Hindu revivalism in Bengal, 1872-1905 : some essays in interpretation

237 Pages·2001·17.113 MB·English

by  Sen, Amiya P.

HindRue vivalism
inB enal
g
t 872-1e9E 0s5s:ia nyIS sno ptrmeertation
AMIYAP .S EN
DELHI
OXFORDU NIVERSIPTRYE SS
BOMBACYA LCUAT MTA DRAS
1993
OxfoUrndi vePrrseWisatsly,t S otnr Oexefto,Or Xd26 DP
NewY orTko ronto
DelBhoim baCya lcuMtatdarK aasr achi
KuaLluam pSuri ngaHpoonrKgeo nTgo kyo
NairDoabreiS s a laam
MelbouAruncek land
anads sociina tes
BerlIibna dan
TO
myP arewnhtwoso uhladv e
OxfoUrndi vePrrsei1st9sy9 3
beehna ptposy e teh diasy
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ISBON1 95 63144 0
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgement Xlll
CHAPT1E R
Introduction 1
OpenRienmga [r3kO]sl dPerro balneNdme:" s P er�tsipv[ee8s)
I'sR evsimav'V a allEiixdp re[s8sR]ie ocno?ut nhtHemi gsy to ofr
HinRdeuv ivParloibslomfe:D m esf in[i1tT:{jih Poeo nl iotfi cs
Hindu ReHviisvtaoPlreiirscsmap:l[e 1 c5tJi ves
CHAPT2E R
Hindu-BRrealahtmio(on1 s8 70-A1n9E0 n5q)ryu :i
intSoo mAes peocfCt osm munIidtneyt itiin es
LatNei nettheC eenntBueryn gal 25
Problanedm Pse rspe[c27tT]ih veBe rsa hMmaor riBaiglel
Contr(o1v8e6r8s-A7yR 2 e)f:r aomfIi dnegn t[i37tT]ih Reeis s?e
and DoeUfs ncievnMetanr :Ths eaB lr ahSmaoman adji tCsh anging
PerceopfHt oimoaenn std h Weo r(l1d8 70-1[94085])
CHAPT3E R
HindRue vivaaltti hCserm o ssroads-Reaction
anRde papraiints haNele wB engParleias nsd
Liter(act1.u8 7r2e- 1894) 81
A revoife wl tihfee o-fwB ohrukdM eubk hopaBdahnykaiym,
ChandrCah attopNaadbChihynaara n ySd,ean nd A kshCahanyd ra
Sar[k8a3Br]a nkCihanmd rNaa,b Cihannd raan tdh Fel owering
oft hSey ncTrreatdi[is8tt9Bi ]ho und Meubk hopaAdkhsyhaayy,
ChandSraar kaanrdt hSet rengtofh tehnOeir ntgh xodo
World[-1v5i6e]w
Contents
Vlll
CHAPT4E R APPENDICES
TheirH oFuiHrni:en sRdteu vv ailainsAdmgg ressive AppenAd (ixP aIr)t 415
PrpoagaTnhdrao tuhgPeher sasn Pdl atform LisotfI mporPtraonttMe esett ihnegldsdu ritnhgAe g eo f
(c1.8 80-1905) 203 ConsBeinaltgl i tiants eiloenc ted a(r1e8a9s1 )o f India
A Revioeftw h Lei faenW do rokfC handrBaansaKutr,hi. s hna AppenAd (iPxa1 r1t) 426
ProsoSnennPo,u ndSiats aTdahrakra chuadnatdmh Maean jio r
Tabslheo wdiinsgt riobfiu ntfmiaaonrntr iaamgoeHnsig n daunsd
BangaWbraistie rTsh eB[ i2ro0tf5Ch ]o nserRvhaettiovrei c-A
Muslsoi fma gger oup in0B -e1n0gb aelt w1e8e8na1 n 1d9 01
Revioeftw h Lei faenW Jo rokf C.h andrBaansa[ut2 h0T 9h]e
(Numbpee1rr, 0w0h0oa rmea rried)
SuccoefMs iss sryi Eofnfao[r2t1Ts8h ]Be a ngaWbraisti[e 2r3s6 ]
JogeCnhdarnaad nrhdai A ss soc[i2a3Ht6ie]ns Rd euv ivaanldi sm AppenBd (iPxaI r)t 427
thBea nga(b2a5s4i ]
DharMmaan d(aPlrio spectus)
CHAPT5E R AppenBd (iPxaI rIt) 430
ManagCionmgm iotftt heDeeh arMmaan d(a1l8iA9 s3e)l leicstt
Veadntaan tdh Ree tvailizoafIt nidoina n Li2f8e5 ofd onotrots hD eh arMmaan dali
