Highlights of Astronomy: As presented at the XXth General Assembly of the IAU, 1988

662 Pages·1989·30.188 MB·English

by  Richard M. West (auth.), Derek McNally (eds.)

HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION
UNION ASTRONOMIQUE INTERNATIONALE
HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY
VOLUME 8
AS PRESENTED AT THE XXth GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE IAU, 1988
EDITED BY
D. McNALLY
University of London Observatory, London, u.K.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
The Library of Congress Cataloged This Serial Publications as Follows:
71-159657
ISBN-13:978-0-7923-028 1-0 e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-0977-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0977-9
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Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE D. McNally xv
INVITED DISCOURSES
1. HALLEVWS COMET
Part I: Ground-based Observations R.M. West 3
Part II: Space Studies V.I. Moroz 17
2. THE RISE AND FALL OF QUASARS M. Schmidt 33
3. GALAXY FORMA lION AND DARK MATTER M. Rees 45
JOINT DISCUSSIONS
1. NEW DEVELCPMENTS IN DOCUMENT A lION 67
AND OATA SERVICES FOR ASTRONOMERS
Chairman and Reporter: G.A. Wilkins
1. Introduction 69
2. Developments in primary publishing 71
(Contributors: S. Mitton; H. Abt; G.A. Wilkins;
C.O. Jaschek)
3. Developments in information retrieval 77
and distribution
(Contributors: J. Rey-Watson; B.M. Lasker,
P.M.B. Shames & L. Butler; B.G. Marsden;
J.-L. Halbwachs; C.R. Benn; R.M. Shobbrook)
4. Developments in data archiving and retrieval 83
(Contributors: C.O. Jaschek; O.B. Dluzhnevskaya;
C.R. Benn; M. Rushton; F. Ochsenbein; F.M. Spite)
5. The changing role of astronomical libraries 87
(Contributors: G.A. Wilkins; S. Stevens-Rayburn;
E. Bouton; E. Lastovica; A.-M.M. de Narbonne;
R.M. Shobbrook; J. Dudley)
6. Summary 93
Acknow ledge ments 95
References 96
VI
Additional paper:
The selection of scientific and J. Dudley 97
technical records for permanent
retention
2. FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF STARS IN BINARY SYSTEMS 101
Chairman and Editor: R.C. Smith
New observational clues on binary formation D.W. Latham 103
in the galaxy
A search for planetary-mass companions B. Campbell 109
to nearby stars
Spectroscopic binaries among low-mass R.D. Mathieu 111
pre-main sequence stars
Binary frequency among pre-main M. Simon 117
sequence stars in Taurus and Ophiuchus
Brown dwarfs in binary systems B. Zuckerman 119
Cloud collapse and fragmentation A.P. Boss 123
Criteria for collapse and fragmentation S.M. Miyama 127
of rotating clouds
Mathematical status of the fission theory N.R. Lebovitz 129
Numerical simulations of fission R.H. Durisen 133
S. Yang
& R. Grabhorn
The J vs M relation for binary stars J.E. T ohline 137
The formation and evolution of binaries F. Verbunt 139
in globular clusters
Binaries from unstable triples. J.P. Anosova 143
Dynamical processes of formation
"Undisturbed" evolution in binaries J. Andersen 145
Disturbed binaries: the early phases J.P. de Greve 149
Binary Wolf-Rayet stars B. Hidayat 153
K.A. van der Hucht
Progress of common envelope evolution R.E. Taam 155
Millisecond pulsars J.H. Krolik 161
Evolution of cataclysmic binaries B. Paczynski 167
The AM Her period spike J.P. Lasota 173
A new progenitor model of type Ia supernovae I. Hachisu 175
M. Kato
& H. Saio
Concluding remarks V. Trimble 177
VII
3. SlJlERNOVA 1987 A IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD 181
Chairman: V. Trimble, Co-chairmen: W. Liller & J.C Wheeler
Editor: W. Liller
Editorial W. Liller 183
Supernova 1987 A: light curves R.M. Catchpole 185
and their interpretation
Evidence f()r asymmetries in SN1987 A M. Karovska 193
L. Koechlin
P. Nisenson
C. Papaliolios
C. Standley
Gamma-ray lines from SN1987 A E.L. Chupp 199
and interpretation
Interpretation of the CO bands C.M. Sharp 207
of supernova 1987 A P. H1:iflich
