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Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence (Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, No. 1) PDF

716 Pages·2005·2.63 MB·English
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MilitaryHistory W E S T HistoricalDictionariesofIntelligenceandCounterintelligence,No.1 Praisefortheauthor: HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF “His information is so precise that many people believe he is the unofficial historianofthesecretservices.West’ssourcesareundoubtedlyexcellent. His booksarepepperedwithdeliberatecluestopotentialfront-pagestories.” —SundayTimes(UK) Launching a new series—Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence—thisbookexaminestheshadowyworldofspiesandprovides the most detailed, comprehensive, and accurate information available on a topicthathasprovednotoriouslydifficulttoresearch.TheHistoricalDictionary of British Intelligence offers insight into the history and operations of British Intelligence through its more than 1,800 entries on a vast and varied cast of characters(spiesandtheirhandles,molesanddefectors,politicalleaders,and topbrass),techniquesandjargon,officesandorganizations,agencies,operations (includingdouble-agentanddeceptioncampaigns),andevents.Thishistorical I dictionary, featuring thirty-nine photographs, an extensive chronology, and N acomprehensivebibliography,containsthemostup-to-datedeclassifiedmaterial T but is written in an easy-to-read style, perfect for professional and general readersalike. E Nigel West is a military historian specializing in intelligence and security L issues, the European editor of the International Journal of Intelligence and H I S T O R I C A L D I C T I O N A R Y O F L Counterintelligence,alecturerattheCentreforCounterintelligenceandSecurity Studies,andtheauthorofTheThirdSecretandMortalCrimes.Itwouldbedifficult I tofindamoresuitableauthorforthishistoricaldictionary. Mr.Westhasbeen G writing about intelligence and security issues for several decades, producing abouttwentybooksontheBritish,Russian,andothersecretservices. Hehas E also lectured extensively on the subject, was voted “the expert’s expert” by a N panel of spy writers selected by The Observer, and recently received the first LifetimeLiteratureAchievementAwardfromtheU.S.AssociationofFormer C IntelligenceOfficers. INTELLIGENCE E Forordersandinformationpleasecontactthepublisher ScarecrowPress,Inc. Awhollyownedsubsidiaryof TheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200 Lanham,Maryland20706 1-800-462-6420 fax717-794-3803 www.scarecrowpress.com CoverdesignbyJasonEnterline N I G E L W E S T HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE SERIES JonWoronoff,SeriesEditor 1. BritishIntelligence,byNigelWest,2005. Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence Nigel West Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, No. 1 The Scarecrow Press, Inc. • • Lanham, Maryland Toronto Oxford 2005 SCARECROWPRESS,INC. PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica byScarecrowPress,Inc. Awhollyownedsubsidiaryof TheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.scarecrowpress.com POBox317 Oxford OX29RU,UK Copyright(cid:2)2005byNigelWest Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData West,Nigel. HistoricaldictionaryofBritishintelligence/NigelWest. p. cm.—(Historicaldictionariesofintelligenceandcounterintelligence; no.1) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-8108-5050-8(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.Intelligenceservice—GreatBritain—History—Dictionaries. 2.Military intelligence—GreatBritain—History—Dictionaries. I.Title. II.Series. JN329.I6W473 2005 327.1241(cid:2)003—dc22 2004029961 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:4) Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsof AmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences—PermanenceofPaperfor PrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992.ManufacturedintheUnited StatesofAmerica. Contents Editor’sForeword(JonWoronoff) vii AcronymsandAbbreviations ix Chronology xv Introduction xxi THEDICTIONARY 1 Bibliography 607 Index 629 AbouttheAuthor 665 v Editor’s Foreword It seems only fitting that the volume on British Intelligence should be thefirstinthisnewseriesofHistoricalDictionariesofIntelligenceand Counterintelligence. After all, it is the oldest organized structure of its kind, although there were admittedly countless earlier precedents of states spying on other states (while trying to keep those other states from spying on them) and historically there were also simpler, more rudimentary arrangements within what became the United Kingdom before modern intelligence emerged. It was the British who developed mostof thebasicaspects, refinedmost oftheessential techniques,and put together the most intricate organization. For the longest time they were the paragons as regards imagination, effectiveness, and cunning, although they are now outpaced by the Americans on technical gad- getryandcouldneverquitematchtheSovietsintermsofsheerruthless- ness.ThisdoesnotmeanthattheBritishgoteverythingright;theymost definitely did not, and British Intelligence is still a work in progress, havinggonethroughrepeatedreformsanddoubtlesslyheadedformore further down the road. But, and not every other intelligence organiza- tioncansaythesame,thesuccessesclearlyhaveoutnumberedthefail- ures and, what is even more important, Her Majesty’s team repeatedly beat the bad guys and lived to tell the tale (or keep it secret, as they preferred). Thisvolumeprovidesconsiderableinsightintothehistoryandopera- tionsofBritishIntelligence.Theentriescoveravastandvariedcastof characters, the spies and their handlers, the moles and defectors, the political leaders, the top brass, and many further down. Other entries explain the techniques and jargon. And still others describe the many different offices and operations, whether MI5, SIS, or GCHQ (which are fortunately also listed with the acronyms for those whose memory is not infinite). The chronology shows how this all evolved over time vii viii • EDITOR’SFOREWORD while the introduction puts things in context. The bibliography should notbeforgotten,certainlynotinthissortofbook,becausethatiswhere readers can find clues to the constantly increasing literature on what is one of the most fascinating of fields. Admittedly, this Historical Dic- tionaryofBritishIntelligencecannotbereadlikeanovel,butthatdoes notreallymattersincetherearesomanyofthosearound.Itdoessome- thing far more important: it provides rather quick and direct access to the information on which the many books are based and helps readers notonlytofigureoutwhatisgoingonbutalsotoestimatejusthowfar theauthors(whetherofnonfiction,fiction,orsomeindeterminatemid- dleground)canbetrusted. This historical dictionary was written by probably the ideal author forthetask,NigelWest.Alreadyinterestedinintelligenceandsecurity issueswhileatuniversity,hesoonbeganwritingonthesubject,produc- ing about 20 notable works of nonfiction so far with more doubtlessly to come. Most deal with the British operations, while some focus on Soviet and other varieties.Most cover the periods of WorldWar II and theColdWar,butothersgofurtherback.Takentogether,thereisnoth- ing quite like it and Nigel West is widely regarded as one of the (or perhaps the) foremost authorities on British Intelligence. Indeed, in 1989 he was voted the Experts’ Expert by a panel of spy writers se- lected by the Observer. In 2003 he was awarded the U.S. Association of Former Intelligence Officers’ first Lifetime Literature Achievement Award. Aside from that, Nigel West has lectured widely and been a memberoftheHouseofCommons.Asstated,probablytheidealperson forthejob. JonWoronoff SeriesEditor

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Launches a new series of Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence that examines the shadowy world of spies - providing the most detailed, comprehensive, and accurate information available on a topic that has proved notoriously difficult to research. This Dictionary offers ins
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