A ShoRreta pporfat ihLseia folef S rRia makrPiasrhanmah ansa AppenCd (iPxaI r)t 431
anSdw aVmiiv eka[n2a8Tn7hd]Sea o cainaSdlp irWiotruolafdl
Ramiikri[s2h9Sn4wa]a mVii vekan(a1n8d6a3 -[1391012)) BharatvAaryarD shhairyPmara o chSaarbi(hnPair ospectus)
TheM astaenrtd h Peu p[i3l1T 1h]eM ana ntdh Mei ssionary AppenCd (iPxaI rIt) 433
(1886-[1392R00e2]f) o romrRe era cryt?i[ o3n2Va8i]v ekananda:
HiPsl aWciet hHiinn dRue vivTahloius[gt3h 4t0 ) ManagCionmgm itotfte heBe h aratvAarrysDahh iayram a
Prochari(n1i8 8S1a)b ha
CHAPT6E R AppenCd (iPxa1 r1t1 ) 434
ThHeo uorfR eckoOnritnhgo:Hd ionxd uainsdm A randloiomsfc t o ntritbotu hBteho arrsa tvAryaarD shhairymaa
ProchSaarbi(hniain clduodniotnrogts h Vee dV idyaalnady a
the oAfCg oen tsB einCloln troivnBe ernsgya l SansSktruidti es)
( 1c8.9 0-1892) 363 AppenCd (iPxaI rVt) 435
Prel(u1d8e6 0[-386T68h)]eG atheSrtimon (rg1 887[-39704)]
LisotfA genftostr h meo nthjloyu rDnhaalr maprocharak
After(m1a8t9h1[ -39824)) (aisn1 885)
CHAPT7E R BIBLIOGRAPHY 437
Conclusion 401
INDEX
451
LISOTF A BBREVIATIONS
A.R.
AkshSaayh iSatymbah a(rC ollWeocrotkfAeds k shay
ChanSdarrak 2aV ro)l(,sI .n dAisasno cPiraetsesd)
BanOi R achana
SwamVii veaknadBnearnO i R ach(aCnoam plete
BengWaolriok fsS waVmiiv eka(nUadnbdoad)h an)
SelVeocltu mes
BR..
BankRiamc haabna(lCio llWeocrtkoesfBd a nkim
ChanCdhraat thoypa3ayV d)o,l (sS.a hSiatmysaa d)
BM..R.
BhudReabc hana(sCaomlblWheoacrrotk fBesh d u deb
Mukohpadh(yMai&yt Grhao sh)
C.W.N.
ComplWeotreok fsS isNtievre dViotl1as ,.2 & .
(NivediCtean tBePinurabtrlhyi cation)
wv..
C.
ComplWeotreok fsS wamVii veka8nV aonldsa.,
(MayaMveamtoirE idailt ion)
History
Histooftr hByer ahSmaam bayjS ibnSaatsht ri.
l.G.
IndraGnraatnht( hCaovlallWeioc rotkfIes nd d ranath
Bandop)a2,dV hoyl(asSy.e Ekkaaelld- ition)
J.M.
IndMiiarrno r
].R.
]ogeCnhdarnaBd arRsaau c han(CaoblalWlieo crtkesd
ofJ ogeCnhdarnaBd arsa3u V )o,l( sG.r anthamala)
Kathamrita
SrSir Ria mkrishna bKyMa athheanmdrriatnaa th
Gupt5Va o,l (sK.a thaBmhraiwtaan )
XU
N.R. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
NabiCnh anRdarcah an(aCboallliWe ocrtkoesfd
NabCihna nSderna4) V ,o l(sS.ia thPyaar ishad)
R.N . (B.).w .. e.
RepoonrN ta tiPvaep ers .(.Bw.ee.ne egkna dli)n g.
R..RP .
RabiRnadcrhaa n(aCboamlpWilo ertokefsR abindra­ Tob ea btloe locraetaefo fnaienir'dnms t ellecirtsau raielfl yr,o ots
natTha go(rVei)s,w aebdhiatriaotniV) o,le usSm.e lect eveart ,aw sekla lc complfiohsruh meamdne, m ory cannot always
S.R. rceawlilte hn ouagmhp litthued eaw,ri rdoafeiy n flutehnacte sh ave
SibnRaatchh anas(aCnoglrlWaeohcratok efSsd i n bath comoen ew'asoy rt hoosnheea e sa gceorvleyIct aendnn.oo rwte collect
Sast2Vr oil)(s,S. a ksEhdairtaitoan ) witshu fficcleanwrthi yItw ya dsr atwonw arsdtsu odtfcyh e er tain
terndisni ntelhliescttouraaylt t h wtehi imwceahf s a frr obme ing
S.CS..
