Higher Education and New Technologies. Proceedings of the 5th Congress of the European Association for Research and Development in Higher Education (EARDHE) and the Dutch Association for Research and Development in Higher Education (CRWO)

538 Pages·1989·13.39 MB·English

by  H. Oosthoek (Eds.)

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Higher Education
and New Technologies
Proceedings of the 5th Congress of the
European Association for Research and Development
in Higher Education (EARDHE) and the
Dutch Association for Research and Development
in Higher Education (CRWO), April 22-25, 1987
Edited by
HANS OOSTHOEK
Department for Educational Research and
Development in Higher Education
Utrecht University, The Netherlands
and
TON VROEIJENSTIJN
Association of Cooperating Dutch Universities
PERGAMON PRESS
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First edition 1989
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
European Association for Research and Development in
Higher Education. International Congress (5th: 1987:
Utrecht, Netherlands) Higher education and new
technologies: proceedings of the 5th Congress of the
European Association for Research and Development in
Higher Education (EARDHE) and the Dutch Association
for Research and Development in Higher Education
(CRWO), April 22-25, 1987/edited by
Hans Oosthoek and Ton Vroeijenstijn. — 1st ed.
p. cm.
1. Educational technology—Congresses. 2. Education,
Higher—Data processing—Congresses.
3. Computer-assisted instruction—Congresses.
I. Oosthoek, Hans. II. Vroeijenstijn, Ton.
III. Contactgroep Research Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs.
IV. Title.
LB1028.3.E96 1987 378.V7078—dc20 89-4029
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Higher education and new technologies: proceedings of
the 5th congress of the European Association for
Research and Development in Higher Education
(EARDHE) and the Dutch Association for Research and
Development in Higher Education (CRWO), April 22-25,
1987.
1. Higher education. Application of computer systems
I. Oosthoek, Hans II. Vroeijenstijn, Ton III. European
Association for Research and Development in Higher
Education IV. Dutch Association for Research and
Development in Higher Education
378\0028'5
ISBN 0-08-037261-9
Printed in Great Britain by BPCC Wheatons Ltd. Exeter
Foreword
This volume contains papers read at the EARDHE '87 Congress.
The 5th EARDHE Congress is a joint congress of the European Association for
Research and Development in Higher Education (EARDHE), the Cooperating Dutch
Research Centers in Higher Education (CRWO) and the Department for Research and
Development in Higher Education (O&O van O) at Utrecht University.
The main objective of EARDHE is to promote the development of teaching and
learning in Higher Education in its widest sense. Though teaching and learning in
Universities are still the core fields of interest there is a growing importance given
to cooperation with other fields in Higher Education. Research and development in
university management, in planning and organization do play an important role in the
success of teaching and learning. Hence these fields will be more and more involved
in the different activities of EARDHE. Hence the variety in the origin of the papers
which is also clearly reflected in the proceedings.
The main activity of EARDHE is the congress every three years. The Congress
signals the state of the art in the field of higher education and contributes to an
exchange and cooperation between members long after the congress.
Nearly all Dutch universities have a department directed to the improvement of
learning and instruction in higher education. These centers together form the CRWO,
the Dutch organization for R&D in higher education. CRWO has several special
interest groups who deal with different aspects of higher eduaction such as:
curriculum development, teacher training, quality control in higher education and
computer based training. CRWO organizes a yearly national conference and is editor of
a series of publications in higher education.
Recently CRWO has taken the initiative to start an independent organization for the
promotion of computer based training in higher eduaction (SUNCOO). Activities of the
CRWO and SUNCOO are coordinated by the Department for R&D in Higher Education
of the Association of Cooperating Dutch Universities (VSNU). The development of
computer based training programs is one thing. Bringing these products to a wide
audience and providing conditions for implementation of CBT in regular curricula is
quite a different job. A major activity of SUNCOO and a valuable contribution to the
dissemination of CBT programs in Higher Education is the inventarisation and
description of CBT programs developed in dutch universities and institutes for higher
vocational training in the Netherlands. This catalogue is issued on a yearly base by
SUNCOO. The first issue of this catalogue is discussed in chapter 0 (General Adresses)
of the Proceedings.
The focus of the EARDHE '87 congress was the application of new technology both in
the fields of teaching/learning and in mangement, organization and administration. The
congress was held in April 1987 in the center of the city of Utrecht in the
University Building and organized around the following themes:
- The influence and consequences of new technologies for learning and instruction,
- The influence and consequences for management and institutional structures,
- The possibilities of new technologies in developing countries
The editors will express their thanks to the members of the EARDHE '87-congress
organization for their help in determining the invitations for the keynote speakers of
the congress. This task was especially a difficult one as we wanted to have research
papers and case studies in each of the three fields mentioned above. We are
especially grateful to Tony Earl (O&O van O, Utrecht University), Dick Hermans
(IOWO Nijmegen University) and Jaap van Weeren (CDO, Twente University) for their
continuous efforts towards the programming aspects of the congress. We also could
V
not have managed it without the execellent facilities of Utrecht University and the
support of a lot of people of the Department for Educational Research and
Development in Higher Education at Utrecht University. Last but not least we will
thank Patty Oelp, Ria Schalkwijk and Joyce Prins for the assistance during the
preparation of the conference and the publication of these proceedings.
