Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging PDF
Preview Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Young-Jo Kim Tallal Charles Mamisch Editors Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging 123 Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging ThiSisaFMBlankPage Young-Jo Kim (cid:129) Tallal Charles Mamisch Editors Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging Editors Young-JoKim TallalCharlesMamisch DepartmentofOrthopedicSurgery DepartmentofRadiology BostonChildren’sHospital Brigham&Women’sHospital Boston,MA Boston,MA USA USA ISBN978-1-4614-1667-8 ISBN978-1-4614-1668-5(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-1668-5 SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013950381 #SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway, andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthis legalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterial suppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,for exclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofis permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its currentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsfor usemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesare exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateof publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty, expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) “Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn’t do than by the ones you did do. Sothrowoffthebowlines.Sailawayfromthesafeharbor.Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.” —Mark Twain. When I embarked on this journey nearly 14 years ago, I did not know what I would find. Biochemical imaging was a laboratory novelty, and hip joint preservation was almost considered sham surgery. It is remarkable how things have changed. Along the way, I have had many mentors and supporters and have had the great pleasure of making key friendshipsthatIwilltreasureforlife.Iwillonlymentionafew. I owe a great debt to Deborah Burstein, Martha Gray, Diego Jaramillo,andMichaelMillisfortheirsupportduringtheinitial implementation of the dGEMRIC MRI technique for the hip. Based on Deb and Martha’s basic research, itappearedlogical thatdGEMRICwouldwork,anditdid!ItwasagoodthingIdid not know at the time all the things that could have gone wrong. After our initial work and publication, I was searching for a faster way to perform T1 mapping. My prayers were answered whenCharles MamischandChristoph Zilkens literally dropped in from the sky. I still recall the day when these two German orthopedists came to the office and said they wanted to work with us on dGEMRIC, no questions asked. With the help of Tim Hughes from Siemens, we were able to make dGEMRIC a practical clinical tool. All of us in this field of hip preservation surgery, including myself, personally owe a great deal of thanks to Reinhold Ganz. His vision and determination has made this all possible. In addition, I am grateful for the friendship of Michael Leunig and Klaus Siebenrock. I met them when they were sharing an office in Bern—a timewhen we were much younger—and Ilook forward to many more years of friendship and collaboration. This time was and now continues to be a period of great excitement for hip preservation surgery. Finally, I would like to thank my mother and my family. My mother, who exemplifies the definition of unconditional love,isthesourceofmystubbornsingle-mindedness.Tomywife Lois, I thank her for her unconditional support and sacrifice. Without her ability to make everything else in my life work, this workwould nothavebeen possible.Lastly,Iamgratefulfor the collaboration and friendship I have with Charles Mamisch. His genuineenthusiasmforscienceandhisabilitytogetthingsdone across cultural and national borders is truly amazing. Young-Jo Kim M.D., Ph.D. Preface Duringthepastdecade,wehaveseentremendousadvancesandenthusiasm forhipjointpreservationsurgery.Atpresent,approximately60,000casesof hip arthroscopy are performed per year in the United States with yearly growthratesof~15%peryear.Giventhehighprevalenceofcamdeformity inthepopulation,itispossiblethatthisgrowthwillcontinuefortheforesee- ablefuture.Coincidentwithadvancesinourunderstandingofhippathology andtreatmentmethodsareadvancesinhipMRimaging.Bothmorphologic andbiochemicalimagingofthehiphasbenefitedgreatlybytheuseofhigher fieldmagnets,improvedcoildesignandsequences. In many respects, both the clinical and imaging aspects of hip disorders arecomplementaryandessentialinorderforfurtheradvancesineachfield. Biochemical imaging of cartilage has long languished in the laboratory for lack of clinical relevance. It is an ideal technique to assess the efficacy of osteoarthritis disease modifying treatment; however, to date no disease- modifying drug exists. On the clinical side, disease-modifying drug for osteoarthritis has tremendous potential; however, it has been very difficult to develop due tolack ofan early marker ofdisease that is accepted by the regulatoryagencies.Itisaclassiccatch-22situation. Now with advances in hip preservation surgery, it may be possible to makeprogressinourunderstandingofhowosteoarthritisdevelopsaswellas understandtheroleofadvancingMRimaginginadvancingknowledgeand treatmentofosteoarthritis.Atthispointintime,thesurgicaltechniquesofhip preservationsurgeryarematuringandearlyclinicalresultsarepromisingin demonstratingefficacyinimprovingsymptoms.Similartothedevelopment of osteoarthritis disease modifying drugs, in order to demonstrate disease modificationoverashortperiodoftime,theuseofadvancedimagingwillbe required. Fortunately, we feel imaging technologies are now available to makethispossible. This book is acurrent summary ofboth clinicaland imaging knowledge relevanttounderstandinghippathology.Itisourhopethatthisbookwillbe usefulinthepresent,butmoreimportantlymaystimulatefutureadvances. vii ThiSisaFMBlankPage Contents SectionI MRIPrinciples 1 BasicMRIPhysicsandArtifacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 CarlSiversson 2 Non-contrastBiochemicalImaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 StephanDomayer,SebastianApprich,BenjaminSchmitt, OliverBieri,andSiegfriedTrattnig 3 DelayedGadolinium-EnhancedMRIofCartilage. . . . . . . . . 33 DeborahBurstein 4 ClinicalApplicationofBiochemicalImagingofCartilage. . . 43 GoetzH.Welsch,FriedrichF.Hennig,andAndreasMauerer SectionII HipJointAnatomyandDiseases 5 NormalArticularAnatomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 LuisPerezCarro,PauGolano,NataliaFernandezEscajadillo, MiguelRuperezVallejo,VictordeDiego,andLuisCerezalPesquera 6 AbnormalOsseousAnatomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 LisaM.TiborandMichaelLeunig 7 AbnormalArticularAnatomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 CourtneyE.ScherandIraZaltz 8 DevelopmentalHipDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 JeffreyJ.NeppleandYoung-JoKim 9 Extra-articularHipConditionsandSportsInjuries. . . . . . . 113 KathleenL.Davenport,PeterJ.Moley,andBryanT.Kelly SectionIII MRITechniquestoDetectDiseaseConditions 10 OverviewofDiagnosticImagingofHipJoint. . . . . . . . . . . . 129 SarahD.Bixby 11 LabralDisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 BerndBittersohlandChristophZilkens 12 Osteonecrosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 NancyA.ChauvinandDiegoJaramillo ix
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