SahiStaydahC ahka rit(rBaimoaglroaaf Bp ehnigeasl i fahsionaaasbs lueb mjaetctItme irg.ch otn fheoswset vhetarot,p icality
literfgaiurra1er1sVy )o l(sS.a hPiatryias had) hanse vbeerem nys trpoonign t-wahaser tehseerao rroc thheerr wise.
Iitss h eceori nctihdeernectfehmo.ayr ti e n,t eirnHe isntrd euv ivalist
T.P.
movemeinnht iss twoarrsey n epwreedc aiatst eilmwyeh eHni ndu
TattwabPoadthriinkia
consciouwsanse sbpseo imnpgo puasrlaytd herdo gurgahn diose
RathY atras.
·. . Thibso oikfan c hta gsr oowunot mf y ( 19P8hD1..)d issearntda tion,
·. .. itbse ibnrgo ubgahcttkol iaffeta le arp osfoe v etrey ne acrasfl olrs
/ smoee xplanAafttmieyorr n e.t furronam b risetfii nntt hC ei vil
;' ServIih caendse ,i tthhweeir nl oltr h ceo nfitdoue nndceer tthaikse
taasnkd frtahbnioksolm kyi ,gn hotht a vmeat eribaulftios zroe mde
patipeenrts ufarsoimmoye n r stwshuipleerP vriosfoeSrsu,sm oirt
SarrTk,aa niPkraodfeiPs,.s GSou.rp Ntaar,a yanSiudhCiah,sa kDrra ­
varStaica,hn mida noyla dc quaifnrtaoSnmtSc .te esp Choelnl'esg e.
Towatrhdes laosftw risttiangge sI tb heinse fgbrioetoaektd,l y
fromt hoec caseixocnhaoalvfn i geeIhw aswd i Ptrho feGsysaonre ndra
PandSeuycd.hi aloIag muh easp,tp osy a hya,ve emb oldmeent eod
offcreetraa irng umtehnIawt tos u hladv e obteheiensrr ewe luctant to
..
doM.y t heorfeotrimcualla tiotnhshe i rsetgooarrsr itdcyialnlig s tic
apploinoc fta htteie rrme vivhaalvies cmbo enesni deenrraibclhye d
aftreera dPirnogf eTsaspRoaarny chaucdahnuodrbiijd'e sct toi ons
thsea mIhe o.p heed oenosft i mnydr ejoailnetdtoehguren rc onvincing
and wsotriuslnele ,n terAtlamliy cn oilnlge.ia nDg eusehsb andhu
Collheagvbeee easn o uorfjc oeay n idn spiMryag trieoadnte.eb stt
heirtseoA niSle twhiit hwohuotus neg rucdogminpniago nasnhdi p
brliliianntte rjmeycs teinoosfhne is s,t Iof reywe,ol u,hl advb ee en
considpeoroarbelry.
XIV Acknowledgements
A larpgaeor fmt y r eseairnWc ehsBetes n agnaNdle wD elwhasi
madpoes sitbhlreo ukghi ntdhanenesc dsoo peratiofrno mth eL ibrarians CHAPT1E R
anSdt aofftf hN ea tiLoinbarlRa armyra,ik sMhinsas Iinosnt oift ute
CulrteBu,a ngSiayhaPi atryia(s ahilanClt a lcuUttttaa)Pr,up balriac
LibrUatrtya,r (aEpaasrta NBeehnMrgeuam lo)r,i al aMnuds eum
INTRODUCTION
LibrarUyn,i sDvieeLtrliyhb ir aDreys habnadCn odlhlLuei gber ary
(ailnDl e lhBiuf)to. tr h euinrg ruhdegliIwpn ou gl hda vfeo uintd
praccatliilmyp ostsoti rbadlcoekw a nn pdr ofituastbehi delu istty­
'Theinsro ed outbhtaa st o orfqt u asi-rqeulaisgii-omuest,a physical
laddeinl,a pfiidolafcet eser dt aBienn gpraaalpriaee nr pdse riodicals.
fremenits g oionngi nI ndia�t,r oncgol!enyrv a�tei ande ven
As horvteersroi fto hcneh apotnte hAreg oeCf o nsBeincltol n tro­
verisnBye ngaaplpe iantr ehJdeu ly'n.8'0i8-s1Js oaufte hI en dian reacntairyio ni tgse netreanld _se.nT chieae ncipehnitplh oesr�rose
beiengx peldao nitdth eir smcoridabenernPds r ofeasriseno crrse asing
HistoricaanIld tRtaehkoviepis pe owr ttuotnh iaDtnrVyk i vekanand
inn umbaenrfd a m'e .