Three dimensional hydrodynamical simulation M. Nagasawa 213
of type II supernova
NL TE calculations of hydrogen line profiles W. Schmutz 215
for SN1987A
Non-equilibrium thermal X-ray emission H. Hanami 217
in the early phase of supernova remnant T. Yoshida
Additional papers:
Effects of the soft X-ray burst from SN1987 A P. Lundqvist 223
on its circumstellar medium C. Fransson
Neutrinos: detection and interpretation L.N. Alexeyeva 229
4. THE COSMIC DUST CONNECTION IN INTERPLANETARY SPACE: 239
COMETSz INTERSTELLAR DUST AND FAMILIES
OF MINOR PLANETS
Chairman and Editor: J.M. Greenberg
From interstellar dust to comet dust J.M. Greenberg 241
and interplanetary particles
What are families of minor planets? Y. Kozai 251
IRAS dust bands and the origin S.F. Dermott 259
of the zodiacal cloud P.D. Nicholson
Spatially varying optical properties 5.5. Hong 267
of the zodiacal dust S.M. Kwon
What we know about families of asteroids V. Zappala' 273
Comets, meteorites and interplanetary dust D.E. Brownlee 281
Dynamics and spatial shape P.B. Babadzhanov 287
of short-period meteoroid streams Yu. V. Obrubov
Cometary dust and zodiacal light connection A. Dollfus 295
Dust from the comets T. Mukai 305
V11l
The origin and physical characteristics D. Olsson-Steel 313
of meteoroids
5. ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR OAT A FOR ASTROCI--EMISTRY 321
Chairman and Editor: P. Smith
Atomic and molecular data for diffuse E.F. van Dishoeck 323
cloud chemistry
Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared J.H. Black 331
spectroscopy of interstellar molecules
Microwave spectroscopy of astrophysical W.M. Irvine 339
molecules
Some salient features of evolving models S.P. Tarafdar 345
of interstellar clouds S.K. Ghosh
K.R. Heere
5.5. Prasad
Molecules in circumstellar envelopes A.Omont 357
Atomic and molecular data for stellar physics R.A. Bell 365
Chemistry in dense interstellar clouds/ T.J. Millar 369
Data requirements
Chemistry in shocks T.W. Hartquist 375
Chemical effects of interstellar grains D.A. Williams 383
The volatile composition of comets H.A. Weaver 387
Atmospheres of planets and their satellites D.F. Strobel 395
6. DISKS AND JETS ON VARIOUS SCALES IN THE UNIVERSE 397
Chairman and Editor: J. Dyson
The far-infrared (IRAS) excess in Roberts 22 M. Parthasarathy 399
and related objects
Recent observations of the beams in 55433 R.C. Vermeulen 403
Large scale jets in Class I and Class II G.V. Bicknell 409
radio sources and quasars
Synchrotron thermal instabilities G. Bodo 417
and radio filaments in the lobes of Cygnus A A. Ferrari
s. Massaglia
E. Trussoni
Gravitation and jet induced velocities M. Whittle 423
in the narrow line region of active galaxies
Two-flow model for extragalactic radio jets H. Sol 429
E. Asseo
G. Pelletier
ix
7. TI-£ HlJ3BLE SPACE TELESCOPE - STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES 433
Chairman and Editor: G. Miley
The science program N.A. Bahcall 435
of the Hubble Space Telescope
Hubble Space Telescope E.J. Weiler 441
second generation instrument selection
Wide field/planetary camera-II J. Trauger 443
for the Hubble Space Telescope
The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph B.E. Woodgate 445
(STIS)
The next generation: G.D. Illingworth 449
an 8 -16 m space telescope
Space astronomy - The next thirty years M.S. Longair 455
JOINT COMMISSION MEETINGS
1. FOR MILLIARCSECOND OR BETTER ACCURACY 463
Chairman and Editor: P.K. Seidelmann
1. Introduction P.K. Seidel mann 465
2. Observational accuracies 469
(Contributors: M. Shao; P. Bender; J.H. Taylor)
3. Theoretical Developments 472
(Contributors: H. Kinoshita & J. Souchay; J. Wahr;
N. Capitaine; S. Aoki)
4. Computational considerations 476
(Contributors: E.M. Standish Jr.; M. Feissel; B.D. YaUop;
C.A. Murray; H. Schwan)
5. Working Group Reports 482
(Contributors: R.L. Duncombe; B. Morando;
J.A. Hughes)
2. SOLAR AND STELLAR CORONAE 501
(In honour of Gordon Newkirk Jr.)
