High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics II: Transport and Optics, Proceedings of the International Conference, Würzburg, Fed. Rep. of Germany, August 22–26, 1988 PDF
Preview High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics II: Transport and Optics, Proceedings of the International Conference, Würzburg, Fed. Rep. of Germany, August 22–26, 1988
Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences· 87 Edited by Klaus von Klitzing Splinger Series in Solid-State Sciences Editors: M. Cardona P. Fulde K. von Klitzing H.-J. Queisser Managing Editor: H. K. V. Lotsch Volumes 1-49 are listed on the back inside cover 50 Multiple Diffraction of X.Rays in Crystals 68 Pbonon Scattering in Condensed Matter V By Shih-Lin Chang Editors: A.C. Anderson and J.P. Wolfe 51 Pbonon Scattering in Condensed Matter 69 Noalinearity in Condensed Matter Editors: W. Eisenmenger, K. LaBmann, Editors: A.R. Bishop, D.K. Campbell, and S. Dottinger P. Kumar, and S. E. Trullinger 52 Superconductivity in Magnetic and Exotic 70 From Hamlltonians to Phase Diagrams Materials The Electronic and Statistical-Mechanical Editors: T. Matsubara and A. Kotani Theory of sp-Bonded Metals and Alloys 53 Two·Dimensionai Systems, Heterostructures, By J. Hafner and Superlattices 71 Higb Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Pbysics Editors: G. Bauer, F. Kuchar, and H. Heinrich Editor: G. Landwehr 54 Magnetic Excitations and Fluctuations 72 One·Dimensionai Conductors Editors: S. Lovesey, V. Balucani, F. Borsa, By S. Kagoshima, H. Nagasawa, and V. Tognetti and T. Sambongi 55 Tbe Theory of Magnetism n 73 Quantum Solid·State Pbysics Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics Editors: S. V. Vonsovsky and M.1. Katsnelson By D.C. Mattis 74 Quantum Monte Carlo Metbods in Eqnilibrium 56 Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron and Nonequilibrium Systems Magnetism By T. Moriya Editor: M. Suzuki 57 Polycrystalline Semiconductors, Physical Properties and Applications 75 Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Editor: G. Harbeke Semiconductors By M. L. Cohen and J. R. Chelikowsky 58 The Recursion Metbod and Its Applications Editors: D. Pettifor and D. Weaire 76 Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers Editors: H. Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and S. Roth 59 Dynamical Processes and Ordering on Solid Surfaces 77 Fermi Surface Effects Editors: A. Yoshimori and M. Tsukada Editors: J. Kondo and A. Yoshimori 60 Excitonic Processes in Solids 78 Gronp Theory and Its Applications in Pbysics By M. Veta, H. Kanzaki, K. Kobayashi, By T. Inui, Y. Tanabe, and Y. Onodera Y. Toyozawa, and E. Hanamura 79 Elementary Excitations in Quantum Fluids 61 Localization, Interaction, and Editors: K. Ohbayashi and M. Watabe Transport Pbenomena 80 Monte Carlo Simnlation in Statistical Pbysics Editors: B. Kramer, G. Bergmann, An Introduction and Y. Bruynseraede By K. Binder and D. W. Heermann 62 Theory of Heavy Fermions 81 Core·Level Spectroscopy in Condensed Systems and Valence Fluctuations Editors: J. Kanamori and A. Kotani Editors: T. Kasuya and T. Saso 82 Introduction to Pbotoemission Spectroscopy 63 Electronic Properties of By S. Hiifner Polymers and Related Compounds Editors: H. Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and S. Roth 83 Pbysics and Tecbnology of Submicron Structures Editors: H. Heinrich, G. Bauer, and F. Kuchar 64 Symmetries in Pbysics Group Theory Applied to Physical Problems 84 Beyond tbe Crystalline State By W. Ludwig and C. Falter An Emerging Perspective By G. Venkataraman. D. Sahoo, and 65 Pbonons: Theory and Experiments II Experiments and Interpretation of V. Balakrishnan Experimental Results By P. Briiesch 85 The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect 66 Pbonons: Theory and Experiments III Properties of an Incompressible Quantum Fluid Phenomena Related to Phonons By T. Chakraborty and P. Pietilainen By P. Briiesch 86 The Quantum