Jhfao r kihnidsa nnewdsi ssc eo unsoenlt lhtieen dgib ouvutas s tly
LORCDU RZO1N8,9 9
importteacnhtno ifcq ourerse ctloyur te wfreirtIeai nmnnc goe ts .
ciitNnei dr Ca.Cd h audhuri
ashadt moae dmtihtSa htAr sih Riosyn ootn ltyy pseudc cessive
AtmhaagBtain g:2a 2li
copoifte hsme a nuswcirtihpe tfrc faiirebenu catylo o sftheenl apne d
inexpearuiteihnnloc orec da ftriinvgmo ilsotuask es.
'Atthb ea cokft h riesa catnirdoe nv itvhaewlra,eus n doubatn eedwl y
Aw orodaf p oliocsgye rtdauitenoS lu yja anPtda rwihjsoaa tty h at
natiaolsn elf-consacniadon ueswpn reiosdfsre a .c.e. I.tw. a nso t
foorv etrwy oe anroswt ,h heay vhea rfdeltlyht ef iart hperre'sse nce.
reaalnhl yo nreestttu oprn o puolarcr u rreHnitn duTihsmemo .t ive
Int hpea Ish ta vaelb seoer na tuhnegre nsie nr oauckngot whlee dgin
frocbee hiinwtda m so raed eterminoantt hpieao ornfot u pre otpol e
moralm aatnesdru ipapelox rtte tn.odm ebedym yw iGfoep .a wIi sh
assetrhte msealvgeasit nhsietm posoifti imopno rEtuerdo pean
tom akuepf osro moeft hiantg rantoiwt.u de
thouagnhdit d e..a.lan .o rganeixzperde osfst ihdoeen e apn ti-
Finallayr,te h tohseer ei nndobitev liodntugoati hlwnesog r olfd
Brifteiesl'hi ng.
acadeamnipdcr se fefrotrrhi ranetga tsoro ne maanionmn oyubsu,t
BC..PAL
tow hoImo wae bbarsoiacd oefvn iisnaigno cdne ritnatienr esting,
Memoorimfey sl iafntedi m4e1:1 -12
imagiindaetTaihsvre.ee sponfsoierbr irsolo ffri atocyrat r gumiesn t
entimrienley.
AmiyaSPe.n
NewD elhi
OPENINRGE MARKS
Thwiosr iska ni ntensiovfce e rsfttaauciodenfsyt o sca inaidln tellec­
taulli ifBnee ngbatelw e1e8n7a 2n1 d9 0T5h.ie n terpeosiatnbiton ugt
thspi erlisioi edin ttsh rouwpio nfag na mazvianrgoi cfeo tnyf licting
iedoglioaensod p insioomnoe,fw hiwcehrj eu xtaipnaor saetdh er
itnruiignrge latiHoennsbchoteihl p i.b eral-cvoaslmauonepdso litan
whaitcn e arirtne spseecettmosbs e t hevrieyro ppoasriotasele,m ost
concuryra enwndit tlbhriona tdhsleay m cel aosfps e opSltea.r ting
frohmie ss soanyp so puslcaireB necnegh,ai lsits oorcyia,en tdy
cultBuanrkeiC,mh anCdhraat top(a1d8h3y8sa-hy9i 4fb)ty e dt he
188t0ows r itailnmgeo xsctl eulosynri evlitghieomueosrs e,faulssing
tor epreisnsltai ySksae yma ( Egalit1a8r7ii9anw)n h iihscemhh ,a d
spokqeutnief earloefs ms,altnyhky ei nodfss o ciinajlu asntdi ce
expaltoipioetnr pebtyrt artaeddiH tiinosdnouac liW ehtitylh.ele a st
thrdeeece asod ft hnei netceeenntstuahrsw yi gniafdivcaanncte s in
natiotnhaolutighshetwtr a,aes l asttoh s ea mtei amnead r ipsriancgt i­
caloluoytft hsea mseo cainacdlu ltmuirlaialse tur,ao vnegr tsoi on
institpuotliiIotofnin tac hlsoe .n e htahpniesdr rieopdr essoemnet s
significiatnnh tae r poerfsao o gcarineardsle s l irgeifooiuirtsasm l ,s o
knowinnm odeIrnnd hiiasnt orioapg hraacspheha yr aacbsty e rized
faihrolsyat titliett ouwdaesrsud crshe foOrnmmesi .g fhoitrn stance,
lgeitimaaswtkhe syle yv seercatloi fbo hnasd rsaolockoi feC tayl cutta
whihcahbd e eans socwiiatpthre odg rseoscsliieavglei slliaktei otnh e
camipgaang aipnoslytg oarlm eyg alwiizdionwg- measrr,er aicahged
as taotfne e arre vion1l 8t9 0--1 tohAvege oerf C onsBeinwlthl i ch
onlsyou tgohm ta rgimniatlitlghysae ot ceai nasdle xeuxapll oitation
otfh ceh ild-bride.
