High Temperature Mechanical Behaviour of Ceramic Composites PDF
Preview High Temperature Mechanical Behaviour of Ceramic Composites
High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic Composites This Page Intentionally Left Blank H ig h Tem peratu re Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic Compos~ites Edited by Shanti V. Nair and Karl Jakus Butterworth-Heinemann Boston Oxford Melbourne Singapore Toronto Munich New Delhi Tokyo Copyright (cid:14)9 1995 by Butterworth-Heinemann. ~, A member of the Reed Elsevier group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. @ Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth-Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data High temperature mechanical behavior of ceramic composites / edited by Shanti V. Nair and Karl Jakus. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7506-9399-1 (acid-free paper) 1. Ceramic-matrix compositesmMechanical properties. 2. Materials at high temperatures. I. Nair, Shantikumar Vasudevan, 1953 II. J akus, Karl. TA418.9.C6H546 1995 620.1 ' 4-----dc20 95-9951 CIP British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Butterworth-Heinemann 313 Washington Street Newton, MA 02158-1626 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America Contents Contributors vii Preface ix A PART Overview The Structural Performance of Ceramic Matrix Composites A. G. Evans, F. W. Zok, and T. J. Mackin B PART Short-Term Behavior Strength and Toughness of Ceramic Composites at Elevated Temperatures 87 J.-M. Yang and T. N. Tiegs Dynamic and Impact Fractures of Ceramic Composites at Elevated Temperature 121 A. S. Kobayashi PART C Long-Term Behavior Creep Deformation of Particulate-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites 155 S. M. Wiederhorn and E. R. Fuller, Jr. vi Contents Elevated Temperature Creep Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Ceramics 193 J. W. Holmes and Xin Wu 6 Fatigue Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites 261 J. W. Holmes and B. F. SCrensen High Temperature Crack Growth in Unreinforced and Whisker-Reinforced Ceramics under Cyclic Loads 327 S. Suresh PART D Environmental Effects Environmental Effects on High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic Matrix Composites 365 S. R. Nutt E PART Modeling Models for the Creep of Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials 409 R. M. McMeeking 10 Macro- and Micromechanics of Elevated Temperature Crack Growth in Ceramic Composites 437 S. V. Nair and J. L. Bassani 11 Reliability and Life Prediction of Ceramic Composite Structures at Elevated Temperatures 471 S. F. Duffy and J. P. Gyekenyesi F PART Elevated Temperature Mechanical Testing 12 Critical Issues in Elevated Temperature Testing of Ceramic Matrix Composites 519 D. C. Cranmer Index 551 Contributors J. L. Bassani J. W. Holmes Department of Mechanical Ceramic Composites Research Engineering and Applied Laboratory Mechanics Department of Mechanical University of Pennsylvania Engineering and Applied Philadelphia, PA Mechanics University of Michigan D. C. Cranmer Ann Arbor, MI Office of Science and Technology Policy K. Jakus Washington, DC Department of Mechanical Engineering S. F. Duffy University of Massachusetts Department of Civil Engineering Amherst, MA NASA Research Associate Cleveland State University A. S. Kobayashi Cleveland, OH Department of Mechanical Engineering A. G. Evans University of Washington Materials Department Seattle, WA College of Engineering University of California Santa Barbara, CA T. J. Mackin Materials Department E. R. Fuller, Jr. College of Engineering US Department of Commerce University of California The National Institute of Standards Santa Barbara, CA and Technology Gaithersburg, MD R. M. McMeeking Department of Mechanical and J. P. Gyekenyesi Environmental Engineering NASA Lewis Research Center University of California Cleveland, OH Santa Barbara, CA vieie viii Contributors S. V. Nair S. M. Wiederhorn Department of Mechanical US Department of Commerce Engineering The National Institute of Standards University of Massachusetts and Technology Amherst, MA Gaithersburg, MD S. R. Nutt Xin Wu Department of Materials Science Ceramic Composites Research University of Southern California Laboratory Los Angeles, CA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics B. F. S~rensen University of Michigan Materials Department Ann Arbor, MI Ris~ National Laboratory 4000 Roskilde, Denmark J.-M. Yang Department of Materials Science and S. Suresh Engineering Department of Engineering University of California Massachusetts Institute of Technology Los Angeles, CA Cambridge, MA F. W. Zok T. N. Tiegs Materials Department Metals and Ceramics Division College of Engineering Oak Ridge National Laboratory University of California Oak Ridge, TN Santa Barbara, CA Preface The rapidly growing field of ceramic matrix composites has matured considerably over the last decade with the introduction of particulate-, whisker- and fiber-reinforced composites. During this period, advances in the processing of ceramic matrix composites have gone hand in hand with the development of sophisticated micromechanics models for their structural performance. Although ceramic composites have been primarily targeted for elevated temperature applications, the focus to date has been mainly on achieving structural integrity at ambient temperatures. Emphasis on the mechanics and mechanisms governing the elevated temperature structural performance of ceramic composites is relatively recent and fundamental understanding is still in a state of evolution. This book provides an up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of the mechanical behavior of ceramic matrix composites at elevated temperature. The distinction between two important classes of behavior underlies the organization of this book. One is short-term behavior which includes such topics as strength, fracture toughness, R-curve behavior and dynamic fracture at elevated temperatures. Second is long-term behavior associated with creep and creep-fatigue processes. Topics related to long-term behavior include creep deformation, creep and creep-fatigue crack growth, delayed failure and composite lifetime. In addition to chapters on elevated temperature behavior, we have included chapters devoted to analytical modeling. These include modeling of creep deformation, micromechanics of elevated temperature crack bridging and crack growth, and reliability of ceramic composites at elevated temperature. The chapters on modeling will help delineate the differences between ambient and elevated temperature models of mechanical behavior. For example, crack bridging at elevated temperatures is thermally activated and time dependent, whereas bridging at ambient temperatures is time independent. Consequently, microstructural design based on ambient tempera- ture models may not be suitable for elevated temperature applications. Finally, we have devoted a chapter exclusively to novel approaches and critical issues in the elevated temperature testing of ceramic composites. ix
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