HISPANIC FOLK MUSIC OF NEW MEXICO AND THE SOUTHWEST This page intentionally left blank HISPANIC FOLK MUSIC OF NEW MEXICO AND THE SOUTHWEST ^n. <L)eJ/-Jor/rai/ of a J eopJe JOHN DONALD ROBB foreword By JACK LOEFFLER Prologue 6y ENRIQUE R. LAMADRID University of New Mexico Press • Albuquerque In addition to funding by the UNM John Donald Robb Musical Trust we wish to acknowledge the Mr. and Mrs. Sanford N. McDonnell Foundation^ the Brabson Library and Educational Foundation^ and the Frank D. and Marie K. Gorham Charitable Foundation for their generous support. University of New Mexico Press edition © 2014 by The Regents of the University of New Mexico All rights reserved. University of New Mexico Press edition 2014 published by arrangement with the UNM John Donald Robb Musical Trust Originally published in 1980 by the University of Oklahoma Press Printed in the United States of America 19 18 17 16 15 14 1 2 3 4 56 Cloth ISBN: 978-0-8263-4430-4 Digital ISBN: 978-0-8263-4432-8 Typeset in Plantin 9.5/11 Cover design by Lila Sanchez To Harriet who for over fifty years has played the role of the perfect wife without missing a cue Peasant music is the outcome of changes wrought by a natural force whose operation is unconscious. . . . For this reason the individuals of which it consists—the single tunes are so many examples of high artistic perfection. In their small way, they are as perfect as the grandest masterpieces of musical art. They are, indeed, classical models of the way in which a musical idea can be expressed in all its freshness and shapeliness—in short in the very best possible way, in the briefest possible form and with the simplest of means. On the other hand, the favourite national or popular art songs contain, beside a few interesting tunes, so many musical commonplaces, that their value remains far lesser than that of peasant music in the narrower sense of the term. Bela Bartok, Hungarian Folk Music CONTENTS Illustrations ix Foreword xi Prologue xv Preface xix Acknowledgments xxiii Explanation of Format xxv Introduction 3 Part I. Secular Song Texts and Melodies 17 Section A. Romance 24 B. Corrido 89 C. Cancion 201 D. Relation and Related Forms 314 E. Decima 376 F. Indita 418 G. Trovo 462 H. Cuando 481 I. Occupations 489 J. Patriotism, History, Politics 547 K. Courtship and Marriage 567 L. Social Commentary 578 M. Popular Songs 588 N. Miscellaneous Secular 593 Part II. Religious Song Texts and Melodies 609 Section O. Alabado 612 P. Alabanza 644 Q. Décima a lo Divino 680 S. Himno 690 T. Rogativa 702 U. Despedimento 710 V. Miscellaneous Religious 717 Part III. Instrumental Melodies 737 Section W. Matachines Dance and Related Forms 741 X. Social Dances 791 Y. Other Instrumental Melodies 826 Appendices A. Piano-Vocal Arrangements of Selected Songs 831 B. Song Literature of the Villages 860 C. Sampling of Despedidas 864 D. Songs with Chorus or Refrain 865 E. Form for Analysis of Folk Melodies 866 Definitions 869 Bibliography 871 Discography 874 Index of Titles 875 Index of First Lines 881 General Index 885 ILLUSTRATIONS Francisco Chavez, singer 26 Edwin Berry, singer 27 Francisco S. Leyva, singer 42 Avila, Spain 47 Juan Lujan, singer 196 Jacinto Ortiz, singer 279 Grave of Jacinto Ortiz 279 Rafaelita and Leonardo Salazar, singers 319 Tomas Archuleta, singer 335 Prospero S. Baca, singer 376 Father Juan B. Ralliere 455 Herding sheep in New Mexico 489 Juan Griego, singer 498 TRACING A FOLK SONG (117) Tracing the corrido 528 Leaving for the site of Maestas' death 528 Cairn of stones in memory of Maestas 528 Antonio Maestas 529 Don Agustin Maestas 529 Epimenio Chacon 529 Pedro Trujillo y Chacon 529 Higinio V. Gonzales, composer 530 Jose Gallegos, singer 530 Threshing wheat in New Mexico 541 Threshing wheat in Spain 541 Juan Sandoval, singer 579 LOS COMANCHES Folk play Los Comanches in Albuquerque 600 Two young warriors with stolen creches 601 The old drummer 601 Dancer and women singers 601 Jorge Lopez, singer 618 Page of Penitente Manual 619
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