For aoc veenrt tuhraeyr ,g umceonmtm ounsletydoe xpltahiins
switnogw asrodcsci oanls erhvaabste iesnm t thchiaasmt ie nt he
wakoefa ' grHeiantda uw akeenxipnrge'ts hsreotduh gleho vofe
clsaisHcianlld aun gaunaldgi et erana etpwur rioedfr,e a coefh, i story,
mytlhoogayno dl dwearyo sfl iafnetd u rntihnegr etfobr loamt ant
outbuorfxs etnso phaonbtiic-,i mpseernitailImitews nattsiis,nc.
othweorr tdhsl,ee gitoiumtabotufaern i s ntj uHrienmdda us culinity
orp riwdhei hcahtd oc omteot ersmism ultawnietpohou lsiltyi cal
sbuorindataintodhn r etaoct usl tsuurravlTi hvisastl u.ad iyma st
exaimngis nucfho rmulmaotrcielo onsse ly.
Chronolsopgeiackatilhrnliegysa, c quawiinttthha( enH cien du)
paasrtir veeda rtlhiaennro t ioofanH si nd'ur evwihviarcleh'a lly
gianaecdc aenpdctuer tihncegl osyienaogrft s hn ei netceeennttuhr y.
4 HinRdeuv iviaBnle insgma l Introduction 5
Isip to sstihbelne,t hsteoh -act'a Hlilneaddwu a keunnidnegr'w ent thceh ronolsotgriuccaatntludh,r e amlca otnitci wniutiththiienem s.
sevesruaclcv eess tsaiogfec so nceptounaa nlcdio znasttinr?u ctio wiblelp rogrersesvievtaeotll heyded i scerrenaitdnhegtar ht i s
It
Evidetnhdtiolssey es,e t mbo e t hcea sRee.s eairncHthioen shd iurs yt,o wordko esg odn eoeetpn ouignchte or ftaacioenfBt esn gianltie llectual
soicaalnr de lilgiilfoaeun,sg ourla igtee driandto uotrr ei gwiintaht e liIfh ea.vd ee libneroaattt teelmyp dtiesdcN uetsoos- Vaishnavism,
fiegsug reneirdaelnltayis f'ireedva ilvtahlioirusogtnhsic 'ce arltlayi n Thoesopohrcy a ste-movemwehnictco-hut olhtdeh meerbswe i se
elemewnittsht ihne ir wolrakta epwrpe rroep bryis aotmeed impaonrfttop ru rpoofss uecassh t uNdoyn.e thIte rluteshsttash t i s
orthosdpookxe fsomtreh ne irp uorwpno scelsa.sTshhieec ir sec ase omishsaibsoe nep na rrtelcyo mpbeysn osmepedi oneweorriIkn g
thoaftR omesh CDhuat(nt1d 8r4a8 -w1h9o0rs9ee)s eairncthoe s havaet temtpodt oie nrd e spoefc cetr nteaaifrnol ryg iontdtievni du­
anecniItn dhiiasnt aoncrdiy v ilainzhdai tesif oftnoop r otp ularize alasn idn stitTuhtiwisoo rankis ma.srt econstarlubwceititithn ign,
Vedsitcu tdhireosu gh torfta hRneis Vgle adStaai mohnwiset rvaee r y majcoorn storfsa oiuenmr tacst etrhileaia lfn,ewd o rokfs omree la­
clotsore e vipvraolgirsatbm uwmthe ons o netwhaeasll ewssiosd ely tilvyue nfambiulbtiy a rn o umneiamnpso fritgaulnritetk she e
criticoirztehdco idorixcnI l te sa.pt'pom e eta hresrr eteh fwaoitt hin SanskPruintdSiiastst a Tdahrakra chu(d1a8m59a12n-8ti1)hf ,ei ery
whaitls o oscealltylh 'eeHd i nadwua kentihneagrr'eip, se er ceptibly Hindmui ssiKorniasrPhyrn oas oSne(nn1o 8 49-a1nt9dh0 r2oe)fe
diffsehraeodnfmet es a nTiintlghl1.e 8 8o0rss ot ,h' iasw akweansi ng' thmea jworri tfeotrrhss et roonrgtlhyBo ednogxwa eleikB layn gabasi
larpgreolpyeb lyanl eeewdn ebrogrywn i tthhiWene steedrauntc ed whiwciht theiynne aorfis te sx isthearndec aec,arh eecdco irrdc ula­
Hindoufr edisctohrveae triionhngua mla enalinesdm twe intthhsii sn tioofn 2a0w ,e0e20Tk 0o.t hbee osfmt y k nowlneodm gaejw,oo rr k
ownt radainttdih oenrr eebsyt aonra inncgic einvti ltiohz eaatlitohn hassi mibleaedrnol nyoe nt hceo ntrotvhseaurtrs ryo euinttdhhsee r
ancdr ediHbeirleiattfyhtr.iee srf ,o romuitslgtor oakd ually came Brtoa hMmaor rBiia(lg1le8 68o-rt7 hC2eo) n sBein(lt1l 8 90E-v9e2n) .
