High-Level VLSI Synthesis PDF
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HIGH-LEVEL VLSI SYNTHESIS THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE VLSI, COMPUTER ARClllTECfURE AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Consulting Editor Jonathan Allen Latest Titles Non linear Digital Filters: Principles and Applications, I. Pitas, AN. Venetsanopoulos, ISBN: 0-7923-9049-0 Algorithmic and Register.Transfer Level Synthesis: The System An:hitect's Workbench, D.E. Thomas, E.D. Lagnese, R.A Walker, J.A. Nestor, J.V. Ragan, R.LBlackbum, ISBN: 0-7923-9053-9 VLSI Design for Manufacturing: Yield Enhancement, S.W. . Director, W. Maly, AJ. Strojwas, ISBN: 0-7923-9053-7 Testing and Reliable Design of CMOS Circuits, N.K. Jha, S. Kundu, ISBN: 0-7923-9056-3 Hierarchical Modeling for VLSI Circuit Testing, D. Bhattacharya, J.P. Hayes, ISBN: 0-7923-9058-X Steady.State Methods for Simulating Analog and Microwave Circuits, K. Kundert, A Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, J. White, ISBN: 0-7923-9069-5 Introduction to Analog VLSI Design Automation, M. Ismail, J. Franca, ISBN: 0-7923-9102-0 Gallium A rse ntide Digital Circuits, O. Wing, ISBN: 0-7923-9081-4 Principles ofVLSI System Planning, AM. Dewey ISBN: 0-7923-9102-0 Mixed·Mode Simulation, R. Saleh, AR. Newton, ISBN: 0-7923-9107-1 Automatic Programming Applied to VLSI CAD Software: A Case Study, D. Setliff, R.A. Rutenbar, ISBN: 0-7923-9112-8 Modelsfor Large Integrated Circuits, P. Dewilde, Z.Q. Ning ISBN: 0-7923-9115-2 Hardware Design and Simulation in VAL/VHDL, LM. Augustin, D.C .. Luckham, B.AGennart, Y.Huh, AG.Stanculescu ISBN: 0-7923-9087-3 Subband Image Coding, J. Woods, editor, ISBN: 0-7923-9093-8 Low·Noise Wide·Band Amplifiers in Bipolar and CMOS Technologies,Z. Y .Chang, W.M.C.Sansen, ISBN: 0-7923-9096-2 Iterative Identification and Restoration ofI mages, R. L.Lagendijk, J. Biemond ISBN: 0-7923-9097-0 VLSI Design ofN eural Networks, U. Ramacher, U. Ruckert ISBN: 0-7923-9127-6 Synchronization Design for Digital Systems, T. H. Meng ISBN: 0-7923-9128-4 Hardware Annealing in Analog VLSI Neurocomputing, B. W. Lee, B. J. Sheu ISBN: 0-7923-9132-2 Neural Networks and Speech Processing, D. P. Morgan, C.L. Scofield ISBN: 0-7923-9144-6 Silicon-on-Insulator Technology: Materials to VLSI, J.P. Colinge ISBN: 0-7923-9150-0 Microwave Semiconductor Devices, S. Yngvesson ISBN: 0-7923-9156-X A Survey ofH igh.L evel Synthesis Systems, R.A Walker, R. Camposano ISBN: 0-7923-9158-6 Symbolic Analysis for Automated Design ofA nalog Integrated Circuits, G. Gielen, W. Sansen, ISBN: 0-7923-9161-6 HIGH-LEVEL VLSI SYNTHESIS edited by Raul Camposano IBM and Wayne Wolf Princeton University ~. " Springer-Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PubUcation Data High-level VLSI synthesis I edited by Raul Camposano and Wayne Wolf. p. cm. - (The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science. VLSI, computer architecture, and digital signal processing) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-6771-0 ISBN 978-1-4615-3966-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-3966-7 1. Integrated circuits-Very large scale integration-Design and construction-Data processing. 2. Computer-aided design. I. Camposano, Rau!. 11. Wolf, Wayne Hendrix. III. Series. TK7874.HS243 1991 621.39'S-dc20 91-12890 CIP Copyright © 1991 by Springer Science+B usiness Media New Y ork Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmi tted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer-Science+ Business Media, LLC. Printed on acid-free paper. Contents Contributors vii Preface ix Raul Camposano, Wayne Wolf 1. Essential Issues and Possible Solutions in High-Level Synthesis 1 Daniel D. Gajski 2. Architectural Synthesis for Medium and High Throughput 27 Signal Processing with the new CATHEDRAL environment Dirk Lanneer, Stefaan Note, Francis Depuydt, Marc Pauwels, Francky Cat/hoor, Gert Goossens, Hugo De Man 3. PYSIN - High-Level Synthesis of Application Specific 55 Pipelioed Hardware Albert E. Casavant, Ki Soo Hwang, Kristen N. McNall 4. The IBM High-Level Synthesis System 79 R. Camposano, R.A. Bergamaschi, C.E. Haynes, M. Payer, S.M. Wu 5. MICON: Automated Design of Computer Systems 105 William P. Birmingham, Anurag