Histological studies on wool follicles by Mushtaq Ahmad Khan A thesis submitted to the Graduate ...

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Histological studies onwool follicles
byMushtaq Ahmad Khan
A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
MASTER OF SCIENCE in Animal Science (Wool Technology)
Montana State University
© Copyright byMushtaq Ahmad Khan (1962)
Abstract:
In order to determine if supplemental feeding ofsheep onwinter range would favorably affect the wool
follicles, histological observations were made in the skin of twenty-four mature animals ontwo feed
levels both from Columbia and Rambouillet breeds. Six animals were put into each feed level from
both the breeds. The high feed level group received two pounds ofthirty percent protein pellet every
second day, while the low fed groupwas maintained onrange grazing only. Animals in the high feed
level groupgained weight while those in the low fed lost weight, especially those carrying twin lambs.
A highly significant (P<.01) effect offeed treatment was observed onthe live bodyweight of animals.
There was nosignificant feed treatment effect onthe number orsize of wool follicles noronthe
sebaceous glands. However, there was a highly significant (P<.01) difference between number of
follicles among the two breeds.
Breed effect was also noted onthe size of follicle (P<.06). Individual differences were also noted
regardless of breed ortreatment.
There was a highly significant correlation (P<.01) between the size offollicle and grease fleece weight,
grease fleece weight and grade ofwool and grade ofwool and size offollicle. A highly significant
negative correlation (P<.01) existed between the number offollicles and the grade of wool.
Also a negative correlation was obtained between the number of follicles and the grease fleece weight
which was approaching significance at ' the 5percent level. Body weight gain or loss did not show any
significant effect onsize ornumber offollicles.
V
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WOOL FOLLICLES
by
MUSHTAQ AHMAD KHAN
A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
MASTER OF SCIENCE;
in. ■
Animal Science
(Wool Technology)
Approved:
Head, Maj or,Department
eaiV, Gradua.ee/Division
MONTANA STATE COLLEGE
Bozeman, Montana
December, 1962
r
-iii-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author is very grateful to Professor James Drummond for assistance
and guidance throughout the graduate program which made this work possible.
Sincere appreciations are also due for Assistant Professor Arthur S.
Hoversland for his suggestions and help; Dr, Ervin P. Smith for his assist-
ance in planning the statistical analyses; Dr. Harold Watling for help in
histological work; Assistant Professor Kenneth L. Colman for checking the
results; and Mr. Donald H. Fritts of the Veterinary Research Laboratory
for taking photographs.
I owe special thanks to my wife, Begum Jamila Mushtaq, my mother,
and other members of the family whose cooperation and understanding made
it possible to continue my education in the United States.
Lastly, I wish to acknowledge my affiliation with Montana State College
which will last life long.
-iv-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
VITA „ii
0 0 9 0 0 9 0 o o o o e e o t f o e o o e o o o p o e e
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 0 . - . iii
O O O O O O P O O O
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
P P P P P P O P O O P
LIST OF TABLES vi
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O P O O O O O O O O O O
LIST OF FIGURES vii
0.0 e ' O O O O O O O O O O' O O O O O O O O O O O O
LIST OF APPENDIX viii
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ABSTRACT ix
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O O O P O O
INTRODUCTION I
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O P O
REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3
p o o p P P O P O O O O
Morphology
O O O O O P P O O O O O 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Terminology and classification , . . . .
P O O O O O O P O O
Development and factors affecting it
O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 O O O O O
CONDITIONS OF THE EXPERIMENT
O O O O O O O O O O P O O O O O O O O O
. Experimental animals «
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O1
Description and location of the. range 24
P O O P O O P O O P O O O O
METHODS AND PROCEDURE
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O O
Sampling technique , . . . 9 28
o o o o o o o e o o o o o o o o o o
.
Fixation and preservation of the samples 28
O O O O O O O O O O O
Preparation of skin samples 0 30
0 0 0 . 0 0 O O O O O O P P O O O O O
Dehydration . . 30
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O P O O O O
Clearing „ 30
O O O O O O O O O O P O O O O O O O O O 1O O O O O
Paraffin impregnation or infiltration . 30
o o o o o o o o o
Embedding . 31
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O P P O
-V-
Page
Sectioning .. . ........ . . . . . . . . .................... 31
Mounting sections on slides . .............................. .. . 31
Staining .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. . . 32
Microscopic examinations and measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Effect of feed treatment on body weight and condition score . . . 3 5
Effect of feed treatment on the follicles and sebaceous glands. . 35
SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AS
ARPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . .* ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