Statistics of Dynamic Processes 67 Two·Dimensional Systems: Pbysics By E. Fick and G. Sauermann and New Devices 87 High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Pbysics n Editors: G. Bauer, F. Kuchar, and H. Heinrich Transport and Optics Editor: G. Landwehr High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics II Transport and Optics Proceedings of the International Conference, Wiirzburg, Fed. Rep. of Germany, August 22-26, 1988 Editor: G. Landwehr With 441 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Professor Dr. Gottfried Landwehr Physikalisches Institut, Universitiit Wiirzburg, Am Hubland D-S700 Wiirzburg, Fed. Rep. of Germany Series Editors: Professor Dr., Dres. h. c. Manuel Cardona Professor Dr., Dr. h. c. Peter Fulde Professor Dr., Dr. h. c. Klaus von Klitzing Professor Dr. Hans-Joachim Queisser Max-Planck-Institut fiir Festkorperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-7000 Stuttgart SO, Fed. Rep. of Germany Managing Editor: Dr. Helmut K. V. Lotsch Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 D-6900 Heidelberg, Fed. Rep. of Germany ISBN-13:978-3-642-83812-5 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-8381O-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-83810-1 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2154/3150-543210- Printed on acid-free paper Preface This volume contains contributions presented at the International Conference "The Application of High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics", which was held at the University of Wiirzburg from August 22 to 26, 1988. In the tradition of previous Wiirzburg meetings on the subject - the first conference was held in 1972 - only invited papers were presented orally. All 42 lecturers were asked to review their subject to some extent so that this book gives a good overview of the present state of the respective topic. A look at the contents shows that the subjects which have been treated at previous conferences have not lost their relevance. On the contrary, the application of high magnetic fields to semiconductors has grown substantially during the recent past. For the elucidation of the electronic band structure of semicon- ductors high magnetic fields are still an indispensable tool. The investigation of two-dimensional electronic systems especially is frequently connected with the use of high magnetic fields. The reason for this is that a high B-field adds angular momentum quantization to the boundary quantization present in het- erostructures and superlattices. A glance at the contributions shows that the majority deal with 2D properties. Special emphasis was on the integral and fractional quantum Hall effect. Very recent results related to the observation of a fraction with an even denbminator were presented. It became obvious that the polarization of the different fractional Landau levels is more complicated than originally anticipated. The volume contains 56 contributions which were presented as posters. Altogether, 79 posters were shown; unfortunately it was not possible to include all of them in the book. Because the deadlines were rather close to the date of the conference, many contributions contain very new results. I am convinced that the present book is not only of interest to scientists who are active in the field, it should also provide a good introduction to a rapidly developing area of research for newcomers. The organizing committee consisted of G. Landwehr (Chairman), J. Hajdu, K. von Klitzing and W. Ossau. The financial support of the conference by the following sponsors is grate- fully acknowledged: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Bayerisches Staatsministerium fiir Wissenschaft und Kunst Regionalverband Bayem der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft v Industrial sponsors: Siemens AG, Mtinchen; IBM Stuttgart; Bruker An- alytische MeBtechnische MeBtechnik, Karlsruhe; Oxford Instruments, Wies- baden; Cryophysics/Odelga Physics, Niirtingen. Wiirzburg, November 1988 G. Landwehr VI Contents Part I Integral Quantum Hall Effect, Electronic States in High Magnetic Fields Universality and Scaling of Electronic Transport in the Integral Quantum Hall Effect By H.P. Wei, D.C. Tsui, M.A. Paalanen, and A.M.M. Pruisken (With 4 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Scaling and the Integer Quantum Hall Effect By A. MacKinnon (With 1 Figure) ........................ 