High Performance Visualization: Enabling Extreme-Scale Scientific Insight PDF
Preview High Performance Visualization: Enabling Extreme-Scale Scientific Insight
CChhaappmmaann & & H Haallll//CCRRCC CCoommppuuttaattioionnaall S Sccieiennccee S Seerrieiess High Performance Visualization Enabling Extreme-Scale Scientific Insight Edited by E. Wes Bethel Hank Childs Charles Hansen High Performance Visualization Enabling Extreme-Scale Scientific Insight Chapman & Hall/CRC Computational Science Series SERIES EDITOR Horst Simon Deputy Director Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California, U.S.A. AIMS AND SCOPE This series aims to capture new developments and applications in the field of computational science through the publication of a broad range of textbooks, reference works, and handbooks. Books in this series will provide introduc- tory as well as advanced material on mathematical, statistical, and computational methods and techniques, and will present researchers with the latest theories and experimentation. The scope of the series includes, but is not limited to, titles in the areas of scientific computing, parallel and distributed computing, high performance computing, grid computing, cluster computing, heterogeneous computing, quantum computing, and their applications in scientific disciplines such as astrophysics, aeronautics, biology, chemistry, climate modeling, combustion, cosmology, earth- quake prediction, imaging, materials, neuroscience, oil exploration, and weather forecasting. PUBLISHED TITLES PETASCALE COMPUTING: ALGORITHMS AND PERFORMANCE TUNING OF SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS Edited by David Bailey, Robert Lucas, and Edited by David A. Bader Samuel Williams PROCESS ALGEBRA FOR PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING: PROGRAMMING PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS Edited by Michael Alexander and William Gardner John Levesque with Gene Wagenbreth GRID COMPUTING: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS PEER-TO-PEER COMPUTING: APPLICATIONS, Barry Wilkinson ARCHITECTURE, PROTOCOLS, AND CHALLENGES Yu-Kwong Ricky Kwok INTRODUCTION TO CONCURRENCY IN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FUNDAMENTALS OF MULTICORE SOFTWARE Matthew J. Sottile, Timothy G. Mattson, and DEVELOPMENT Craig E Rasmussen Edited by Victor Pankratius, Ali-Reza Adl-Tabatabai, and Walter Tichy INTRODUCTION TO SCHEDULING Yves Robert and Frédéric Vivien INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTARY COMPUTATIONAL MODELING: ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES, AND SCIENTIFIC DATA MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES, PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNOLOGY, AND DEPLOYMENT José M. Garrido Edited by Arie Shoshani and Doron Rotem COMBINATORIAL SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING INTRODUCTION TO THE SIMULATION OF DYNAMICS Edited by Uwe Naumann and Olaf Schenk USING SIMULINK® Michael A. Gray HIGH PERFORMANCE VISUALIZATION: INTRODUCTION TO HIGH PERFORMANCE ENABLING EXTREME-SCALE SCIENTIFIC INSIGHT COMPUTING FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS Edited by E. Wes Bethel, Hank Childs, Georg Hager and Gerhard Wellein and Charles Hansen High Performance Visualization Enabling Extreme-Scale Scientific Insight Edited by E. Wes Bethel Hank Childs Charles Hansen CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 2012924 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-7573-5 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor- age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy- right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro- vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a pho- tocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Foreword Wes Bethel, Hank Childs, and Chuck Hansen have developed an eminently readable and comprehensive book. It provides the very first in-depth intro- ductiontotheinteractionoftwohighlyimportantandrelevanttopicsincom- putational science: high performance computing and scientific visualization. Thebookprovidesabroadbackgroundonbothtopics,butmoreimportantly, forthefirsttimeinbookform,theydescribesomeofthemostrecentdevelop- mentsinscientificvisualizationaswemovefromthePetascaleeratoExaflops computing. It has been exactly a quarter century since the 1987 publication of the ground breaking report by McCormick, DeFanti, and Brown that defined the field of scientific visualization. That report set in motion the development of afieldthathas,bynow,becomeanintegralpartofcomputationalscience.As a community, we have come to accept the notion that scientific visualization is the tool to “see the unseen” in the vast amount of data being produced by numerical simulations. From understanding the behavior of subatomic par- ticles in QCD to watching the explosion of supernovae