Hippocrates in Context: Papers read at the XIth International Hipocrates Colloquium University of Newcastle upon Tyne 27-31 August 2002 (Studies in Ancient Medicine)

540 Pages·2005·3.143 MB·English

by  Philip J. Van Der Eijk (editor)

HIPPOCRATES IN CONTEXT
STUDIES IN
ANCIENT MEDICINE
EDITED BY
JOHN SCARBOROUGH
PHILIP J. VAN DER EIJK
ANN HANSON
NANCY SIRAISI
VOLUME 31
HIPPOCRATES IN
CONTEXT
Papers read at the
XIth International Hippocrates Colloquium
University of Newcastle upon Tyne
27–31 August 2002
EDITED BY
PHILIP J. VAN DER EIJK
BRILL
LEIDEN•BOSTON
2005
Cover illustration: Late fifteenth-century portrait of Hippocrates sitting, reading.
Behind him, two standing philosophers dispute (Wellcome Library, London).
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISSN 0925–1421
ISBN 90 04 14430 7
© Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
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CONTENTS
Preface ........................................................................................ ix
Acknowledgements ...................................................................... xiii
Abbreviations .............................................................................. xv
1. THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONTEXT
OF HIPPOCRATIC MEDICINE
Cause and crisis in historians and medical writers of
the classical period .................................................................. 3
Jacques Jouanna
Hippocratic explanations ............................................................ 29
Jane Barton
On Ancient Medicine and its intellectual context ........................ 49
Francis Dunn
On Ancient Medicine on the nature of human beings ................ 69
Mark J. Schiefsky
Art, science and conjecture, from Hippocrates to Plato
and Aristotle ............................................................................ 87
Véronique Boudon-Millot
Modelli espositivi relativi alla prognosi nel Corpus
Hippocraticum (Prorrhetico 2, Malattie 1–3, Affezioni,
Affezioni Interne, Prognosi di Cos) ................................................ 101
Daniela Fausti
vi contents
2. THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF
HIPPOCRATIC MEDICINE
The social and intellectual context of Regimen II .................... 121
John Wilkins
The Hippocratic impact on healing cults: the archaeological
evidence in Attica .................................................................. 135
Maria Elena Gorrini
The cities of the Hippocratic doctors ...................................... 157
Hui-hua Chang
Error, loss, and change in the generation of therapies .......... 173
Julie Laskaris
The Hippocratic Treatise Peri Opsios, ‘De videndi acie,
On the Organ of Sight’ .............................................................. 191
Elizabeth M. Craik
Coan promotions and the authorship of the Presbeutikos .............. 209
Eric D. Nelson
3. ‘HIPPOCRATIC’ AND
‘NON-HIPPOCRATIC’ MEDICINE
Air, pneuma and breathing from Homer to Hippocrates ...... 239
Antoine Thivel
Microcosm and macrocosm: the dual direction of
analogy in Hippocratic thought and the meteorological
tradition .................................................................................. 251
Frédéric Le Blay
About philosophy and humoural medicine .............................. 271
Paul Demont
contents vii
The way to wisdom in Plato’s Phaedrus and in the
Hippocratic Corpus ................................................................ 287
Elsa García Novo
Medici contemporanei a Ippocrate: problemi di identificazione
dei medici di nome Erodico .................................................. 295
Daniela Manetti
Hippokratisches bei Praxagoras von Kos? ................................ 315
Diethard Nickel
Theophrastus’ biological opuscula and the Hippocratic
Corpus: a critical dialogue? .................................................. 325
Armelle Debru
4. THE HIPPOCRATIC MEDICAL DISCOURSE IN
ITS LINGUISTIC AND RHETORICAL CONTEXT
Form and function in Prorrhetic 2 .............................................. 345
Tim Stover
Special features in Internal Affections. Comparison to other
nosological treatises ................................................................ 363
Pilar Pérez Cañizares
On enantiôsis in the Corpus Hippocraticum: The eu-/dus
opposition ................................................................................ 371
Marcos Martínez
5. THE IMPACT AND LATER RECEPTION
OF HIPPOCRATIC MEDICINE
Greek Medical Papyri from the Fayum village of Tebtunis:
Patient involvement in a local health-care system? ............ 387
Ann Ellis Hanson
viii contents
Celsus and the Hippocratic Corpus: The originality of
a ‘plagiarist’ ............................................................................ 403
Muriel Pardon
Areteo di Cappadocia lettore di Ippocrate .............................. 413
Amneris Roselli
Hippocrates in the context of Galen: Galen’s commentary
on the classification of fevers in Epidemics VI ...................... 433
In-Sok Yeo
Galen’s Commentary on Hippocrates’ De humoribus ................ 445
Ivan Garofalo
Autour de la connaissance du traité Hippocratique Des
