Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan 3rd Edition (Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East)

612 Pages·2003·2.78 MB·English

by  Ludwig W. Adamec

Asian/Oceanian Historical Dictionaries
Edited by Jon Woronoff
Asia
1. Vietnam, by William J. Duiker. 1989. Out of print. See No. 27.
2. Bangladesh, 2nd ed., by Craig Baxter and Syedur Rahman. 1996
3. Pakistan, by Shahid Javed Burki. 1991. Out of print. See No. 33.
4. Jordan, by Peter Gubser. 1991
5. Afghanistan, by Ludwig W. Adamec. 1991. Out of print. See No. 47.
6. Laos, by Martin Stuart-Fox and Mary Kooyman. 1992. Out of
print. See No. 35.
7. Singapore, by K. Mulliner and Lian The-Muliner. 1991
8. Israel, by Bernard Reich. 1992
9. Indonesia, by Robert Cribb. 1992
10. Hong Kong and Macau, by Elfed Vaughan Robert, Sum Ngai Ling,
and Peter Bradshaw. 1992
11. Korea, by Andrew C. Hahm. 1993
12. Taiwan, by John F. Copper. 1993. Out of print. See No. 34.
13. Malaysia, by Amarjit Kaur. 1993. Out of print. See No. 36.
14. Saudi Arabia, by J. E. Peterson. 1993.Out of print. See No. 45.
15. Myanmar, by Jan Becka. 1995
16. Iran, by John H. Lorentz. 1995
17. Yemen, by Robert D. Burrowes. 1995
18. Thailand, by May Kyi Win and Harold Smith. 1995
19. Mongolia, by Alan J. K. Sanders. 1996. Out of print. See No. 42.
20. India, by Surjit Mansingh. 1996
21. Gulf Arab States, by Malcolm C. Peck. 1996
22. Syria, by David Commins. 1996
23. Palestine, by Nafez Y. Nazzal and Laila A. Nazzal. 1997
24. Philippines, by Artemio R. Guillermo and May Kyi Win. 1997
Oceania
1. Australia, by James C. Docherty. 1992. Out of print. See No. 32.
2. Polynesia, by Robert D. Craig. 1993. Out of print. See No. 39.
3. Guam and Micronesia, by William Wuerch and Dirk Ballendorf.
1994
4. Papua New Guinea, by Ann Turner. 1994. Out of print. See No. 37.
5. New Zealand, by Keith Jackson and Alan McRobie. 1996
New Combined Series
25. Brunei Darussalam, by D. S. Ranjit Singh and Jatswan S. Sidhu.
1997
26. Sri Lanka, by S. W. R. de A. Samarasinghe and Vidyamalia Sama-
rasinghe. 1998
27. Vietnam, 2nd ed., by William J. Duiker. 1998
28. People’s Republic of China:1948–1997, by Lawrence R. Sullivan,
with the assistance of Nancy Hearst. 1998
29. Afghanistan, 2nd ed., by Ludwig W. Adamec. 1997. Out of Print.
See No. 47.
30. Lebanon, by As’ad AbuKhalil. 1998
31. Azerbaijan, by Tadeusz Swietochowski and Brian C. Collins. 1999
32. Australia, 2nd ed., by James C. Docherty. 1999
33. Pakistan, 2nd ed., by Shahid Javed Burki. 1999
34. Taiwan (Republic of China), 2nd ed., by John F. Copper. 2000
35. Laos, 2nd ed., by Martin Stuart-Fox. 2001
36. Malaysia, 2nd ed., by Amarjit Kaur. 2001
37. Papua New Guinea, 2nd ed., by Ann Turner. 2001
38. Tajikistan, by Kamoludin Abdullaev and Shahram Akbarzedeh.
2002
39. Polynesia, 2nd ed., by Robert D. Craig. 2002
40. North Korea, by Ilpyong J. Kim. 2003
41. Armenia, by Rouben Paul Adalian. 2002
42. Mongolia, 2nd ed., by Alan J. K. Sanders. 2003
43. Cambodia, by Justin Corfield and Laura Summers. 2003
44. Iraq, by Edmund A. Ghareeb. 2003
45. Saudi Arabia, 2nd ed., by J. E. Peterson. 2003
46. Nepal, by Nanda R. Shrestha and Keshav Bhattarai. 2003
47. Afghanistan, 3rd ed., by Ludwig W. Adamec. 2003
Historical Dictionary
of Afghanistan
Third Edition
Ludwig W. Adamec
Asian/Oceanian
Historical Dictionaries, No. 47
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Lanham, Maryland, and Oxford
2003
SCARECROWPRESS,INC.
Published in the United States of America
by Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Awholly owned subsidiary of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
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Copyright ©2003 by Ludwig W. Adamec
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission
of the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Adamec, Ludwig W.
Historical dictionary of Afghanistan / Ludwig W. Adamec. 3rd ed.
p. cm. (Asian/Oceanian historical dictionaries ; no. 47)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 081084852X (alk. paper)
1. Afghanistan History Dictionaries. I. Title. II. Series.
DS356 .A27 2003
958.1'003 dc21
2003010163
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The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper
for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.481992.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
To Rahella

Contents
Editor’s Foreword Jon Woronoff ix
Abbreviations and Acronyms xi
Reader’s Note xiii
Maps of Afghanistan xv
Introduction xvii
THE DICTIONARY 1
Appendixes
Appendix 1: Major Sections of the “Durand Agreement” 399
Appendix 1A: The Legal Case for the Durand Line 403
Appendix 2: Soviet Report on Intervention in Afghanistan in
December 1979 409
Appendix 3: Interim Agreement 411
Appendix 4: Military Technical Agreement 425
Appendix 5: Commission for Loya Jirga 435
Appendix 5A: Procedures for Afghanistan’s Emergency
Loya Jirga 437
Appendix 6: Transitional Government 449
Appendix 7: Taliban Government 453
Chronology 457
Bibliography 533
About the Author 585
vii

Editor’s Foreword
In Afghanistan, history is always in the making. Just since the last edi-
tion, which was updated to include the Marxist period and warfare
against the Soviet Union plus the emergence of the Taliban, this third
edition can now add the painful rule of the Taliban and their fall to a
broad coalition after September 11, 2001, and a war that is not really
over in spite of the coming of an interim and then transitional govern-
ment. Much of this “new” history is totally confusing if one is not fa-
miliar with the “old” history, going back many centuries since Afghanistan
is heir to a tradition of 3,500 years, replete with great kingdoms and
sometime glorious rulers, as well as periods of domination by neighbors
and imperial powers such as Great Britain and Russia/Soviet Union.
These are among the many strands that make the third edition of the
Historical Dictionary of Afghanistanso welcome.
This new edition has an expanded and updated dictionary with entries
on important persons, places, events, institutions, practices, ethnic and
religious groups, political parties, and Islamist movements. It also cov-
ers significant aspects of the economy, society, and culture. To facilitate
the transition from one period to another, it has an unusually large
chronology. And some handy appendixes and lists of rulers and gov-
ernments have been added. Finally, in the bibliography, it directs read-
ers to further literature.
Professor Ludwig Adamec is one of the leading authorities on
Afghanistan, which he visits frequently. He teaches Near Eastern
Studies at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Over the years, he has
written extensively on Afghanistan politics, foreign relations, and so-
ciety, including Islam. He has produced a number of books, includ-
ing a historical gazetteer and biographical dictionaries, and most re-
cently, a Dictionary of Afghan Wars, Revolutions, and Insurgencies
ix