bet arndii,nsf oh wteh orlelpyl baycm eodr,e shorti-nssiuglhatre d awnidt thhimeno rcee lebBreantgleaidlt ief riagruoyrft e hpsie sr iao d,
vieownrs e liagnisdoo nc iMeotrpyer. e sumpsttuaotueasml esnot s disproporltairnogunema botefebr lo yoa knsad r tihcalvbeees e n
begtaon aipnpt ehraeer a olfpm o liltiwifhceeaa ngl oondu mboefr writotnBe ann kim tCoth hanene dnarerag olfesc otmo ehf iwso rthy
Hindbuha dralotkos pbeoeafagkt a ann gdiibvlbieed tew pereen­ frienadnscd o ntemploirCkahera inedsr Baansa(ut1 h8 44-1910),
Muslhiims toontr hoyen hea nadn Idn do-Irsulolanetm hoietc h er. NabCihna nSder(na1 78-419a0nA9dk) s hCahya nSdarra(k 1a8r4 6-
Iwta isnt hpiosl ivtiisctiahotlanh ts e o ctieanlsb ieotnwsve aieronu s 191T7oa) n.e xtenitbs u nttah tiuisrtn a elro;mfh s i s isnhteeelrl ectual
etnho-relgirgoiuopuss t whsieot a-hlcil'neg dl orioursu leH'i ndu brilalnitdah nceco en tritbomu otdieBorennn glaalniga unaldgi et er­
wersem ooetnehodua tn wdh enreecw o nceopftP iaonn-sH induism atutrheec,ra bene t runlocy o mpabreitswoBenae nnka inmod t hers
gruaadltloyos kh atpheta,et n dteosd e paarnia ntcneeo ennt quiry ofh igse nerHaotwieovnte.hri i,nis t sienslo rf e awshoync ertain
inatp oe opplaefs'rtso m mo rtee ndesncthieoimuwnesh s i hcihs tory importtraenintndB se ngianltie llliesfcheto uucaloldn ttionb uee
bemceat hger eactaessutSa tlrtayn.agc eelirnyts ,ea nosfpe o lciatli negleCcotnetdtr.owa hrayht as so metbiemesenus g getsomt ebe yd
quiesdsiecdnh caer acltieifrneBi eznega attl h e etnaodif tl h e myp eeIrd son, of ti in'tds acritlloeo gcciaootmueps ba'ler ela ements
ninetceeennttHuhor wye.v ieitrs p, r eciinst ehleuysn er ealized oft houbgehttwm eeelnni Bkaen kainNmda bCihn andirrsae .a lly
It
aspirtahtoaintose nh so utlradyn ldo ctahtteern asitfiroornmo sy ont hbea soifss u cbhr oiadde olaofgfiic(nanilot tiweist hstanding
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'eRnaismsoaontdcotse h 'oo sfse o mb'rree vival'. somdei ffetrheoanntcge eo seb)se yopnedr sontaotl hdieot miaeisn
ofm ajsoorc ainaidld �olgorgoiugcpsaTi.lhn iwso rtkh einss,t ruc­
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turqaulildtyie f fferroReman ytc haurdehcusertniu3ti' d ansym s u ch
Befoernert ieinngqt ueos tioofc nrsi itmipcoarltt oa nstctheui ads y , ast hfeo ctuesnt doss h iffrtoi mn divtiobd ruoaalidsne tre llectual
briceomfme notni ts neaxtaoucrsrt ce o wpoeu nlodpt e rhbaeop ust treonrmd osv emeInnst ofs aa.rst hiipsso sstihbeels es,ia nty hsi s
ofp laIctie as.ws etloal d maittth o eus tetth iaantw orko ft hkiisn d, booakrb eo tshe lf-caonntdth aeimnaetldii cntakoelea ldocy th h Ie r.
