HIGHER MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Problems and Solutions HIGHER MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Problems and Solutions Mahir M. Sabzaliev, PhD Ilhama M. Sabzalieva, PhD Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 9 Spinnaker Way Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Waretown, NJ 08758 Canada USA ©2018 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-642-0 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-203-73013-3 (eBook) All rights reserved. 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TA330.S23 2018 620.001’51 C2018-900583-1 C2018-900584-X CIP data on file with US Library of C ongress Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that ap- pears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crc- press.com ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mahir M. Sabzaliev Mahir M. Sabzaliev is head of Higher Mathematics and Technical Sciences chair at Baku Business University. He is also a professor of general and applied mathematics at Azerbaijan University of Oil and Industry, Baku, Azerbaijan, where he was a head of the higher mathematics chair in 2011– 2015. He is a member of the International Teachers Training Academy of Science. He has authored over 100 published scientific works, including 30 educational works and scientific-methodical aids. He has given many talks at international conferences. His papers were published in several well- known journals, including Doklady Academy of Sciences of SSSR, Doklady of Russian Academy of Sciences, Differential Equations (Differentsial’nye Uravneniya), and Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk, among others. Dr. Sabzaliev graduated from Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University with an honors diploma in mathematics. He worked as a teacher of math- ematics in a secondary school and subsequently enrolled as a full-time post graduate student and earned the candidate of physical-mathematical sciences degree. In 2013, he earned a PhD in mathematics. Ilhama M. Sabzalieva Ilhama M. Sabzalieva, PhD, is an associate professor of general and applied mathematics and also department chair at Azerbaijan University of Oil and Industry, Baku, Azerbaijan. She has authored over 40 scientific works, including 10 educational works and scientific-methodical aids. She has authored more than 40 scientific works and has prepared educational supplies and scientific-methodical aids. She has attended several interna- tional conferences and given talks. She has also published papers in jour- nals such as Doklady of Russian Academy of Sciences and Differentsial’nye Uravneniya. Dr. Sabzalieva graduated from Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry with an honors diploma and also earned the candidate of physical-mathematical sciences degree. CONTENTS Preface .........................................................................................................ix 1. Elements of Linear Algebra and Analytic Geometry ...............................1 2. Introduction to Mathematical Analysis.................................................115 3. Differential Calculus of a Function of One Variable ...........................183 4. Studying Functions of Differential Calculus and Their Application to Construction of Graphs.................................................221 5. Higher Algebra Elements .......................................................................243 Index .................................................................................................................257 PREFACE This book was prepared and written based on the long-term pedagog- ical experience of the authors at Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry. The problems that cover all themes of mathematics on engineering- technical specialties of higher technical schools have been gathered in this volume, which consists of three parts. The volume contains sections on “elements of linear algebra and analytic geometry,” “differential calculus of a function of one variable,” and “higher algebra elements.” In this book, on every theme we present short theoretical materials and then give problems to be solved in class or independently at home, along with their answers. On each theme we give the solution of some typical, relatively difficult problems and guidelines for solving them. In the case of when students will be working out the problems to be solved independently, we have taken into account the problems’ similarity with the problems to be solved in class, and we stress the development of the self-dependent thinking ability of students. The problems marked by “*” are relatively difficult and are intended for students who want to work independently. This book is intended for bachelor students of engineering-technical specialties of schools of higher education and will also be a good resource for those beginning in various engineering and technical fields. The book will also be valuable to mathematics faculty, holders of master’s degrees, engineering staff, and others.