Historical Dictionary of Aesthetics

321 Pages·2008·1.58 MB·English

Historical Dictionary
of Aesthetics
Dabney Townsend
Historical Dictionaries of Religions,
Philosophies, and Movements, No. 72
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
• •
Lanham, Maryland Toronto Oxford
2006
PAGEiii
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Historicaldictionaryofaesthetics/DabneyTownsend.
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Includesbibliographicalreferences.
ISBN-13:978-0-8108-5539-7(hardcover:alk.paper)
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Contents
Editor’sForeword(JonWoronoff) vii
Reader’sNote ix
Chronology xi
Introduction xvii
THEDICTIONARY 1
Bibliography 337
AbouttheAuthor 371
v
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Reader’s Note
Ahistoricaldictionaryinanareaofphilosophypresentssomedifficul-
ties. The chronology can be little more than a list of significant works
thathavemarkedthedevelopmentofaesthetics.Ideasdonothavespe-
cificdates.Theyemergegradually,recur,andshiftwithdifferent writ-
ers and artists. Moreover, when one approaches the recent history of
aesthetics, a chronology would have to be either very limited or very
extensive. The one provided here is the former and is intended to be
representativeofproblemsandareasinaesthetics.
As one moves closer to the present, it becomes more difficult to as-
sesswhatshouldbeincluded.Forexample,itisimpossibletodetailall
ofthe 20th-centuryworkon aesthetics inthiscontext. Theanthologies
included in the Bibliography will provide a more detailed guide. The
namesmentionedinparenthesesintheIntroductionareneitherexhaus-
tive nor definitive; they are intended to give some indication of the
rangeofacademicphilosophicalaestheticswithoutimplyingthatother
philosophers might not have an equal claim to attention. For works by
the philosophers mentioned, refer to the Bibliography. Some leading
figuresin20th-centuryphilosophicalmovementsaredealtwithinsepa-
ratedictionaryentries,butmoststrictlyacademicphilosophyofartand
aesthetics is covered topically, and the philosophers themselves are
mentionedonlyintheBibliography,whichgivesarepresentativeselec-
tionofworksoneachtopic.Aselectionofrecentwork(1990andafter)
isalsoprovidedintheBibliography.
Each entry provides cross-references to other entries in boldfaced
type. Many of the cross-references are to entries that deal with broad
concepts or topics. The way that the reference appears in other entries
willvaryaccordingtoitsgrammaticalposition.Sothedictionaryentry
on ‘beauty’ will also be cross-referenced by the words ‘beautiful,’
‘beauties,’ and even ‘beautifully’ in bold when those words appear in
ix
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x • READER’SNOTE
other entries. The dictionary entry may also become part of a com-
pound. For example,a dictionary entry for ‘psychology ofart’ may be
cross-referenced when the terms ‘psychology’ or ‘psychological’ ap-
pearinotherentries.Lookingupthewordinboldshouldmakeitclear
whattheprimaryentryis.
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Chronology
I.CLASSICALANDMEDIEVALAESTHETICS
Plato(427–347BCE) PlatonicdialoguesRepublic,Ion,
Symposium,andPhaedrus
Aristotle(?–323BCE) Poetics,Rhetoric
Agesander,Athenodorus,Polydorus Laocoo¨nstatuegroup
(ca.2ndc.BCE)
Horace(65–8BCE) ArsPoetica(EpistletothePisos)(c.13
BCE)
Vitruvius(1stc.BCE–1stc.CE) DeArchitectura
Longinus(1stc.CE) OntheSublime
Quintilian(ca.35–ca.95) InstitutioOratoria
Plotinus(204–270) Enneads
Augustine(354–430) DeMusica
AbbotSuger(1081–1151) ConstructionandornamentationofSt.
