Hippolytus and the Roman Church in the third century : communities in tension before the emergence of a monarch-bishop

650 Pages·1995·20.447 MB·English

by  Allen Brent

HIPPOLYTUS
AND THE ROMAN CHURCH
IN THE THIRD CENTURY
COMMUNITIES IN TENSION BEFORE THE EMERGENCE
OF A MONARCH-BISHOP
BY
·>
ALLEN BRENT
E.J. BRILL
LEIDEN · NEW YORK · KÖLN
1995
SUPPLEMENTS TO
VIGILIAE CHRISTIANAE
Formerly Philosophia Patrum
TEXTS AND STUDIES OF EARLY CHRISTIAN LIFE
AND LANGUAGE
EDITORS
J. DEN BOEFT — R. VAN DEN BROEK — A.F.J. KUJN
G. QUISPEL —J.C.M. VAN WINDEN
VOLUME XXXI
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the
Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library
Resources.
ISSN 0920-623X
ISBN 90 0410245 0
© Copyright 1995 by E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in
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PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
Abbreviations......................................................................................................VII
Preface....................................................................................................................XI
Plates...................................................................................................................ΧΙΠ
Introduction..............................................................................................................1
I. The Statue of Hippolytus: Discovery.......................................................3
A. Ligorio’s reputation and the Statue.................................................5
B. Guarducci’s attack on Ligorio’s reliability..................................11
Π. The Statue and Themista of Lampsacus.................................................51
A. Transformation of Themista of Lampsacus.................................52
B. Location of the Statue: Cemetery or Library?.............................76
C. Conclusion: Hippolytus’ House...................................................109
ΠΙ. The Statue and the Hippolytan corpus.................................................115
A. The rediscovery of the Contra Noe turn......................................116
B. The rediscovery of έλεγχος κατά πασών αιρέσεων..................127
C. Κεφάλαια κατά Γαΐου and the απολογία of the Statue............144
D. Rediscovery of the άποστολική παράδοσις...............................184
E. The Statue and the Corpus Hippolytanum................................197
IV. The Statue and the Two Authors Theory (I).......................................204
A. Authorship of Elenchos and Contra Noetum............................206
B. Elenchos and related works connected to the Statue...............258
V. The Statue and the Two Authors Theory (II)......................................300
A. The Statue and the C.N. block.....................................................301
B. The literary profile and the two-authors theory........................346
C. Conclusion: the Statue and Pagan Philosophy..........................365
VI. The School and ‘Schism’ of Hippolytus.............................................368
A. The carmen of Prudentius and Damasus’ epigram..................368
B. The conceptualization of Hippolytus’ schism...........................388
C. Hippolytus’ congregation in the Roman community...............398
D. Conclusion: Roman Church Order before Cyprian...................453
VII. Hippolytus and Church Order..............................................................458
A. ‘Hippolytus’ and ‘Clement’ as ciphers for traditions.............459
B. διαδοχή and άρχιερατεία: the Clementine dimension.............475
C. Hippolytus and Tertullian............................................................501
D. Tertullian: Pre Cyprianic Church Order....................................535
Bibliography........................................................................................................541
Index.....................................................................................................................571
1. Biblical Citations...........................................................................571
2. Ancient Authors.............................................................................574
- 3. Modem Authors..............................................................................588
4. Manuscripts cited..........................................................................594
5. Greek Words and Phrases............................................................597
6. Latin Words and Phrases..............................................................606
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ABAW Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
ABenRev American Benedictine Review
AH AW Abhandlungen der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften
AKWG Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu
Göttingen
ArLiW Archiv für Liturgiewissenschaft
AmJArch American Journal of Archaeology
AmJPhil American Journal of Philology ·
AnBoll Analecta Bollandiana
AnLov Analecta Lovanensia biblica et orientalia
ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt: Geschichte und
Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung, Ed. H. Temporini
and W. Haase (Berlin and New York: De Gruyter)
Antiqu. Antiquitas: Beiträge zur Historia-Augusta Forschung, Ed. J. Straub
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ArcCl Archeologia Classica
ArFil Archivio di Filosophia
Ath. Athenaeum
AThR Anglican Theological Review
ATNT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments
Aug Augustinianum
BArC Bulletino di archeologia cristiana
BeitrHisiTh Beiträge zur Historischen Theologie
BiLit Bibel und Liturgie
BUtE Bulletin de littérature ecclesiastique ' *
BR Biblical Research
BRev Biblical Review
BSGT Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubnerianae
(Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR Zentralinstitut für alte
Geschichte und Archäologie), (Leipzig: Teubner 1984).
