CarTech® CarTech®, Inc. 838 Lake Street South Forest Lake, MN 55025 Phone: 651-277-1200 or 800-551-4754 Fax: 651-277-1203 www.cartechbooks.com © 2019 by John F. Kershaw All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission from the Publisher. All text, photographs, and artwork are the property of the Author unless otherwise noted or credited. The information in this work is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. However, all information is presented without any guarantee on the part of the Author or Publisher, who also disclaim any liability incurred in connection with the use of the information and any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Readers are responsible for taking suitable and appropriate safety measures when performing any of the operations or activities described in this work. All trademarks, trade names, model names and numbers, and other product designations referred to herein are the property of their respective owners and are used solely for identification purposes. This work is a publication of CarTech, Inc., and has not been licensed, approved, sponsored, or endorsed by any other person or entity. The Publisher is not associated with any product, service, or vendor mentioned in this book, and does not endorse the products or services of any vendor mentioned in this book. Edit by Bob Wilson Layout by Connie DeFlorin ISBN 978-1-61325-504-9 Item No. SA462 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kershaw, John F., author. Title: High-performance automotive cooling systems / John F. Kershaw. Description: Forest Lake, MN : CarTech, Inc., [2019] Identifiers: LCCN 2018057158 | ISBN 9781613255049 Subjects: LCSH: Automobiles--Motors--Cooling systems. | Motor vehicles--Motors--Cooling systems. Classification: LCC TL214.R3 K47 2019 | DDC 629.25/6--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018057158 Written, edited, and designed in the U.S.A. Printed in China 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CarTech books may be purchased at a discounted rate in bulk for resale, events, corporate gifts, or educational purposes. Special editions may also be created to specification. For details, contact Special Sales at 838 Lake Street S., Forest Lake MN 55025 or by email at [email protected]. DISTRIBUTION BY: Europe PGUK 63 Hatton Garden London EC1N 8LE, England Phone: 020 7061 1980 • Fax: 020 7242 3725 www.pguk.co.uk Australia Renniks Publications Ltd. 3/37-39 Green Street Banksmeadow, NSW 2109, Australia Phone: 2 9695 7055 • Fax: 2 9695 7355 www.renniks.com Canada Login Canada 300 Saulteaux Crescent Winnipeg, MB, R3J 3T2 Canada Phone: 800 665 1148 • Fax: 800 665 0103 www.lb.ca CONTENTS Acknowledgments Preface Chapter 1: Engine Cooling System Basic Operation Thermodynamics Thermodynamic Laws Thermal Expansion Pressure Heat Transfer Cooling System Operation Cooling System Components Chapter 2: Coolant Selection Coolant Is Antifreeze and Water Antifreeze Types Antifreeze Components Waterless Glycerol-Based Coolant BeCool Coolant Coolant Service Chapter 3: Radiators Radiator Design Radiator Materials Radiators Types Pressurized Cooling System Closed Cooling System Aftermarket Overflow Tank OEM Radiator Design and Testing Radiator Selection Radiator Inefficiency Chapter 4: Coolant Flow Centrifugal Water Pump Components Centrifugal Water Pump Operation Hydraulics Water Pump Design Issues Water Pump Construction High-Performance Water Pumps Electric Water Pumps Thermostats Thermostat Selection Coolant Hoses Chapter 5: Radiator Airflow Airflow Airflow to Remove Heat Radiator Shrouds Chapter 6: Cooling Fans General Cooling Fan Information Modified Stock and Race Car Cooling Fan Issues Viscous Clutch Electric Fans Electric Cooling Fan Control Cooling Fan Selection Chapter 7: Basic System Diagnosis Information Gathering Inspections Diagnostic System Checks Intermittent Electrical Conditions Isolate Root Cause, Repair, and Verify Fix Engine Overheating Diagnostics Pressure Testing a Cooling System Thermostat Diagnosis Thermostat Service Checking Coolant Protection Hose Service Water Pump Service Drive Belt Tension and Replacement Radiator Replacement Head Gasket Replacement Heater Core Replacement Cooling System Design and Service Issues Chapter 8: Installation Coolant System Flow Review Wiring Harness Water Pump Selection Water Pump Installation Thermostat, Inlet, and Outlet Selection Coolant Hoses Radiator Selection Electric Cooling Fans Expansion and Overflow Tanks Coolant