Chairmen and Editors: E.R. Priest & R. Falciaoi
l. G. Newkirk's contribution to coronal studies J.A. Eddy 503
2. Structure of the Solar Corona T. Sakurai 513
E. Hiei
3. Coronal heating: theoretical ideas J. V. Hollweg 517
x
4. An update on X-ray emission from stars R. Rosner 521
5. Solar and stellar winds G.L. Withbroe 525
6. Coronal instabilities G. Einaudi 529
7. Accretion disk coronae M. Kuperus 535
8. Solar and stellar flares A.a. Benz 539
3. HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION IMAGING FROM THE GROUND 543
Chairmen: J.E. Baldwin and J. Davis
Editor: J. Davis
Introduction J. Davis 545
Principles of imaging using arrays T. J. Cornwell 547
Is the imaging problem identical J.E. Baldwin 549
in all wave bands?
Review of linked array instruments R.D. Ekers 551
Very long baseline interferometry J.M. Moran 553
Millimeter wave interferometry D. Downes 555
Meter wave interferometry G. Swarup 557
Long baseline optical interferometry S. T. Ridgway 559
Speckle interferometry J.C. Christou 561
Infrared long baseline interferometry W.C. Danchi 563
M. Bester
P.R. McCullough
C.H. Townes
Active control and adaptive optics F. Merkle 565
for optical interferometers
Galactic and extragalactic applications G.B. Field 567
The application of optical arrays H.A. McAlister 569
to solar system and stellar problems
Optical interferometry: P.J. Lena 571
summary and perspectives
4. MOLECULES IN EXTERNAL GALAXIES 573
Chairmen: F. Combes, N.Z. Scoville & J. Young
Editor: F. Combes
The molecular spiral structure in M51 M. Guslin 575
derived from CO(J = 2 - 1) line S. Garcia-Burillo
observations R. Blundell
J. Cernicharo
D. Despois
H. Steppe
xi
Molecular cloud spiral arms 1\. Hjalmarson 579
and results from tidal interaction modeling
CO in NGC4438 and tidal stripping F. Combes 581
in the Virgo cluster C.Dupraz
F. Casoli
L. Pagani
CO observations of the central region Y. Sofue 583
of NGC4258
The correlation of CO and IR emission F. Verter 585
from galaxies; what does it tell us?
Can galactic GMCs be identified D.S. Adler 587
from I-v diagrams? W. W. Roberts, Jr.
Warm gas and spatial variations A. Eckart 589
of molecular excitation in the D. Downes
nuclear region of IC342 R. Genzel
A.I. Harris
D.T. Jaffe
W. Wild
Recent CO(2 -1) observations A.I. Sargent 591
of galaxies with the CSO T. G. Phillips
D.B. Sanders
N.Z. Scoville
Molecules in galaxies: results A.A. Stark 593
from Bell Laboratories
CO in M82 and other middly active galaxies R. Wielebinski 595
Molecular clouds in dwarf irregular galaxies C. Henkel 597
Molecular clouds in the Large and Small M. Rubio 599
Magellanic Clouds
CO in early type galaxies T. Wiklind 601
C. Henkel
The ratio of H2 to HI gas in I.F. Mirabel 603
infrared luminous galaxies D.B. Sanders
Molecular gas in galactic nuclei N.Z. Scoville 605
5. SPECTROSCOPY OF INDIVIDUAL STARS 609
IN GLOBLULAR CLUSTERS AND THE
EARL Y CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF OUR GALAXY
Chairman: G. Cayrel de Strobel
Editors: G. Cay rei de Strobel & M. Spite
(The transactions of this Joint Commission Meeting
will be published by the Imprimerie de l'Observatoire
de Paris, 92195 Meudon Principal Cedex, France)
Summary G. Cayrel de Strobel 611