LITERATURE CITED . . * . . . . . . .... . * . .■ . ... . . . . . . * . 57
-vi-
LIST OF TABLES
Page
I. GENERAL COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF A TYPICAL FOLLICLE GROUP . . . . IO
II. FEED COMPOSITION OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL PELLET . . . . . . . . . . . 27
III. BODY WEIGHTS AND CONDITION SCORES OF ANIMALS ON AND OFF THE
EXPERIMENT AND TYPE OF BIRTH (LAMBS CARRIED) . . . . . . . . . . 36
IV. . THE EFFECT OF BREED AND FEED TREATMENT ON WOOL FOLLICLES AND
SEBACEOUS GLANDS . . . 3 7
V. . BODY WEIGHT CHANGE AND FLEECE MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . 40
VI. CORRELATION CO-EFFICIENTS BETWEEN VARIOUS OBSERVATIONS . . . . . 41
-vii- ,
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
I. Stretching skin in preparation to take sample 29
2. The site after removal of sample . 29
3. A skin section showing the arrangement of follicle bundles.
180 2C . 43
e e * e » e » e o e # e 6 » o e e e e o o e o » e * e
4. Greater follicle (F) density and smaller size in Rambouillet
vs Columbia (Fig. 5); sebaceous gland (S); sudoriferous
duct (D). 180 X............................................... 44
5. Lesser follicle (F) density and larger size in Columbia vs
Rambouillet (Fig. 4); sebaceous gland (S)j sudoriferous
duct (D). 180 X. . . . . . . . . . @ o * o * . . . . . . . . . . 44
6. Vertical section of a wool follicle. 500 X. ........ . . ... ...45
7. Cross section of a convoluted sudoriferous gland (S). 500 X. . .46
8. A single follicle with four fibers (F) and a bi-Iobed sebaceous
gland (S) in a Rambouillet. 500 X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
9. A single follicle with two fibers (F) in a Columbia. 500 X. . . 47
-Viii-
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
I. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF NUMBER OF FOLLICLES . . . .......... . 51
II. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF SIZE OF FOLLICLE . . . . . . . . . . . 51
III. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF THE SIZE OF SEBACEOUS GLAND . . . . . . 52
IV. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF NUMBER OF FOLLICLES VS LAMBS CARRIED . 52
V. ANALYSIS OF CO-VARIANCE OF FEED TREATMENTS ON BODY WEIGHTS OF
THE ^^NIM^^IiS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
VI, THE EFFECTS OF BREED AND FEED TREATMENT ON THE WOOL FOLLICLES
AND SEBACEOUS GLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
VII. COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION OF VARIOUS STAINS AND REAGENTS . . 55
-ix-
ABSTRACT
In order to determine if supplemental feeding of sheep on winter range
would favorably affect the wool follicles, histological observations were
made in the skin of twenty-four mature animals on two feed levels both
from Columbia and Rambouillet breeds. Six animals were put into each feed
level from both the breeds. The high feed level group received two pounds
of thirty percent protein pellet every second day, while the low fed group
was maintained on range grazing only. Animals in the high feed level
group gained weight while those in the low fed lost weight, especially
those carrying twin lambs. A highly significant (P<\01) effect of feed
treatment was observed on the live body weight of animals. There was no
significant feed treatment effect on the number or size of wool follicles
nor on the sebaceous glands. However, there was a highly significant
(P<^.01) difference between number of follicles among the two breeds.
Breed effect was also noted on the size of follicle (P<^.06). Individual
differences were also noted regardless of breed or treatment.
There was a highly significant correlation (P<^.01) between the size
of follicle and grease fleece weight, grease fleece weight and grade of
wool and grade of wool and size of follicle. A highly significant negative
correlation (P<^,.01) existed between the number of follicles and the grade
of wool.
Also a negative correlation was obtained between the number of folli­
cles and the grease fleece weight which was approaching significance at '
the 5 percent level. Body weight gain or loss did not show any significant
effect on size or number of follicles.
INTRODUCTION
Sheep were among the first animals domesticated by man. This animal
supplies wool for clothing, meat for food and in certain parts of the world
milk for drinking. Continuous efforts have been made to improve both wool
and mutton to give the greatest financial return to the sheep grower. The
chief value of wool is its ability to be spun into yarn. Other animals
i.e., camel, goat and alpaca, produce valuable textile fibers. For general
purposes other fibers are not as useful as the wool because the' character
of the fiber is not adapted to as many uses as wool, and the production of
these fibers is inadequate to meet the world’s needs. Sheep are found in
nearly every inhabitable part of the world (Barlow et al. 1934).
Because wool is the most valuable animal fiber, efforts by research
workers should be made to improve the quality as well as the quantity. It
is encouraging to note that in recent years the attention of research
workers in this field has been diverted from the fiber itself to the folli­
cle which produces it. Various workers have studied the different types
of follicles, their pre-natal and post-natal development, density per unit
area and the ratio of different types of follicles over different regions
of the body. Most of the research work is directed toward morphological
studies of the follicle and its accessories. Some workers have studied the
effect of environments on wool growth but very little information is avail­
able on the effect of these factors on follicle growth and development.
Most of the work of histological observations of follicular growth
and development has been conducted in Australia, New Zealand and England.
No preliminary information could be found on histological studies of
American breeds of sheep.