P. Gupta, Daniel P. Siewiorek 6. Cyber: High Level Synthesis System from Software into ASIC 127 Kazutoshi Wakabayashi 7. Specification and Synthesis of Interface Logic 153 Gaetano Borriello 8. Synthesis of ASICs with Hercules and Hebe 177 David C. Ku, Giovanni De Micheli 9. Synthesis from Pure Behavioral Descriptions 205 Yukihiro Nakamura, Kiyoshi Oguri, Akira Nagoya 10. Architectural Optimization Methods for 231 Control-Dominated Machines Wayne Wolf, Andres Takach, Tien-Chien Lee v vi 11. Global Scheduling and Allocation Algorithms 255 in the HAL System Pierre G. Paulin 12. High-Level Synthesis in the THEDA System 283 Yu-Chin Hsu, Youn-Long Lin 13. Industrial Uses of the System Architect's Workbench 307 D.E. Thomas, T.E. Fuhrman 14. Unified System Construction (USC) 331 Alice C. Parker, Kayhan Kucukcakar, Shiv Prakash, Jen-Pin Weng 15. Scheduling and Assignment in High Level Synthesis 355 Wolfgang Rosenstiel, Heinrich Kramer Index 383 Contributors Reinaldo A. Bergamaschi William P. Birmingham IBM T.J. Watson Research Center University of Michigan Yorktown Heights, NY Ann Arbor, MI Gaetano BorrieUo Raul Camposano University of Washington IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Seattle, WA Yorktown Heights, NY Albert E. Casavant Francky Catthoor NEC Research Institute Inc. IMEC Princeton, NJ Leuven, Belgium Hugo DeMan Giovanni De Micheli IMEC Stanford University Leuven, Belgium Stanford, CA Francis Depuydt Thomas E. Fuhrman IMEC General Motors Research Laboratories Leuven, Belgium Warren, MI Daniel D. Gajski Gert Goossens University of California IMEC Irvine, CA Leuven, Belgium Anurag P. Gupta Charles E. Haynes Carnegie Mellon University IBMABS Pittsburgh, P A Rochester, MN Yu-Chin Hso Ki SooHwang Tsing Hua University Hyundai Electronics Company Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Korea Heinrich Kramer David C. Ku Forschungszentrum Informatik Stanford University Karlsruhe, Germany Stanford, CA Kayhan Kucukcakar Dirk Lanneer University of Southern California IMEC Los Angeles, CA Leuven, Belgium Tien-Chien Lee Youn-Long Lin Princeton University Tsing Hua University Princeton, NJ Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, R.O.C. vii viii Kristen N. McNall Akira Nagoya Synopsys Inc. NTT Mountain View, CA Kanagawa, Japan Yukihiro Nakamura Stefaan Note NTT IMEC Kanagawa, Japan Leuven, Belgium Kiyoshi Oguri Alice C. Parker NTT University of Southern California Kanagawa,J apan Los Angeles, CA Pierre G. Paulin Marc Pauwels BNR IMEC Ottawa, Canada Leuven, Belgium Michael Payer Shiv Prakash IBM T.J. Watson Research Center University of Southern California Yorktown Heights, NY Los Angeles, CA Wolfgang Rosenstiel Daniel P. Siewiorek Forschungszentrum Informatik Carnegie Mellon University Karlsruhe, Germany Pittsburgh, PA Andres Takach Donald E. Thomas Princeton University Carnegie Mellon University Princeton, NJ Pittsburgh, PA Kazutoshi Wakabayashi Jen-Pin Weng NEC Corporation University of Southern California Kawasaki, Japan Los Angeles, CA Wayne Wolf Sau-MouWu Princeton University IBMEDSDAI Princeton, NJ Poughkeepsie, NY Preface The time has come for high-level synthesis. When research into synthesizing hardware from abstract, program-like de scriptions started in the early 1970' s, there was no automated path from the register transfer design produced by high-level synthesis to a complete hardware imple mentation. As a result, it was very difficult to measure the effectiveness of high level synthesis methods; it was also hard to justify to users the need to automate architecture design when low-level design had to be completed manually. Today's more mature CAD techniques help close the gap between an automat ically synthesized design and a manufacturable design. Market pressures encour age designers to make use of any and all automated tools. Layout synthesis, logic synthesis, and specialized datapath generators make it feasible to quickly imple ment a register-transfer design in silicon,leaving designers more time to consider architectural improvements. As IC design becomes more automated, customers are increasing their demands; today's leading edge designers using logic synthesis systems are training themselves to be tomorrow's consumers of high-level synthe sis