or the evolution of galaxies, we can now “see” these phenomena, as if they are truly happen- ing in front of our eyes. The scientific visualization community has worked diligentlyonrefiningalgorithms,exploringnewdisplaytechnologies,thinking aboutthechallengeofdistributedvisualization,anddevelopinglargesoftware frameworks, and by now has become a fairly mature scientific activity. In the same time frame, high performance computing has seen even more dramaticdevelopments.In1987wewerestillthinkingofCrayvectorcomput- ers and frame buffers when it came to HPC and visualization. In the 1990s computingtechnology made adramatic transition to MPPs usingcommodity hardware and the MPI programming model, while increasing performance by afactorofonemillionfromtheGigaflopstothePetaflopslevelin2012.Today, were are close to yet another transformation of the HPC field as GPUs and accelerators become integrated, while the amount of parallelism seems to be ever increasing. In the context of this potential rapid transformation of the high perfor- mancecomputingfield,thebookbyBethel,ChildsandHansenarrivesexactly at the right time. It succeeds perfectly and solidly combines the two almost parallel threads of development in scientific visualization and high perfor- mance computing all into one single volume for the first time. It will provide a solid foundation for anyone who considers using the most recent tools for v vi High Performance Visualization visualization in order to understand complex simulation data or to under- stand the ever increasing amount of experimental data. I highly recommend thistimelybookforscientistsandengineers.Itclosesanimportantgapinthe available literature on computational science and it is a great addition to the CRC Press series on Computational Science. It provides a solid reference as the community embarks on the Exascale adventure. Horst Simon LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley May 2012 Preface Thefieldofscientificvisualizationischangingasrapidlyasthecomputational landscape. Tools, techniques, and algorithms that were born in the 1970s and 1980s—theeraoftheserialprocessor—haveundergonearapidevolutionover the past two decades to make effective use of emerging multi- and many-core computational platforms and to accommodate an explosive growth in data size and complexity. Thisbook—High Performance Visualization—focusesonthesubsetofthe broader field of scientific visualization concerned with algorithm design, im- plementation,andoptimizationforuseontoday’slargestcomputationalplat- forms. The editors—Bethel, Childs, and Hansen—along with chapter con- tributors, are leaders in the field of high performance visualization, having produced some of the field’s seminal works, including algorithms and imple- mentations that run at the highest levels of concurrency ever published and thatareinthehandsoftoday’sscientificresearchersworldwideforday-to-day use. This book is motivated by, and is the outgrowth of and expansion upon, Bethel’sPhDdissertationalsoentitledHighPerformanceVisualization.Many oftheideaspresentedinthisbookare,infact,fromthecontributingauthors’ PhDdissertations.Interestingly,alloftheideaspresentedherehavealsobeen reduced to practice in the form of production-quality visualization software applicationsthatrunontoday’slargestcomputationalplatforms andoperate on today’s largest scientific data sets. Collectively,thechaptersinthisbookaimtoorganizeandarticulatealarge and diverse body of computer science research, development, and practical application. The chapter themes reflect major conceptual thrust areas within the field of high performance visualization. E. Wes Bethel, Hank Childs, and Charles Hansen May 2012 vii Contributor List Sean Ahern Eric Brugger Oak Ridge National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Oak Ridge, TN, USA Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA Jim Ahrens Los Alamos National Laboratory David Camp Los Alamos, NM, USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Marco Ament Berkeley, CA, USA Universita¨t Stuttgart Stuttgart, Germany Hank Childs Lawrence Berkeley National Utkarsh Ayachit Laboratory Kitware, Inc. Berkeley, CA, USA Clifton Park, NY, USA Cameron Christensen E. Wes Bethel University of Utah Lawrence Berkeley National Salt Lake City, UT, USA Laboratory Berkeley, CA, USA John Clyne National Center for Atmospheric Kathleen Biagas Research Lawrence Livermore National Boulder, CO, USA Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA David E. DeMarle Kitware, Inc. Peer-Timo Bremer Clifton Park, NY, USA University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA Marc Durant Tech-X Corporation Carson Brownlee Boulder, CO, USA University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA Thomas Ertl Universita¨t Stuttgart Stuttgart, Germany ix
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