Historical demography of the Coeur d' Alene 1900-1930

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Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, &
Graduate School
Professional Papers
2006
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Christina Joy. Heiner
The University of Montana
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8/98
A HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY OF
THE COEUR D’ALENE 1900-1930
By
Christina Joy Heiner
B.A., The University of Montana
Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
Master of Arts
The University of Montana
May 2006
Approved b
Dean, Graduate School
5 -VD -O k
Date
UMl Number: EP40817
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UMI EP40817
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Heiner, Christina, M.A., May 2006 Anthropology
A Historical Demography of the Coeur d’Alene 1900-1930
Chairperson: Gregory R. CampbelV/UQ )
This study investigated population and demographic changes of the Coeur d’Alene tribe
from 1900-1930. The Coeur d’Alene population declined in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries from epidemics such as smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, and
malaria. Although the Coeur d’Alene population did increase slightly by 1930, health
conditions on the reservation remained poor. Diseases and illnesses such as tuberculosis,
pneumonia, influenza, and trachoma were widely spread and prevalent on the reservation,
especially among school-age children and infants. Unsanitary and crowded living
conditions, lack of access to medical care, and the loss of land from allotment further
contributed to poor health conditions that were present on the reservation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES.................................................... .......................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................. viii
CHAPTER ONE:
Introduction.................................................................................................. 1
American Indian Populations and Problems
Concerning Demographic Data.....................................................................4
Theoretical Perspective..................................................................................6
The Study Population.....................................................................................8
Summary........................................................................................................10
CHAPTER TWO:
Historical Background
of the Coeur d’Alene to 1900........................................................................ 12
Social and Political Organization..................................................................12
Subsistence..................................................................................................... 14
Life Cycle.......................................................................................................16
Agents of Change...........................................................................................20
European Contact...........................................................................................22
The Establishment of the Coeur d’Alene Reservation .....................26
Population and Disease History to 1900....................................................... 32
Summary........................................................................................................36
iii
CHAPTER THREE:
Materials and Methods...................................................................................38
Sources of Data.......................................... 38
Demography....................................................................................................40
Population Change..........................................................................................41
Fertility.................. 42
Mortality.........................................................................................................46
Migration....................................................... 49
Sex Ratio.........................................................................................................50
Population Structure........................................................................................50
CHAPTER FOUR:
Results............................................ 53
Population Change..........................................................................................53
Fertility............................................................................................................55
Mortality...................... 63
Death Certificates............................................................................................68
Sex Ratio.........................................................................................................71
Morbidity.................................................................. 72
Population Pyramids.......................................................................................75
Summary.......................................................................................................83
iv
CHAPTER FIVE:
Discussion !................................................................................................86
Conclusion.......................................................................................................95
REFERENCES CITED............................................................................................97
v
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1
Coeur d’Alene Population Estimates,
1780-1930.............................................................................................................. 34
TABLE 2
Example of Early Indian Census............................................................................ 39
TABLE 3
Coeur d’Alene Population Change,
1910-1930............................................................................................................. 54
TABLE 4
Coeur d’Alene Crude
Birth Rates, 1900-1930...................................... 56
TABLE 5
Coeur d’Alene Births,
1900-1930................................................................ 56
TABLE 6
Coeur d’Alene Child-to-Woman Ratios,
1900-1930.............................................................................................................. 58
TABLE 7
General Fertility Rates, 1900-1930........................................................................ 58
TABLE 8
Age Specific Birth Rates, 1900-1930.................................................................... 60
TABLE 9
Total Fertility Rates 1900-1930........................................................................ 63
TABLE 10
Coeur d’Alene Crude
Death Rates, 1900-193 0........................................................................................ 64
TABLE 11
Coeur d’Alene Deaths 1900-1930........................................................................ 65
TABLE 12
Infant Mortality Rates, 1910-1930................................. 65
VI
TABLE 13
Age-Specific Death Rates, 1910-1930.................................................................. 66
TABLE 14
Coeur d’Alene Sex Ratios,
1900-1930........ 72
TABLE 15
Tuberculosis and Trachoma Numbers
for the Coeur d’Alene, 1912-1930............ 74
vii