10 Density of States and Coulomb Interactions in the Integer Quantum Hall Effect By V. Gudmundsson and RR Gerhardts (With 6 Figures) ........ 14 Electronic States in Two-Dimensional Random Systems in the Presence of a Strong Magnetic Field By B. Kramer, Y. Ono, and T. Ohtsuki ..................... 24 Conductance Fluctuations on the Quantum Hall Plateaus in GaAsIA IGaAs By R.G. Mani and J.R. Anderson (With 3 Figures) ............. 36 Quantum Hall Effect and Related Magneto-transport in Silicon (001) MOSFETs Under Uniaxial Stress By J. Lutz, F. Kuchar, and G. Dorda (With 4 Figures) ........... 41 Effect of Additional Irradiation Induced Scattering Centres on the Quantum Hall Plateau Widths in GaAs-AlxGal_xAs Heterostructures By W. M6hle, H. Adrian, L. Bliek, G. Weimann, and W. Schlapp (With 3 Figures) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 On the Effect of the Coulomb Interaction in the Quantum Hall Regime By H. Nielsen ...................................... 50 Structures in the Breakdown Curves of the Quantum Hall Effect in Narrow Channel GaAs/AIGaAs Heterostructures By A. Sacbrajda, M. D'Iorio, D. Landheer, P. Coleridge, and T. Moore (With 3 Figures) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 VII Quantum Hall Effect in Wide Parabolic GaAs/AlxGal_xAs Wells By E.G. Gwinn, P.F. Hopkins, A.J. Rimberg, R.M. Westervelt, M. Sundaram, and A.C. Gossard (With 3 Figures) .............. 58 Correlation Between Magnetotransport and Photoluminescence in the Quantum Hall Effect Regime By R. Stepniewski, W. Knap, A. Raymond, G. Martinez, T. Rotger, J.C. Maan, and J.P. Andre (With 2 Figures) .................. 62 The Influence of Contacts on the Quantized Hall Effect By R. Woltjer, M.J.M. de Blank, J.J. Harris, C.T. Foxon, and J.P. Andre (With 6 Figures) .......................... 66 On the Consistency of Approximations to the Landau-Level Broadening by Random Potentials with Large Correlation Length By K. Broderix, N. Heldt, H. Leschke (With 2 Figures) .......... 76 Collective Excitations of Two-Dimensional Electron Solids and Correlated Quantum Liquids in High Magnetic Fields By G. Meissner and U. Brockstieger (With 1 Figure) ............ 80 Many-Valley 2D Electron Systems in Strong Magnetic Fields By Yu. Bychkov and S. Iordansky (With 1 Figure) ............. 85 Interaction of Surface Acoustic Waves with Inversion Electrons on GaAs in Quantizing Magnetic Fields By A. Wixforth and J.P. Kotthaus (With 9 Figures) ............. 94 Part IT Fractional Quantum Hall Effect The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect at Even Denominators By J.P. Eisenstein (With 6 Figures) ........................ 106 The Influence of Coulomb Interactions on a 2DEG in High Magnetic Fields By R.J. Nicholas, D.J. Barnes, R.G. Clark, S.R. Haynes, J.R. Mallett, A.M. Suckling, A. Usher, J.J. Harris, C.T. Foxon, and R. Willett (With 11 Figures) .................................... 115 Experimental Determination of Fractional Charge e/q in the FQHE and Its Application to the Destruction of States By R.G. Clark, J.R. Mallett, S.R. Haynes, P.A. Maksym, U. Harris, and C.T. Foxon (With 6 Figures) ......................... 127 Experimental (Jxx vs. (Jxy Scaling Diagram of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect By J.R. Mallett, R.G. Clark, J.J. Harris, and C.T. Foxon (With 8 Figures) ............ ,........................ 132 VIII The Spin Configuration of Fractional QHE Ground States in the N=O Landau Level By P.A. Maksym, R.G. Clark, S.R. Haynes, J.R. Mallett, J.J. Harris, and C.T. Foxon (With 4 Figures) ......................... 