Denis
Hugh(1096–1141)andRichard(?– Allegoricalinterpretation;commentary
1173)ofSt.Victor onCelestialHierarchyofPseudo-
Dionysius
St.Bonaventure(1221–1274) RetracingtheArtstoTheology
St.ThomasAquinas(1226–1274) SummaTheologica
DanteAlighieri(1265–1321) DivineComedyandLetters
II. RENAISSANCEAESTHETICS
LeonBattistaAlberti(1404–1472) OnPainting(1435)
LeonardoDaVinci(1452–1519) Trattatodellapitura(1482–1499)
GiorgioVasari(1511–1574) LivesoftheMostEminentPainters,
SculptorsandArchitects(1550/1568)
AndreaPalladio(1508–1580) TheFourBooksofArchitecture(1570)
PhilipSidney(1554–1586) AnApologyforPoetry(1583)
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xii • CHRONOLOGY
GiovanniBattistaArmenini OntheTruePreceptsofPainting(1586)
(1530–1609)
FederigoZuccaro(1543–1609) LamentodellaPittura(1605)
III. EARLYMODERNAESTHETICS
Neo-Classicism
NicholasBoileau(1636–1711) L’artpoe´tique(1674)
Rene´LeBossu(1631–1680) Traite´dupoe`mee´pique(1675)
JohnDryden(1631–1700) ‘‘Preface’’toCharlesduFresony’sDe
ArteGraphica(1695)
Jean-BaptisteDubos(1670–1742) CriticalReflectionsonPoetryand
Painting(1719)
A.G.Baumgarten(1714–1762) Aesthetica(1750)
JohannJoachimWinckelmann HistoryofAncientArt(1764)
(1717–1768)
G.E.Lessing(1729–1781) HamburgDramaturgy(1767–1768)
TheFrenchEnlightenment
RogerDePiles(1635–1709) DiscourseonPainting(1708)
Jean-PhilippeRameau(1685–1764) TreatiseonHarmonyReducedtoits
Principles(1722)
Jean-JacquesRousseau(1712–1778) Lettertod’AlembertontheTheatre
(1758)
Voltaire(1694–1778) PhilosophicalDictionary(1764)
DenisDiderot(1713–1778) Salonsof1765and1767and
Encyclope´die
JeanD’Alembert(1717–1783) EditoroftheEncyclope´die(withDenis
Diderot)
BritishSentimentalAesthetics
AnthonyAshleyCooper,thirdEarlof CharacteristicsofMen,Manners,
Shaftesbury(1671–1713) Opinions,Times(1711)
JosephAddison(1672–1719) Spectatoressaysonthepleasuresofthe
imagination(1712)
FrancisHutcheson(1694–1746) AnInquiryintotheOriginalofOur
IdeasofBeautyandVirtue(1725)
DavidHartley(1705–1757) ObservationsonMan(1749)
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CHRONOLOGY • xiii
WilliamHogarth(1697–1764) TheAnalysisofBeauty(1753)
DavidHume(1711–1776) ‘‘OftheStandardofTaste’’(1757)
EdmundBurke(1729–1797) APhilosophicalEnquiryintothe
OriginsofOurIdeasoftheSublime
andBeautiful(1757)
AlexanderGerard(1728–1795) EssayonTaste(1759)
AdamSmith(1723–1790) TheoryofMoralSentiments(1759)
HenryHome,LordKames ElementsofCriticism(1762)
(1696–1782)
JosephPriestley(1733–1804) ACourseofLecturesonOratoryand
Criticism(1759/1777)
ThomasReid(1710–1796) AnInquiryintotheHumanMindonthe
PrinciplesofCommonSense(1764)
JoshuaReynolds(1723–1792) Discourses(1769–1790)
HughBlair(1718–1800) LecturesonRhetoricandBellesLettres
(1783)
ArchibaldAlison(1757–1839) EssaysontheNatureandPrinciplesof
Taste(1790)
DugaldStewart(1753–1828) PhilosophicalEssays(1810)
IV.19TH-CENTURYAESTHETICS
KantandRomanticism
ImmanuelKant(1724–1804) CritiqueofJudgment(1790)