ibte covmeeirsmy p orntotatofn atil nlet iot htehtrew eooxf t erse,m trutshtah ter eawdiedlrel t seocmiten nuenrii tnty hf ea tchtta hti s
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i.oefp. r,o duacf iatnrog go e nesruearylov fs ocainaidln tteulallec stubdeyg amdsa lesnod wsi tahd iscuosnss iigonni ifsiscuaenst
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histooror fwy r,i teisnsogan sy esl tehcetwm ietsh aoluhsgtioh ltiignhg reltaomt aerdr ainacdgo em mulniiftey.
6 HinRdeuv iviaBnl enigsaml Introduction 7
Thoutghhi s pusrptoutrdstyo b ea h istoofir nyt elleicnt ual liWfees atn,dth ei ntelllieofcfBet e unaghlaa blde emna dpeo orw!etrh
Bengiastloh ,u lbdes tahteertdeh aitis n i te lfafregacentel xya min­ thep sasianwga oyf b othB hudMeubk hopadahnyBda ayn k1m
atioofcn e rtdaeivne leonpctmesn tirnoe rad r ound CTaoal nc utta. ChanrdaE.x tendoiuprne gr iboyrd o ugahd leyc adheo wheavse r
exttehniitvss i ndibcyta htgeee do graphicoaftl hr eee vxlipivasants e gvieunst haedd eadd �nvtaogf?e e !snlgi grr.ihotrfleay m iwliitaahr
movemietnstMe alnfiy.mp o trainntd ilvasin didun astistuuctahis o ns realteilvuyn knoewrinaBn e nghasiltioS roym.ie m ptoarwnotr okfs
PundSiats aadnhtdah rDe h arMmaadn althiBe,a ngapbraeassnisd NabiCnh nadr(aP rob1h89aA6sm, i ta1b8h9aa5n Adm rbihtaa
aftate irm e, AkshaSya dChhacarhnaodtnsromiea a 'kCsea lctuhtet a 1098t)h,fe o undnao tfti hRoea amkrisMhatnahan Mdi ssainodn
princbiapsoaefl tohpeeirra tTihfoean cst. tdhoaentso itont,n h ei s Vievknaanad'sse cond tjoEo uurronapeneAyd m eritcheaem, e rging
contheexaatrs,m u cohft ratidoicneanlt orfHe isn ldue arlniikneg popurliaotfSy a nrsiktimzoivnegm eanrsteos m oeft hmea joocrc ur­
VikramNpaudorir,Ba u rdwias nt moi namdc y l eianrd icoaftt hieo n rneceosft e hsyee ars. wFhiecnno anlsliyd,e rale adr pgfeerrros mp ec­
shifbtainlncaogefs oicaaln pdo liptoiwcfearrlo p mr el-ocnociiatli es tieve,n dionugsr t uadt1y 9 0h5aa ss pecriealle vaasinc tco ei ncides
ton ewuerrb caenn torfce loso npioawleN ro.n ethoenlmeei sgsh,t witht ehc lsoeo fad istiinnBc etn gearlai htihbseet goirnyon fia nngd
usteh oipsp orttuopn riethsyos m teh peo itnhtaa l to otfw orskt ill anoth.Te hrep retmuardee aotfVh i veka(n1a9nf0do2al) l obwye d
rematiobn eds o nien ftiheiTlsod w.da str h1e8 9i0nst,e rreesfteirn­g tohsoef J ogernaCd handBraasa un dM aharDiesbhein dranath
encweesrm ea dbeyt he orctahmotpdot o rxSu he asstcrhiocl arship Tagor(ebh oi tn1 90a5n)td h lea uncohfti hanegn ti-paagrittiattiioonn
resiodnilnytg h uiepn r iBgrhath fmrionEm a Bsetn gcaolm patroe d aera p arot fp recsiuscechlh ya nges.