138 The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect with an Added Parallel Magnetic Field By J.E. Furneaux, D.A. Syphers, and AG. Swanson (With 1 Figure) 143 Plateau Formation by Force from Pinning Centres in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect By H. Bmus, O.P. Hansen, and E.B. Hansen (With 2 Figures) 146 Different Behaviour of Integral and Fractional Quantum Hall Plateaus in GaAs-AlxGal_xAs Heterostructures Under Back-Gating and Illumination By P.M. Koenraad, F.AP. Bloom, J.P. Cuypers, C.T. Foxon, J.A.AJ. Perenboom, S.J.R.M. Spermon, and J.H. Wolter (With 2 Figures) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 150 Temperature Dependence of Transport Coefficients of 2D Electron Systems at Very Small Filling Factors By R.L. Willett, H.L. Stormer, D.C. Tsui, L.N. Pfeiffer, and K.W. West (With 3 Figures) .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153 Electron Solid Formation at a Modulation Doped Heterojunction in a High Magnetic Field By F.I.B. Williams, D.C. Glattli, G. Deville, B. Etienne, E. Paris, and E.Y. Andrei (With 3 Figures) ......................... 157 Part ill Heterostructures and Superlattices: Transport and Electronic Structure Magnetic Oscillation of Many-Body Effects in Two-Dimensional Systems By T. Ando (With 7 Figures) ............................ 164 n-i-p-i Doping Superlattices Under High Magnetic Fields By G.H. Dohler ..................................... 174 Hot Electron Magnetotransport in AlxGal_xAs-GaAs Samples of Different Geometry By R.J. Haug, K. von Klitzing, and K. Ploog (With 3 Figures) ..... 185 p-Type GaAs-(GaAI)As Heterostructures in Tilted Magnetic Fields: Theory and Experiments By W. Heuring, E. Bangert, G. Landwehr, G. Weimann, and W. Schlapp (With 4 Figures) ......................... 190 IX Tilted Field Magnetotransport Experiments on Germanium Bicrystals By M. Kraus, H. Mrotzek, N. Steinmetz, E. Bangert, G. Landwehr, and G. Remenyi (With 5 Figures) ......................... 194 Parallel and Perpendicular Field Magnetotransport Studies of MBE Grown GaAs Doping Superlattices and Slab Doped InSb Formed by Selective Doping with Silicon By R. Droopad, S.D. Parker, E. Skuras, R.A. Stradling, R.L. Williams, R.B. Beall, and J.J. Harris (With 8 Figures) .................. 199 Magnetotransport on HgTe/CdTe Superlattices Grown by LAMBE By L. Ghenim, R. Mani, J.R. Anderson, and J.T. Cheung (With 3 Figures) .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 207 Quantized Particle Motion in High Magnetic Fields By J. Riess (With 2 Figures) ............................ 211 Connection Between Low and High Temperature Magneto-transport Measurements in GaAs/GaAlAs Heterojunctions By T. Rotger, G.J.C.L. Bruls, J.C. Maan, P. Wyder, K. Ploog, and G. Weimann (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 215 Hybrid Magneto-electric Quantisation in Quasi-2D Systems By W. Zawadzki (With 10 Figures) .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 220 PartN Heterostructures and Superlattices: Optics Classification of Magneto-excitons in Quantum Wells By L.J. Sham • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • .. 232 Mixing of Magnetoexcitons in Quantum Wells By G.E.W. Bauer (With 4 Figures) ........................ 240 High Magnetic Fields as a Tool to Study the Optical Properties of Quantum Wells and Superlattices By J.C. Maan, M. Potemski, and Y.Y. Wang (With 8 Figures) 248 Far Infrared Magneto-optical Studies of Shallow Impurities in GaAs/A IGaAs Multiple-Quantum-Well Structures By B.D. McCombe, A.A. Reeder, J.-M. Mercy, and G. Brozak (With 5 Figures) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 258 The H-Band Luminescence of p-Type GaAs-(GaAl)As Heterostructures in High Magnetic Fields By W. Ossau, T.L. Kuhn, E. Bangert, and G. Weimann (With 6 Figures) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 268 x
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