Historical Dictionary of Anglo-American Relations (Historical Dictionaries of U.S. Diplomacy)

345 Pages·2009·2.36 MB·English

by  Sylvia Ellis

HISTORICALDICTIONARIES OFU.S. DIPLOMACY
Jon Woronoff, Series Editor
1. U.S. Diplomacy from the Civil War to World War I, by Kenneth J.
Blume, 2005.
2. United States–China Relations,by Robert Sutter, 2006.
3. United States–Latin American Relations,by Joseph Smith, 2007.
4. United States–Japan Relations, by John Van Sant, Peter Mauch,
and Yoneyuki Sugita, 2007.
5. United States–Middle East Relations, by Peter L. Hahn, 2007.
6. U.S. Diplomacy since the Cold War, by Tom Lansford, 2007.
7. United States–Southeast Asia Relations,by Donald E. Weatherbee,
2008.
8. United States–Russian/Soviet Relations, by Norman E. Saul, 2009.
9. United States–Africa Relations, by Robert Anthony Waters Jr.,
2009.
10. Anglo–American Relations,by Sylvia Ellis, 2009.

Historical Dictionary
of Anglo–American
Relations
Sylvia Ellis
Historical Dictionaries of U.S.,
Diplomacy, No. 10
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Lanham, Maryland • Toronto • Plymouth, UK
2009
SCARECROWPRESS, INC.
Published in the United States of America
by Scarecrow Press, Inc.
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The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
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Copyright ©2009 by Sylvia Ellis
All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ellis, Sylvia.
Historical dictionary of Anglo-American relations / Sylvia Ellis.
p. cm. — (Historical dictionaries of U.S. diplomacy ; no. 10)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5564-9 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8108-5564-X (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-6297-5 (ebook)
ISBN-10: 0-8108-6297-2 (ebook)
1. United States–Foreign relations–Great Britain–Dictionaries. 2. Great
Britain–Foreign relations–United States–Dictionaries. I. Title.
E183.8.G7E45 2009
327.4107303–dc22 2008046336
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The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper
for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
To Anthony

Contents
Editor’s Foreword Jon Woronoff ix
Acknowledgments xi
Acronyms and Abbreviations xiii
Chronology xv
Introduction 1
THE DICTIONARY 29
Appendix A List of U.S. Presidents and Secretaries of State 251
Appendix B List of British Prime Ministers and
Foreign Secretaries 257
Appendix C List of U.S. Ambassadors to Great Britain 263
Appendix D List of British Ambassadors to the United States 267
Bibliography 271
About the Author 313
vii

Editor’s Foreword
The “special relationship” existing between the United States and the
United Kingdom (Great Britain) is exceptional in more ways than one.
It is singular in the very positive sense that these two countries have
managed to remain on sufficiently good terms for well over two cen-
turies. Despite one having thrown off the colonial domination of the
other and both having engaged in a nasty little war not so long after,
they have maintained a relationship that has ranged from satisfactory to
excellent. Certainly, the cooperation and support during two world wars
and the Cold War was exceptional. Even now that Britain is drawn to-
ward European partners, there is no doubt that it has stood by the United
States more than could be expected . . . and sometimes even more than
might have been deserved. The other side of this special relationship is
that, despite the daunting switch from a twosome in which Britain was
by far the stronger partner to a twosome in which it was an increasingly
junior partner, the two countries know they can still count on one an-
other. Moreover, this relationship remains fairly solid, buttressed not
only on a common language and culture (although increasingly less so
for the latter aspect) but also by their close cooperation on politics, de-
fense, economics, trade, and many other fields.
The trajectory of this long relationship, including the many swings
and roundabouts, is carefully and quite fairly described in this Histori-
cal Dictionary of Anglo–American Relations. The connections between
the two countries are first charted over the years in an extensive
chronology and presented more fully in the introduction. The dictionary
section looks closely at the many details, with numerous entries on the
more significant events and crises (from minor irritations to major wars)
and the varied and sometimes quite impressive cast of characters,
Americans and Britons and sometimes both. Other entries deal with the
institutional framework and abiding issues. This passage through time
ix