whoBmr ahsmcihno olfCa arlsc uptostsae,so sf'e Bda buq-ulailkiet'i es Ihta bse nee xrtemedliyf fsiocmuelttti orm eecso ntshtheri usctto ry
becammoer aslulsypA ef cutla.ln eadmr o rheo livsiteoiwfc intellectuoaflc erntp earisonaalntdih tiein esst itthuertyaig noi nv enr atthhee r
developimnB eenntgdsau lr ionupgre riibosod u ntdoe merge when liimtesdor ucmea tearviaaill Tahbell iet.e roantt hu'erB ee ngal
simirleasre aarrceh ecsoa urotrn oi tehdie mrp orctiatonirtte osw ns Renaainscsleo'o aklsm oisnte xhbalwuehs etcnio mpatrote hdfe a ct
witehtihnBn eincgn aoclto vebryte hdwi osr k. tahtth eerxei stosn beoi nolgyro afKp rhiys Phrnoas otnwnsooh ,o rt
Int hceno teoxfHt i ndrue vivianBl einsgma ls,e1e8tm7obs2 e a lisfkee-tocfJh oegse ndraa nCpdhr aancdtrviaec rlayil tiltnylf eo rma­
faicrolnyv epnoiietnnostt t afrrtoI mnt. h fei rpslatic cteo ,i necsi d tinoo nt hlei afned exopfPl uonidStiasts adFhoalrl.ot whipenu gb li­
witthhe en tdo t hdee baotvreet hBer ahMmaor riBaitglhelha atd caotnio ft hree micneinscoefMs a henKdurmaa Bra s(uJ ogendra
brouignhsttho afropc tuhsie n cnitpd iieffeorveecnroc memsi utny­ Chandrsao'nms)u cmho riens o wk nowanb otuhthe i stooftr hye
identoirot viecernos c eptuaolfc ogmomaulnlsii Itfnyee s.s etnhcee , Banagsatbih aenv efni fyteeaebrnas cT kh.me a jcoorn sthrearoiefn t
debeantseu beedt wteheonws heoi ntertphree ftleoaddus ertc aodfe s couritssahe tt hoer igfiinlaetlsh p eao pfae rrne ol onagveari lable.
Brahhmios taostr heyev oluotfadi iosnt Iinndccitoa mnm nui(ta yn d Paorfit t awpapsa rdeenltilbyed reastterdlouyyr etidhnB gea ngabasi
hensceep arabHlien dfaurnsod)m twhhoows eer e retlodu rcatwa nt Proseccuat(si1eo8 )n9a, 1n a df ailralrpygo er tsiuobns eqsuoelndtly
thacto nciloubnse;t wteheonws heoa rgutehdsa pti rpirtougarle ss ofafss c r5Ta hpfe.i olfte hsDe a intihIkel, l usItnrdaNiteaewnads n ,d
walsa rgceolnyt ionngs eoincatpl r ogarneodst sh wehrosb rolayd thHei nBdain gaablabssroio uoguhbtty t hBea ngapbraesasirse ,
agreweidtt hh airsmg eunbtu stt rodnigflfyoe vreqerud e isotnosf simiulnatrrlayce exacbielntpe htf eo romfr andpoams saapgpeesa r­
pacoers traTthedegbe ya.t teh,o usgehe milnogclayil tnir ezmeosdf inigno thceorn tempnoerwasrpyao prae str rsa nsfloaortf ifoinc ial
spaacnetd i mdei,ed v teunaolultyg sruocwh .bCalrariiamebsro su.t reptosUr.n detrhc ei rcucmesostn,ahe na hsa tdo d epefnamdro re
th'es uperoifHo irniidtsuyam'n tde anttisvtea teambeonautnats l l­ thaonnw eo uhladv neo rmallilkoeynod f,f ipcuiballi claittkiheoe ns
Indfiead eornoa fHti indaupsep armeodsi tn tereesntoiufngrghol my RepoonNr att Piavpeer Tsh.e obsvhioorutsc iontm hicinasgos teh er
withtihBenr ahmo iStasfmeaalijsfr o loaynf ttehcrio srn otve4rI ts y. thtahnde u biqouuasl itthtyer aonfs liatsth itaohtne isrss,ei mpnloy
wamso rdei ffhiocwueelrvtt,od ecuipdoet nhd ea atwteh itcoeh n d. w�yo fr elaatp ianrgt ipcauslstaaoirg ta esu thIso urs.p tehciaitttfs o r
Foarlp lr acptuiprcoaslte hse, dilviicndoeiu hnlagdvb ee ednr aawtn thriesa tshomanat n myo rees sayso/faI rntdircaBlnaeanstd ho padhyay
189b4y,w hitcihm tehC eo nesnBti cloln trohvaedr sddyoiw end, orJ goendCrhaa ndBraasc uo unlodbt e i ncorpionrttaoht eeidr
Vivekahnaatdna dkate hnme e ssoafgr ee surHgiednnuti tsom the ColclteeWdo rkNso.n ethIeh laevusess et,do g ooadd vantthaege,