The EARDHE 87 congress was organized to highlight the scientific, technological and
management aspects of the application of new technologies to teaching and training in
higher education. The present volume reflects this through its scope and its focus on
the possibilities computers offer for learning and teaching both in western and
developing countries.
DRS. PETER VELTMAN
President EARDHE
vi
EARDHE '87 NATIONAL ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
Ytzen Lont Ton Vroeijenstijn
Hans Oosthoek Marianne van der Weiden
Guido Theuns Guusje van der Weijden-Klinkers
Peter Veltman
EARDHE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Peter Veltman (President)
Hans Peter Kühn (Secretary)
FOUNDATION FOR COMPUTER BASED LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
(SUNCOO)
Marianne van der Weiden (Secretary)
Address:
VSNU
Postbus 19270
350IDG Utrecht
The Netherlands
vii
The issue of the EARDHE'87 proceedings has been made possible by courtesy of Rank
Xerox.
We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to Drs D.H.J.
Verkerk, Director Quality Office Rank Xerox (Netherlands) and to Ms. M van der
Heijden, Public Relations Officer of Rank Xerox ( Netherlands) for making it possible
to bring these congress-papers to a worldwide audience.
viii
FROM COPYING TO DOCUMENT PROCESSING
THE CORE OF RANK XEROX ACTIVITIES
Rank Xerox (Nederland) B.V.
From Rank Xerox's point of a view, copying has, over the years, become an integral
part of all office activities. Texts are not merely duplicated, they are also created,
edited, given a specific lay-out, distributed and stored. In Rank Xerox terminology,
this total process is know as "Document Processing".
A recent study has shown that companies in the Netherlands spend around 7% of their
gross turnover on the processing of written information every year. In companies
where information is a particularly important factor, this figure may rise as high as
-14%.
In other words: whereas copying a simple A4 costs an average 5 to 7 cents, the costs
of producing, editing, printing and distributing can range from Dfl. 100 to Dfl. 500
per original page.
The business of producing and processing information creates huge amount of paper.
The awareness that this mountain of paper will not diminish over the next few years
makes the quest for more economical solutions all the more urgent. Rank Xerox has
committed itself to the search for time- and costs-saving solutions for both electronic
documents (sof tcopy) and hardcopy.
Document Processing
The answer is "Document Processing" - an umbrella term for all phases of document
generation utilizing high-tech products.
Computer technology plays an important role here. When automation systems are used
in developing new products, the costs involved in processing written information can
be significantly reduced. Saving of 30% on total production costs are well within the
bound of possibility.
Rank Xerox's policy is aimed at supplying the widest possible range of products for
each stage of Document Processing. In developing its products, Rank Xerox has made
maximum compatibility with other systems a basic principle, be they laser printers,
network systems or Desktop Publishing.
Rank Xerox manufactures electronic typewriters for the creation of simple texts. For
the creation, editing and lay-out of more complex documents, Rank Xerox has
complete publishing systems. Rank Xerox makes printer systems for printing documents
and copiers for duplicating documents. Rank Xerox also supplies advanced printing and
copying systems for technical drawing offices and facsimile equipment for the
distribution of written information.
Finally, Rank Xerox has developed networking facilities for the exchange of
information between the various Xerox systems mentioned above, as well as with other
systems. These facilities are based on Ethernet, which makes it possible to exchange
date within one office and in a multiple site environment.
HENT—A· ix
NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION:
CHAOS OR PROGRESS?
W.J. Deetman
Minister of Education and Science
The Netherlands
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Ten days ago four experts discussed computerisation of society in a Dutch television
programme.
One of their conclusions was that there was a chaos in this process in the Nether-
lands and that at this moment this chaos is a good thing. According to them, Govern-
ment should dare to maintain this chaos and should definitely not try to overregulate
the matter. As future developments are not predictable, they suggest that creativity
should be generated by tolerating chaos.
Does this mean that I should stimulate you to create more chaos? I will come back to
this later on. But I can say I do hope this congress will stimulate your creativity. I
hope it will also contribute to the progress of a good use of new technologies in
higher education.
The use of computers in the educational system has increased enormously during the
last decade. It is generally expected that this growth will continue for many years to
come. Introduction ofnew technologies in all sectors of society is the main cause for
these expectations.
One of the main functions of the educational system is to prepare students for a job
in the future. It must prepare the students to work with these new technologies. The
last few years also the use of new technologies as a tool in the instruction processes
- known as computer-assisted instruction - arose as a possibility, but has not yet
been fully developed in this country.
The government of the Netherlands is aware of the importance of the use of com-
puters in society. Therefore we started an extensive program three years ago to raise
the level of information technology in the Dutch society in a five years' time. For
this Stimulation Program on Informatics an amount of 1.700 million guilders has
been allocated, which is quite an amount according to Dutch standards. Two main
objectives are formulated in the educational part of this program. The first is to
familiarise ordinary people with information technology, to put it in another way:
"information technolgy for the man-in-the-street".
The second objective is to create "human capital" to strengthen the market sector and
to ensure better and more efficient functioning of social services.
The use of information-technolgy in the education process - or computer-assisted
instruction - was formulated as a sub-goal, but with the lowest priority and not
1