Historical Dictionary of Ecuador

372 Pages·2019·3.384 MB·English

by  George M. Lauderbaugh

The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects,
includingAmericanandworld history,art, business,cities,countries, cultures, customs,
film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion,
sports,andtheater.Writtenbyexperts,allcontainhighlyinformativeintroductoryessays
on the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time
periodsbutstillmanagetoheavilyfeaturemorerecentevents.
BriefA–Zentriesdescribethemainpeople,events,politics,socialissues,institutions,
and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of
browsing.Extensivebibliographiesaredividedintoseveralgeneralsubjectareas,provid-
ing an excellent reference for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more.
Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high
schoolandcollegestudentsdoingtermpapersorintroductoryresearchprojects.Inshort,
thehistoricaldictionariesaretheperfectstartingpointforanyonelookingtoresearchin
thesefields.
HISTORICALDICTIONARIES
OFTHEAMERICAS
JonWoronoff,SeriesEditor
Honduras,2ndedition,byHarveyK.MeyerandJessieH.Meyer.1994.
Cuba,2ndedition,byJaimeSuchlicki.2001.
Mexico,2ndedition,byMarvinÀlisky.2008.
Haiti,byMichaelR.Hall.2012.
Colombia,byHarveyF.Kline.2012.
Panama,byThomasM.Leonard.2015.
DominicanRepublic,byEricPaulRoorda.2016.
ElSalvador,byOrlandoJ.Perez.2016.
Chile,4thedition,bySalvatoreBizzarro.2017.
Peru,byPeterF.Klarén.2017.
Venezuela,3rdedition,byTomásStraka,GuillermoGuzmánMirabal,andAlejandroE.
Cáceres.2018.
Guatemala,byMichaelF.Fry.2018.
TrinidadandTobago,byRita Pemberton,DebbieMcCollin,Gelien Matthews,and Mi-
chaelToussaint.2018.
Costa Rica, new edition, by David Diaz-Arias, Ronny Viales Hurtado, and Juan José
MarinHernández.2019.
Argentina,newedition,byBernardoA.DugganandColinM.Lewis.2019.
Ecuador,byGeorgeM.Lauderbaugh.2019.
Historical Dictionary of Ecuador
George M. Lauderbaugh
ROWMAN&LITTLEFIELD
Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•London
PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield
AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc.
4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706
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Copyright©2019byGeorgeM.Lauderbaugh
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany
electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems,
withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote
passagesinareview.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Name:Lauderbaugh,George,author.
Title:HistoricaldictionaryofEcuador/GeorgeM.Lauderbaugh.
Description:Lanham,MD:Rowman&Littlefield,[2018]|Series:Historicaldictionariesofthe
Americas|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2018060879(print)|LCCN2018061233(ebook)|ISBN9781538102466(elec-
tronic)|ISBN9781538102459(cloth:alk.paper)
Subjects:LCSH:Ecuador—History—Dictionaries.
Classification:LCCF3731(ebook)|LCCF3731.L3872018(print)|DDC986.6003—dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018060879
ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican
NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary
Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
Formorethanfivedecadesofkindnessandgenerosity,Ihumblydedicatethisbookin
heartfeltappreciationtoallmyEcuadorianfriends.
OnEcuadorianhospitality:
“Theyareexceedinglygoodnatured,pleasant,andcourteous.Theyoverwhelmstrangers
withkindnessandattentions.Thereisperhapsnocountryintheworldinwhichonecan
walkaloneandunarmedwithmoreperfectsecuritythanintheinteriorofEcuador.”
—FourYearsamongtheEcuadoriansbyFriedrichHassaurek,1867
“TheEcuadorianisnotsimplyhospitableinanunheard-ofstyle.Heactuallyenjoys
giving.Onaboat,theEcuadorianwilltreatthewholeshiptoadrink.Andithurtshim
verymuchnottobeabletoinvitebyradioalltheshipsgoinginhisdirectiontodrawup
alongside.Ihavehadpointedouttomemorethanoneruinedex-multi-millionairewho
hadgothimselfthatwayjustthroughgiving.”
—TheTravelJournalofHenriMichaux,1928

Contents
Editor’sForeword ix
Preface xi
AcronymsandAbbreviations xv
Maps xxiii
Chronology xxvii
Introduction 1
THEDICTIONARY 25
Appendix:Presidents,SupremeChiefs,andJuntasofEcuador,
1830–2018 295
Bibliography 303
AbouttheAuthor 323
vii

Editor’s Foreword
Ecuador is one of the smaller countries in South America, with recorded
historystretchingbacktopre-Incatimes.ItgainedindependencefromSpain
in 1830 and has only recently resolved border disputes with its neighbors.
There has been a variety of leadership over a fairly short time, although the
previouspresident,RafaelCorrea,wasinpowerformorethanadecade.The
currentpresident,LeninMoreno,tookpowerpeacefullyandhasmanagedto
consolidatehiscontroloverthecountry.Thecountryliesontheequator,but
its climate varies greatly in the coastal zone, sierra, Amazon region, and
distant Galápagos Islands, known for their biodiversity, and its economy is
dependentonbananasaswellaspetroleumproducts.
This long-awaited Historical Dictionary of Ecuador examines the coun-
try’s geographical, historical, economic, and cultural history, as it has given
rise to an amazingly varied and often distinctive culture. Details are con-
tained in hundreds of individual entries in the dictionary section, many on
people, political parties and institutions, and events, and a chronology and
introductionprovide the general framework. An appendix lists past and cur-
rent heads of state, and the large and well-structured bibliography is invalu-
ableforfindingadditionalsourcesforfurtherinformation.
This volume is written by George M. Lauderbaugh, whose acquaintance
with Ecuador began in 1962 when he was a high school exchange student.
Aftera25-year-longcareerintheU.S.AirForce,heearnedaPh.D.fromthe
University of Alabama in history and international relations—in particular
the U.S.-Ecuadorian relationship. He taught courses on Latin American his-
tory at Jacksonville State University for 17 years and wrote three books on
Ecuador: The History of Ecuador, Estados Unidos y Ecuador: Conflicto y
Convergencia, 1830–1946 (The United States and Ecuador: Conflict and
Convergence,1830–1946),andHistoriaPolíticadelEcuador(PoliticalHis-
tory of Ecuador). He has lectured at the School of Latin American Social
Studies (FLASCO) in Quito and is an honorary member of the National
Academy of History of Ecuador. It would have been difficult to find some-
onewithabroaderscopeofknowledgeanddeeperattachmenttothecountry
towritethisbook.
JonWoronoff
SeriesEditor
ix