High-level Political Appointments in the Philippines: Patronage, Emotion and Democracy

179 Pages·2014·1.1 MB·English

by  Rupert Hodder (auth.)

Rupert Hodder
High-level Political
Appointments in
the Philippines
Patronage, Emotion and Democracy
High-level Political Appointments
in the Philippines

Rupert Hodder

High-level Political
Appointments in the
Philippines
Patronage, Emotion and Democracy
Rupert Hodder
University of Plymouth
Plymouth , UK
ISBN 978-981-4560-04-7 ISBN 978-981-4560-05-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-4560-05-4
Springer Singapore Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013949689
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Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the British Academy for its fi nancial support of this project, and
staff at De La Salle University, Manila, for their help in many ways. My thanks also
to Professor Dato’ Dr. Mohamed Mustafa Ishak, the Vice Chancellor of Universiti
Utara Malaysia, for his kindness to me in Kedah where much of this book was
written.
And, as always, d akong pasalamat sa akong minihal sa kinabuhi si San, sa iyang
pagatiman ug pagpanga !
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Contents
1 Introduction: Patronage and Development ............................................ 1
2 Patronage and Politics .............................................................................. 5
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 5
2.2 Patronage as Reciprocity .................................................................... 6
2.3 Patronage and Democracy .................................................................. 7
2.4 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 11
3 Patronage and Appointments in the Philippines .................................... 13
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 13
3.2 Political Appointments ....................................................................... 16
3.3 Patronage, Emotion, and Democracy ................................................. 23
3.4 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 28
4 Dimensionality ........................................................................................... 29
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 29
4.2 Support, Ability, and Destiny ............................................................. 30
4.3 Layering Relationships. ...................................................................... 39
4.4 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 46
5 Competition .............................................................................................. 49
5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 49
5.2 Endorsements ..................................................................................... 50
5.3 Engineering Support. .......................................................................... 61
5.4 Engineering Resistance ...................................................................... 67
5.5 Questions of Loyalty .......................................................................... 69
5.6 Conclusion. ......................................................................................... 81
6 Re-Casting Patronage: Organizations .................................................... 83
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 83
6.2 The Search Committee ....................................................................... 83
6.3 The Commission on Appointments .................................................... 89
6.4 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 107
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viii Contents
7 Recasting Patronage: Merit ..................................................................... 109
7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 109
7.2 Merit ................................................................................................... 109
7.3 Programmatic Policy .......................................................................... 123
7.4 Wider Organizations ........................................................................... 129
7.5 Informality.......................................................................................... 133
7.6 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 139
8 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 141
8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 141
8.2 The Familiarity of Patronage and Democracy ................................... 142
8.3 Over-Conformity and Circumvention ................................................ 146
8.4 Emotional Bureaucracy ...................................................................... 148
8.5 Puritanism .......................................................................................... 151
Bibliography .................................................................................................... 161
Index ................................................................................................................. 173
Abbreviations
AO Administrative Offi cer
BIR Bureau of Internal Revenue
BoC Bureau of Customs
CA Commission on Appointments
CES Career Executive Service
CESB Career Executive Service Board
CESO Career Executive Service Offi cer
CICT Commission on Information and Communications Technology
CITEG Center for Innovation, Transformation and Excellence in Governance
CoA Commission on Audit
COMELEC Commission on Elections
CSC Civil Service Commission
CSEE Career Service Executive Eligibility
DAP Development Academy of the Philippines
DBM Department of Budget and Management
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DEO District Engineering Offi ce
DFA Department of Foreign Affairs
DFNI Diversify Financial Network Inc.
DILG Department of Interior and Local Government
DoE Department of Education
DoH Department of Health
DOLE Department of Labor and Employment
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
DTI Department of Trade and Industry
EDSA Epifanio de los Santos Avenue [an arterial route in Manila and site of
demonstrations during the People Power Revolution]
ETF Exchange-Traded Fund
GMA Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
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