systems. The need for very fast turnaround, a competitive fabrication market WhlCh makes small-quantity ASIC manufacturing possible, and the ever growing co:n plexity of the systems being designed, all make higher-level design automaton inevitable. This book gives a snapshot of today's research in high-level synthesis. Sir.ce ihe number of groups contributing to the field has become quite large in rec~nt years, covering all the important work is no easy task. Given the limited space available, the editors necessarily had to omit important work. Furthermore, tinle liness is extremely important in a fast-moving field. Thus, deadlines were quite strict and prevented the inclusion of good work which required a little more time to be written up, but we hope and believe this work is representative. Mainstream, general purpose high-level synthesis systems are described in the chapters by Rosenstiel and Kramer (U. Karlsruhe), Ku and De Micheli (Stan ford), Hsu and Lin (Tsin Hua University), Nakamura, Oguri, and Nagoya (NTT), and Wakabayashi (NEC). The chapter by Parker, Kucukcakar, Prakash, and Weng (USC) also describes such a system, but focuses on more specialized tasks such as performance prediction. Paulin's (BNR) and Borriello's (U. Washington) articles also fall in this category, emphasizing their specific techniques, i.e., force directed scheduling and the use of timing constraints. The paper by Thomas and Fuhrman (CMU and GM Research Labs) describes their extensive experiments with with ASIC synthesis using the System Architect's Workbench. Slightly more special- ix x ized systems are IBM's HIS (Camposano, Bergamaschi, Haynes, Payer, Wu) and Princeton's PUBSS (Wolf, Takach, Lee) geared towards control intensive appli cations, in the first case processor-like designs, in the second case collections of small, communicating finite state machines. Birmingham, Gupta, and Siewiorek (U. Michigan and CMU) concentrate exclusively on processor boards to be build from a catalog of existing chip-level components. Digital signal processing ap plications are dealt with in articles by the IMEC group (Lanneer, Note, Depuydt, Pauwels, Catthoor, Goossens, De Man) and by Casavant, Hwang, and McNall. Last but not least, Gajski (UC Irvine) writes about essential issues in high-level synthesis and some solutions stressing practicality. Many of the chapters in this book describe the results of experiments with large, realistic examples, illustrating how much the field has matured in the past few years. In each chapter, the reader will find the description of the work of a group that has contributed in some substantial way to the progress of high-level synthe sis. Chapters (which are arranged in no special order) are broader in scope than a typical conference paper. They emphasize major concepts and strategies. On the other hand, they include reasonably detailed descriptions of important topics, giv ing the reader an appreciation of the depth of the work. The articles focus on the present status of the research, including a system description of the tools that have been developed along with the key technical contributions and results. A novice to the field thus will find a comprehensible introduction to the work being done. The active researcher may use the book as a reference for the state-of-the-art in high-level synthesis. The book should be useful for two audiences: researchers who want to ana lyze, compare, and contrast the latest work in high-level synthesis; and potential users, both design tool developers and designers, who want to evaluate the possi ble usefulness of the research efforts described. Acknowledgements The idea of this book was born at the 27th Design Automation Conference, in June of 1990. Our major goal for this book was a timely presentation of the latest work in the field, which put unusual demands on both the contributors and publisher. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the authors for their formidable effort of preparing the material in such a short time. We also thank Carl Harris for his constant support and the staff at Kluwer for their hard work. Raul Camposano Wayne Wolf Yorktown Heights, New York Princeton, New Jersey
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