hémorroïdes à l’époque byzantine ............................................ 457
Alessia Guardasole
François Tissard and his 1508 edition of the Hippocratic
Oath .......................................................................................... 465
Thomas Rütten
General Index ............................................................................ 493
Index of Passages Cited ............................................................ 503
PREFACE
Philip van der Eijk
The XIth International Hippocrates Colloquium was held on the
campus of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne during five days
of bright sunshine in late August 2002. Guests were welcomed to
an opening reception in the Council Room of the Armstrong Building,
the University’s characteristic Victorian stronghold, named after the
19th century Newcastle entrepreneur and scientist Lord William
Armstrong, and situated opposite the Royal Victoria Infirmary—two
buildings that aptly illustrate Newcastle University’s origins in the
School of Medicine and Surgery (later the College of Medicine),
established in 1834, and Armstrong College, which was founded in
1871 for the teaching of physical sciences. These two colleges, orig-
inally part of the University of Durham, merged to form King’s
College in 1937, and in 1963 King’s College became the University
of Newcastle upon Tyne. Forty years of expansion followed, and
early in the twenty-first century, the University’s student population
had risen to nearly 20,000 (including more than 2,000 overseas stu-
dents), its teaching and research activities spanning seven areas: agri-
culture and biological sciences, arts and humanities, education,
engineering, social sciences, medicine and dentistry, and physical sci-
ences. Latin and Greek have been taught at Newcastle since 1874,
Ancient History and Classical Archaeology since 1910 and 1931
respectively.
Academic proceedings lasted for three days, featuring a busy pro-
gramme of forty-four presentations and lively discussions. Half way
through the programme, the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress of the
City of Newcastle upon Tyne provided generous hospitality with a
buffet lunch in the Civic Centre, while delegates were given a pre-
sentation about the ambitious Newcastle-Gateshead Initiative and its
impressive programme of cultural activities as instruments of urban
regeneration. The Colloquium was concluded with a festive conference
dinner in the splendid nautic surroundings of Trinity House on the
Newcastle quayside. Those who had the time to stay for the next
day enjoyed an excursion to Cragside house and gardens in the
x preface
delightful Northumberland countryside—another of Lord Armstrong’s
remarkable creations, the first house in the world to be lit by hydro-
electric power.
It was the first time, thirty years after its foundation by Jacques
Jouanna and Louis Bourgey in Strasburg in 1972, that the Colloque
International Hippocratique was held in the English speaking world.
Newcastle was a natural venue, for it was here that the subject of
ancient medicine, long before it became a fashionable topic in degree
programmes in Classical Studies at British universities, had been
taught for many years as part of the Classics undergraduate pro-
gramme—supported by precious Library resources such as the Pybus
Collection (a rich collection of historical medical works from the 16th
century onwards, engravings, letters, portraits and busts), and the
Medical Collection (18th–19th century medical books and pamphlets).
Indeed, the Hippocrates conference marked an important moment
of further growth in the study of medical history at Newcastle.
Building on the foundation laid by James Longrigg (who retired in
1998), the subject has rapidly expanded and has become one of the
University’s major international research and teaching strengths. The
combined support of the University and the Wellcome Trust, enabling
inter alia the appointment of Thomas Rütten in 2002, resulted one
year later in a Wellcome Trust Enhancement Award—a very gen-
erous and highly competitive grant, which provided the basis for the
Centre for the History of Medicine, a partnership between the med-
ical historians at the Universities of Newcastle and Durham. The
activities of the Centre comprise a co-ordinated research programme,
a Masters training programme in the History of Medicine, a num-
ber of Ph.D. projects, a series of seminars/workshops/conferences
(including the well-known Pybus History of Medicine seminars),
History of Medicine teaching initiatives within the medical curricu-
lum, and a series of public engagement activities. Of particular inter-
est to the study of ancient medicine are the annual Approaches to
Ancient Medicine conferences, alternating between Newcastle and Reading.
The Newcastle Hippocrates conference was attended by over a hun-
dred participants, representing a wide variety of disciplines (includ-
ing members of the medical profession). As such, the conference
testified to the remarkable growth of Hippocratic studies over the
last ten years, and its development from a rather specialised, inti-