High-yield Acid-base (High-Yield Acid-Base) (High-Yield Series)

102 Pages·2007·2.572 MB·English

by  J. Craig Longenecker

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High-Yield Acid–Base
SECOND EDITION
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High-Yield Acid–Base
SECOND EDITION
J. Craig Longenecker, M.D., M.P.H.
Kuwait University
Faculty of Medicine
Revised by:
Todd R. Nelson, M.D., M.S.
University of Iowa
Department of Anesthesiology
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Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Philadelphia, PA 19106
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced
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The publisher is not responsible (as a matter of product liability, negligence, or otherwise) for any
injury resulting from any material contained herein. This publication contains information relating
to general principles of medical care that should not be construed as specific instructions for indi-
vidual patients. Manufacturers’ product information and package inserts should be reviewed for
current information, including contraindications, dosages, and precautions.
Printed in the United States of America
First Edition, 1998
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Longenecker, J. Craig.
High-yield acid-base / J. Craig Longenecker ; revised by Todd R.
Nelson. — 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-7817-9655-5 (alk. paper)
1. Acid-base imbalances. 2. Acid-base equilibrium. I. Nelson, Todd R.
II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Acid-Base Imbalance. 2. Acid-Base Equilibrium. WD 220
L852h 2007]
RC630.L66 2007
616.3'992—dc22
2006035066
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Dedicated with love to my wife, Ruth.
What joy there is in the journey!
–Ecclesiastes 4:9–10
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Preface
One may well ask why we need another book on acid–base disorders. After all, medical libraries
and bookstores abound with textbooks presenting the pathophysiology of acid–base disorders and
their relationship to medical illness. This book is not intended to replace those textbooks or to pro-
vide a shortcut around the many hours of study required to understand acid–base syndromes as
they relate to the broader context of medical illness. Rather, the goal of this book is to provide
a bridge between the acid–base physiology taught in the classroom and the evaluation of a patient
on the wards.
When I was a medical student, one of the hurdles I faced in learning acid–base pathophysiolo-
gy was the multitude of perspectives from which it was taught, each with its own unique list of
equations and nomograms. As I dutifully waded through this morass, I found that the confusion
I faced was shared by others as well. After encountering real patients with acid–base disorders,
I began to see that all of the equations, mechanisms, and nomograms that I had been taught could
be condensed into a relatively straightforward method, which is the basis of this book. It is a prac-
tical method with which to evaluate acid–base problems that enables the reader to establish a stan-
dard approach to acid–base pathophysiology as he or she begins to apply it to clinical situations.
This method certainly is not the only way to approach acid–base problems, but it is coherent and
trimmed down to the basics of the acid–base theory.
Chapters 1 through 4 of this book provide the reader with a concise, organized review of the
basics of acid–base theory.
Chapter 5, which is the heart of this manual, introduces the reader to the step-by-step approach
to acid–base problems.
Chapter 6 follows with a rudimentary framework for differential diagnosis and a brief discus-
sion of the most important acid–base disorders. Given its limited scope, this chapter should not be
used to generate complete differential diagnoses or to guide diagnostic paths or therapies. Perhaps
the most useful chapter is Chapter 7, in which the reader is led carefully through 12 cases that illus-
trate the step-by-step approach to simple and mixed acid–base disorders.
The reader can also find additional resources at the back of the book. There is a list of abbrevi-
ations to familiarize the reader with the common terms associated with acid–base pathophysiology.
There is also a substantial list of suggested readings, with brief comments about the strengths and
weaknesses of each book or article. This list can be used independently or in conjunction with the
text, as each entry is referenced within the text. These references alert the reader that there are addi-
tional resources provided for specific topics.
It is my hope that this book will ultimately benefit the patients for whom we as health profes-
sionals care. If it enables the reader to develop a practical and reasoned approach to the patient with
an acid–base disorder, I will have accomplished my goal.
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