FriedrichvonSchiller(1759–1805) OntheAestheticEducationofMan
(1794)
FriedrichvonSchelling(1775–1854) SystemofTranscendentalIdealism
(1800)
A.W.vonSchlegel(1767–1845)& ThejournalAthenaeumpublished
FriedrichvonSchlegel(1772–1829) between1798and1800
WilliamWordsworth(1770–1850) PrefacetotheLyricalBallads(1800)
SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772–1834) BiographiaLiteraria(1817)
PercyByssheShelley(1792–1822) DefenceofPoetry(1821)
HegelandCulturalAesthetics
G.W.F.Hegel(1770–1831) EncyclopediaofthePhilosophical
Sciences(1817)
Aesthetics:LecturesonFineArt
(deliveredbetween1818and1829;
collectedandpublished
posthumouslyin1835)
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xiv • CHRONOLOGY
ArthurSchopenhauer(1788–1860) TheWorldasWillandIdea(1818)
RichardWagner(1813–1883) TheArtWorkoftheFuture(1850)
EduardHanslick(1825–1904) TheBeautifulinMusic(1854)
FriedrichNietzsche(1844–1900) TheBirthofTragedyOutoftheSpiritof
Music(1872)
JohnRuskin(1819–1900) ModernPainters(1843)
Artforart’ssake(aestheticism)
The´ophileGautier(1811–1872) Emauxetcame´es(Enamelsand
Cameos)(1852)
WalterPater(1839–1894) StudiesintheHistoryofthe
Renaissance(1868)
OscarWilde(1854–1900) ‘‘TheDecayofLying’’(1889)
LeoTolstoy(1828–1910) WhatisArt?(1897–1898)
V.20TH-CENTURYAESTHETICS
PsychologyandAesthetics
SigmundFreud(1856–1939) TheInterpretationofDreams(1900)
EdwardBullough(1880–1934) ‘‘‘PsychicalDistance’asaFactorinArt
andasanAestheticPrinciple’’(1912)
Bloomsbury
RogerFry(1866–1934) Transformations(1925)
CliveBell(1881–1964) Art(1913)(SignificantForm)
Futurism
F.T.Marinetti(1876–1944) ‘‘FuturistManifesto’’(1909)
Dada
MarcelDuchamp(1887–1968) ‘‘Fountain’’(1917)
Surrealism
AndreBreton(1896–1966) SurrealistManifestos(1924–1934)
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CHRONOLOGY • xv
Idealism
BenedettoCroce(1866–1952) TheAestheticastheScienceofthe
ExpressionandtheLinguisticin
General(1902)
BernardBosanquet(1848–1923) ThreeLecturesonAesthetics(1915)
R.G.Collingwood(1889–1943) PrinciplesofArt(1938)
Neo-Kantianism
ErnstCassirer(1874–1945) ThePhilosophyofSymbolicForms
(1923–1929)
SusanneLanger(1895–1985) FeelingandForm(1953)
Pragmatism
JohnDewey(1859–1952) ArtasExperience(1934)
MarxistAesthetics/FrankfurtSchool/
CriticalTheory
Gyo¨rgy(Georg)Luka´cs(1885–1971) TheTheoryoftheNovel(1916)
WalterBenjamin(1892–1940) TheWorkofArtintheAgeof
MechanicalReproduction(1936)
TheodorAdorno(1903–1969) AestheticTheory
PhenomenologicalandExistentialistAesthetics
MartinHeidegger(1889–1976) BeingandTime(1927)
TheOriginoftheWorkofArt(1935)
RomanIngarden(1893–1970) TheLiteraryWorkofArt(1931)
MauriceMerleau-Ponty(1908–1961) ThePhenomenologyofPerception
(1945)
Jean-PaulSartre(1905–1980) WhatisLiterature?(1947)
MikelDufrenne(1910–1995) PhenomenologyofAesthetic
Experience(1953)
Hans-GeorgGadamer(1900–2002) TruthandMethod(1960)
PaulRicoeur(1913–2005) TheRuleofMetaphor(1975)
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