONARY 1 Bibliography 235 AbouttheAuthor 275 vii Editor’s Foreword Although outsiders may sometimes think that philosophy is one of the lessdynamicfields,solidlyrootedinthethoughtofphilosophersofear- lier days, that is far from the case. Nothing proves this more emphati- cally than feminist philosophy, a sector which barely existed a few shortdecadesago andwhichissteadilygrowing. Unlike othersectors, itisinsomewaysnarrower,focusingonthesituationofwomenbutnot byanymeansrestrictedtowomenphilosophers.Forthemoment,most of the activity islimited to North America and Europe,but the bound- ariesaregraduallyexpanding.Inotherways,itismuchbroader,having something to say about works of many of the canonical philosophers, sometimes approving, sometimes criticizing, and occasionally appro- priating. By now feminist philosophy is busy contributing to virtually every other branch of philosophy, whether ethics, epistemology, logic, or language, and also to Marxism, environmentalism, and obviously feminism. Historical Dictionary of Feminist Philosophy covers a much longer spanthanmerelythepastfewdecades.Indeed,thechronologystretches back to those ancient Greek philosophers who dealt with the relevant issuestangentially,andontomodernphilosophersforwhomthisisthe primaryconcern.ThedictionaryentriesthereforeincludeAristotleand Plato, and also Descartes and Kant, along with Wollstonecraft, Beau- voir, and Daly among the persons; care, ecofeminism, and racism amongthetopics;anddualism,femininity,anduniversalismamongthe concepts.Sincethisisstillayoungfield,theintroductionisparticularly helpful for understanding its origins, progress, and future agenda. Fi- nally, the rather extensive bibliography will be most useful for those whowanttoknowmoreofthedetails. This volume was written by Catherine Villanueva Gardner, whose earliereducationwasintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityofLeice- ix