BThAM Bulletin de Théologie Ancienne et Médiévale
Byz Byzantion: Revue Internationale des Études Byzantines
ByzZ Byzantinische Zeitschrift
BZHT Beiträge zur Historischen Theologie
CCa Civiltà Cattlica
ChH Church History
CIG Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum, Ed. A Boeck and J. Franz
(Berlin: Reimer 1828—)
CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (Berlin : Reimer 1866-)
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CIPl Classical Philology
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Secrétariat du Corpus SCO: 1975).
CSLE Corpus Scriptorum Latinorum Ecclesiasticorum (Vienna: Gerold
1866-)
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Cabrol and H. Leclercq (Paris: Libraire Letouzey et Ané 1924)
DomSt Dominican Studies
DR Downside Review
EglTheo Église et Theologie
EphL Ephemerides Liturgicae
EThL Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses
FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen
Testaments
FZPhTh Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie
GCS Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten beiden ,
Jahrhunderte (Hinrich: Leipzig 1897).
Greg Gregorianum
Gym Gymnasium ,
HA Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft , ,
Herrn Hermes - , /
Hermath Hermathena , ,r
Hesp Hesperia ? * -, - ,,
HeyJn Heythrop Journal
HThR Harvard Theological Review
ILCV Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres, Ed. E. Diehl, Vols 1-3
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De Rossi G.B. and Silvagni A., Nova series (Rome 1921-)
IG Inscriptiones Graecae, Ed. Kirschner J. (Berlin: Rheimarus 1913—;
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JbAC Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum j
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature - v ■>
JEgArch Journal of Egyptian Archeology >
JEH Journal of Ecclesiastical History · ,
JES Journal of Ecumenical Studies
JLiW Jahrbuch für Liturgiewissenschaft „ «
JRH Journal of Religious History , (
JRomS Journal of Roman Studies «
JSNT.S Journal for the Study of the New Teftqment: Supplementary Series
JThS Journal of Theological Studies , , '
LeDiv Lectio Divina «
MD La Maison-Dieu ,
MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica -, t<.
MSR Mélanges de Science Religieuse
MuThZ Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift *
NA Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen ,,
NT Novum Testamentum , ·
NTS New Testament Studies
OECT Oxford Early Christian Texts, H. Chadwick (
Clarendon Press) V i
OrChr Oriens Christianus f
OrChrA Orientalia Christiana Analecta 11
OrSyr Oriens Syriens ·'
OstkiSt Ostkirchliche Studien
PL P.G. Migne, Patrologia Latina (Paris 1857-) '
Phil Philologus, Zeitschrift für Klassische Altertum
PO Patrologia Orientalis, Ed. R. Graffin and F. Nau, (Paris 1903-)
PG P.G. Migne, Patrologia Graeca-Latina (Paris J857-)
PWK A. Paulys-Wi ssowa, Real-encyclopddia der classischen
Altertumswissenschaft (Metzler: Stuttgart 1899)
QLP Questions Liturgiques et Paroissiales
RAC Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum
RBen Revue Benedictine
Rbib Revue Biblique
RDroitCan Revue de Droit Canonique
RevHisRel Revue de l’histoire des religions .
