Higher Education in Saudi Arabia: Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities PDF
Preview Higher Education in Saudi Arabia: Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities
Higher Education Dynamics 40 Larry Smith Abdulrahman Abouammoh E ditors Higher Education in Saudi Arabia Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities Higher Education in Saudi Arabia HIGHEREDUCATION DYNAMICS VOLUME40 SeriesEditor PeterMaassen,UniversityofOslo,Norway,andUniversityofTwente,Enschede, TheNetherlands JohanMu¨ller,GraduateSchoolofHumanities,UniversityofCapeTown, Rondebosch,SouthAfrica EditorialBoard AlbertoAmaral,CIPESandUniversidadedoPorto,Portugal AkiraArimoto,HiroshimaUniversity,Japan NicoCloete,CHET,Pretoria,SouthAfrica DavidDill,UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,USA Ju¨rgenEnders,UniversityofTwente,Enschede,TheNetherlands PatriciaGumport,StanfordUniversity,USA MaryHenkel,BrunelUniversity,Uxbridge,UnitedKingdom GlenJones,UniversityofToronto,Canada SCOPEOFTHESERIES HigherEducationDynamicsisabookseriesintendingtostudyadaptationprocesses and their outcomes in higher education at all relevant levels. In addition it wants to examine the way interactions between these levels affect adaptation processes. It aims at applying generalsocial science concepts and theories as well as testing theories in the fi eld of higher education research. It wants to do so in a manner thatisofrelevancetoallthoseprofessionallyinvolvedinhighereducation,beitas ministers,policy-makers,politicians,institutionalleadersoradministrators,higher educationresearchers,membersofthe academicstaff ofuniversitiesandcolleges, orstudents.Itwillincludebothmatureanddevelopingsystemsofhighereducation, coveringpublicaswellasprivateinstitutions. Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6037 Larry Smith (cid:129) Abdulrahman Abouammoh Editors Higher Education in Saudi Arabia Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities 123 Editors LarrySmith AbdulrahmanAbouammoh UniversityofNewEngland CentreforHigherEducation Armidale,NewSouthWales ResearchandStudies(CHERS) Australia Riyadh SaudiArabia ISSN1571-0378 ISBN978-94-007-6320-3 ISBN978-94-007-6321-0(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-94-007-6321-0 SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergNewYorkLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013934030 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer. PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Foreword It is my great pleasure to write the foreword for this book on behalf of the Higher Education community in Saudi Arabia. Higher Education in Saudi Arabia is undergoing unprecedented change and development, and I am very optimistic aboutthecapacityofouruniversitiestoachieveandmaintaininternationalquality standardsandtocontributesignificantlytothefutureofourcountry. Thisbookdetailsmanyofthemajorinitiativesandexcitingdevelopmentstaking place in Higher Educationin the Kingdomof SaudiArabia. Inevitably,of course, rapidandinmanywaysfundamentalchangewillalsobeaccompaniedbyarangeof issuestobeaddressed,challengestobeovercomeandfailuresfromwhichtolearn. SuchisthecasewithSaudiArabia,andthisbookanalysesnotonlytheachievements butalsotheproblemsandconcernsinarigorousyetconstructivemanner. Saudi Arabia has adopted a long-term strategic plan for its Higher Education systemwhichwecall‘Afaaq’.AmajorgoalofthisplanistoensurethattheHigher Educationsectornotonlysupportsbutalsoisamajordriverofthetransformationof theSaudieconomyfromoneprimarilydependentonoilrevenuestoonethatreflects amuchbroaderresourceandmanufacturingbase. ItisforthisreasonthattheHigherEducationbudgetinSaudiArabiahastripled inthelast5yearsandcurrentlycomprises$US160billionor12%ofthenational budget. Similarly, funding provided for research, most of which directly includes universities or university staff, now comprises 1.1 % of the national domestic product(NDP).Individualuniversitieshavealsobecomemuchmoreentrepreneurial in chasing funds from nongovernment sources, and these ‘endowments’ now constitutemorethan$US1.4billionincomeforthesector. Saudi Arabia is a Kingdom of more than two million square kilometres and a currentpopulationofabout27million,60%ofwhichareyouthlessthan25years of age. To meet the increased participation goals contained in Afaaq, many new universitieshavebeenestablishedoverthelastdecadesuchthatmorethan70cities and townsin SaudiArabia now have a universityor universitycampus.There are now 1.2 million students in HigherEducationin the Kingdom,accommodatedby 24governmentand8privateuniversities. v vi Foreword A major achievement for Saudi Arabia has been the very significant advances made in the provision of university education for women. In 1970, there were just seven females in university courses in the Kingdom. By 2011, that number hadreached700,000,whichrepresentsmorethan60%ofallenrolmentsinSaudi universities.Further,25%ofenrolmentsinmaster’sanddoctoraldegreesatSaudi universitiesarenowwomen,sothatwecanbeveryoptimisticaboutthecapacityof womentodirectlyandpositivelycontributetothefuturedevelopmentandprosperity oftheKingdom. Quality is now central to the operation of Saudi universities, and many have achieved or are working towards the accreditation of their academic programmes withinternationalprofessionalbodiessuchasAACSPandABET.Further,theSaudi government has established the National Commission for Academic Assessment and Accreditation (NCAAA) to ensure that all universities reach national quality benchmarksinallaspectsoftheiroperation,andtheNationalCentreforAssessment in Higher Education (NCAHE) which – among other things – oversees the entry testsandselectionprocessesforsecondarystudentsmovingtouniversitystudy.Iam verygratefulforthesignificantcontributionmadebymanyoftheinternationaland Saudi authors of this book to the establishment and developmentof these quality assurancemechanismsforouruniversitysector. The chapters in this book provide a rigorous analysis of all aspects of the HigherEducationsysteminSaudiArabia.Theyprovidevaluableinsightsintowhat initiatives are working well and why, and what areas still need careful attention. Iamparticularlygratefulfortherangeofinnovativesuggestionsmadethroughout the book as to how the universitysector in Saudi Arabia can furtherimprove and achieveastronginternationalreputation.Inthisrespect,Idoneedtostressthatthis book represents the independent perspectives of the individual authors and in no waynecessarilyreflectstheviewsoftheMinistry.Ihavethegreatestrespectforall theauthorsinthebook–theyarerenownedexpertsandscholarsintheirparticular fields–andthusgivehighvaluetotheopinionstheyexpress,whethertheyconcur withmyownviewsornot. Thisbookisunique.ItistheonlyEnglishlanguagebookthatcomprehensively andindependentlydetailsandanalysestheHigherEducationsystemintheKingdom ofSaudiArabia.I commendallofthe authorsfortheir veryvaluablecontribution and strongly recommend it to all readers who have an interest in the future developmentoftheKingdomofSaudiArabia. MinisterofHigherEducation KhalidbinMohammedAlAnkari KingdomofSaudiArabia Contents 1 HigherEducationinSaudiArabia:Reforms,Challenges andPriorities................................................................ 1 LarrySmithandAbdulrahmanAbouammoh 2 DreamsandRealities:TheWorld-ClassIdeaandSaudi ArabianHigherEducation ................................................ 13 AbdulhalemMaziandPhilipG.Altbach 3 GovernanceinSaudiHigherEducation ................................. 27 EinasS.Al-EisaandLarrySmith 4 The Learning Experiences of SaudiArabianHigher EducationLeadership:CharacteristicsforGlobalSuccess............ 37 OmarAl-SwailemandGeoffreyElliott 5 Delivering High-Quality Teaching and Learning forUniversityStudentsinSaudiArabia................................. 49 SalehA.AlnassarandKwongLeeDow 6 AssessmentofStudentLearning.......................................... 61 EqbalDarandariandAnneMurphy 7 The Role of InformationTechnology in Supporting QualityTeachingandLearning........................................... 73 StephenColbranandNadiaAl-Ghreimil 8 SelectingandDevelopingHigh-QualityAcademicStaff............... 83 SalehAl-GhamdiandMalcolmTight 9 Knowledge-BasedInnovationandResearchProductivity inSaudiArabia............................................................. 95 MohammadAl-OhaliandJungCheolShin 10 AccreditationandQualityAssurance.................................... 103 EqbalDarandariandPhilCardew vii viii Contents 11 HigherEducationforWomenintheKingdomofSaudiArabia ...... 117 FatimaB.JamjoomandPhilippaKelly 12 Private Higher Education in the Kingdomof Saudi Arabia:Reality,ChallengesandAspirations............................ 127 WaleedAl-Dali,MohammedFnais,andIanNewbould 13 DevelopmentofMedicalEducationinSaudiArabia................... 137 MohammadYahyaAl-Shehri, SteveCampbell, MohdZahediDaud,EssamHussainMattar,M.GarySayed, andSaeedAliAbu-Eshy 14 Student Scholarships in Saudi Arabia: Implications andOpportunitiesforOverseasEngagement........................... 151 FawzyBukhariandBrianDenman 15 InternationalCollaboration............................................... 159 MohammadAl-OhaliandSteveBurdon 16 Challengesand OpportunitiesforHigher Education inSaudiArabia:AnExploratoryFocusGroup......................... 167 LarrySmithandAbdulrahmanAbouammoh 17 HigherEducationinSaudiArabia:Conclusions ....................... 181 LarrySmithandAbdulrahmanAbouammoh Index............................................................................... 191 Contributors Professor Abdulrahman Abouammoh is a Senior Consultant to the Centre for HigherEducationResearchandStudies(CHERS)intheSaudiMinistryofHigher EducationandaProfessorofStatisticsatKingSaudUniversityinRiyadh. ProfessorSaeedAliAbu-EshyholdsaChairinSurgeryatNajranUniversitynear theborderwithYemeninsouth-westSaudiArabia. ProfessorWaleedAl-DaliholdsthepositionofSupervisor,DirectorateofPrivate HigherEducation,MinistryofHigherEducation,Riyadh. Dr.EinasS.Al-EisaisanAssistantViceChancellorforAcademicandEducational Affairs, and she is also an Assistant Professor in the College of Applied Medical SciencesatKingSaudUniversity,Riyadh. ProfessorSalehAl-GhamdiholdsaChairinSocialSciencesatImamMuhammad ibnSaudIslamicUniversityinRiyadhandisaConsultanttotheNationalCommis- sionforAcademicAssessmentandAccreditation(NCAAA). Dr.NadiaAl-GhreimilisViceDeanforFemaleStudentsAffairsintheCollegeof ComputerandInformationSciencesatKingSaudUniversityinRiyadh.Sheisalso AssistantDirectoroftheExternalJointSupervisionProgram(EJSP)atKSU. ProfessorSaleh A. Alnassar holdsa Chair in Curriculumand Arabic Instruction intheCollegeofEducationatKingSaudUniversity. Dr. Mohammed Al-Ohali is Deputy Minister for Educational Affairs in the MinistryofHigherEducation,Riyadh. ProfessorMohammadYahyaAl-ShehriisVicePresidentforHealthCollegesand ProfessorofSurgeryatKingSaudUniversityinRiyadh. Dr. Omar Al-Swailem is Dean of Admissions and Registration at King Fahd UniversityofPetroleum&MineralsinDhahran. Professor Philip G. Altbach is Director of the Center for International Higher Education and the J. Donald Monan SJ Professor of Higher Education, at Boston CollegeintheUSA. ix
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