RecSciRel Recherches de Science Religieuse
RelStudRev Religious Studies Review
RendPontAcc Rendiconti della Pontificia Accademia Romtaa di AtCheologia
RevBelg Revue belge de philologie de d’histoire
RevEtByz Revue des Études Byzantines
RevHE Revue d’histoire ecclésiastique
RevHPhR Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuse
RevScPhTh Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiqiies
RevSR Revue des Sciences Religieuses
RGG Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart
RivAC Ri vista Archeologia Cristiana
RPARA Rendiconti della P. Accademia Romana di Archeologia *
RThAM Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale
SBAW Sitzungsberichte der Bayrische Akademie der Wissenschaften
SbMn Sitzungberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Philos-philol.-hist. Klasse (München)
SC Sources Chrétiennes (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf 1944-)
SciEspirit Science et Espirit
ScuCat La Scuola Cattolica
SecCent The Second Century
Set Studi e Testi
SGK Schriften der Königsberger Gelehrten Gesellschaft
SHAW Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften
SPAW Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften:
Philosophische historische Klasse
StEphAug. Studia Èphemeridis «Augustinianum» (Institutum Patristicum
«Augustimanum», Rome)
StPB Studia Post-Biblica
StTh Studia Theologica
StudPatr Studia Patristica
StuPat Studia Patavina
TheolStKrit Theologische Studien und Kritiken
Theoph Beiträge zur Religions- und KirchengeadHchte des Altertums
TheoRev Theologische Revue
TAG Theologie und Glaube '«'tv·
ThQ Theologische Quartalschrift
ThR Theologische Rundschau
ThS Theological Studies
ThZ Theologische Zeitschrift
TV Texte und Untersuchungen der Altchristhchen Literatur
TWNT Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament
VC Verbum Caro
VCh Vigiliae Christianae
WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament
WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament (Mohr:
Tübingen)
ZKG Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte
ZKTh Zeitschrift für Katholische Theologie
ZNW Zeitschrift für Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und Kunde der älteren
Kirche
ZRGG Zeitschrift für Religion und Geistgeschichte
ZJhK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche
ZWTh Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Theologie
1
* PREFACE
Firstly my heartfelt thanks to Dr Caroline Bammel, distinguished Origen
scholar, who undertook to read the manuscript for Brill but who has been a
constant source of encouragement and inspiration in my task, as has my for­
mer teacher at Cambridge, Dr Ernst Bammel.
Next I would thank Professor Christopher Stead in 1989 and to Dr Lionel
Wickham in 1994 who gave me the opportunity to air many points of my
thesis before the critical audience of the Faculty of Divinity’s Patristics
Seminar which they chaired.
A further debt must not go unacknowledged to Dr Amanda Claridge, for­
mer Deputy Director of the British School of Archaeology at Rome, but now
of Oxford University, where I spent many January months working, and re­
ceiving her invaluable help. During such visits to Rome critical assistance
was also generously afforded to me by Praeses P. Professore Vittorino
Grossi, and Vice Praeses P. Dottore R. Dodaro, at the Institutum
Augustinianum, Rome, which has, under their leadership and that of their
predecessors, become such a power house of Patristic scholarship.
I would like to give special thanks to Dr James Carleton Paget, Fellow of
Peterhouse, for reading my manuscript and making so many helpful, incisive
and critical suggestions about both the form and substance of my text. It has
proved invaluable to have the guidance of a young scholar of great promise,
at the cutting edge of so many problems of the second century for the devel­
opment of Jewish Christianity, and our discussions over the years that have
proved so informative of my present argument. Finally I would thank Dr
Philip Burton who read and corrected the manuscript so painstakingly, and
whose impressive knowledge of the tradition of Latin ms. was of great assis­
tance to my treatment of the Apostolic Tradition.
The University of North Queensland gave me the generous support of a
sabbatical in Cambridge, in order to take up my Visiting Fellowship at Clare
Hall, for which I am also thankful.
I hereby acknowledge the kind permission of the following to reproduce
photographic plates:
(i) Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, Rome (Plates 1, 3,
12, 13, 15-21, and 23-24).
(ii) Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato P.V., Rome (Plates 2,4,
and 5).
(iii) The British Library, London (Plates 8,9, 10 and 11).