Hierarchical Macromolecular Structures: 60 Years after the Staudinger Nobel Prize I PDF
Preview Hierarchical Macromolecular Structures: 60 Years after the Staudinger Nobel Prize I
Advances in Polymer Science 261 Virgil Percec Editor Hierarchical Macromolecular Structures: 60 Years after the Staudinger Nobel Prize I 261 Advances in Polymer Science EditorialBoard: A.Abe,Tokyo,Japan A.-C.Albertsson,Stockholm,Sweden G.W.Coates,Ithaca,NY,USA J.Genzer,Raleigh,NC,USA S.Kobayashi,Kyoto,Japan K.-S.Lee,Daejeon,SouthKorea L.Leibler,Paris,France T.E.Long,Blacksburg,VA,USA M.Mo¨ller,Aachen,Germany O.Okay,Istanbul,Turkey B.Z.Tang,HongKong,China E.M.Terentjev,Cambridge,UK M.J.Vicent,Valencia,Spain B.Voit,Dresden,Germany U.Wiesner,Ithaca,NY,USA X.Zhang,Beijing,China Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/12 Aims and Scope TheseriesAdvancesinPolymerSciencepresentscriticalreviewsofthepresentand futuretrendsinpolymerandbiopolymerscience.Itcoversallareasofresearchin polymerandbiopolymerscienceincludingchemistry,physicalchemistry,physics, materialscience. The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry,whowishtokeepabreastoftheimportantadvancesinthecoveredtopics. AdvancesinPolymerScienceenjoysalongstandingtraditionandgoodreputa- tioninitscommunity.Eachvolumeisdedicatedtoacurrenttopic,andeachreview critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume.Thevolumestypicallysummarizethesignificantdevelopmentsofthelast 5to10yearsanddiscussthemcritically,presentingselectedexamples,explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important referencesofprimaryliterature.Onthatbasis,futureresearchdirectionsinthearea canbediscussed.AdvancesinPolymerSciencevolumesthusareimportantrefer- ences for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymerscience-asanintroductiontoaneighboringfield,orasacompilationof detailedinformationforthespecialist. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Singlecontributionscanbespeciallycommissioned. Readership:Polymerscientists,orscientistsinrelatedfieldsinterestedinpoly- merandbiopolymerscience,atuniversitiesorinindustry,graduatestudents. Specialoffer: For all clients with a standing order we offer the electronic form of Advances in PolymerSciencefreeofcharge. Virgil Percec Editor Hierarchical Macromolecular Structures: 60 Years after the Staudinger Nobel Prize I With contributions by (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) A. Abe W. Burchard C.J. Bruns H. Cabral (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) H.-J. Cantow T.R. Cook G. Deussing M.M. Green K. Kataoka (cid:1) J.-M. Lehn (cid:1) R. Mu¨lhaupt (cid:1) Y. Okamoto (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) V. Percec H. Ringsdorf N.C. Seeman H.W. Spiess (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) P.J. Stang J.F. Stoddart U.W. Suter D.A. Tirrell (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) D.A. Tomalia M. Weber G. Wegner M. Wilhelm F. Wudl Editor VirgilPercec DepartmentofChemistry UniversityofPennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA ISSN0065-3195 ISSN1436-5030(electronic) ISBN978-3-319-01136-3 ISBN978-3-319-01137-0(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-01137-0 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013957881 #SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Foreword: Memories of Hermann Staudinger by one of his grandchildren IamdelightedtocontributetothisspecialissueofAdvancesinPolymerSciencea few memories of my grandfather Hermann Staudinger, whom I knew for almost 20yearsuntilhisdeathin1965. Withhisfirstwife,DorotheaStaudinger-Fo¨rster,hehadfourchildren:Eva,born 1907 in Strasbourg; my mother Hilde, born 1910 in Karlsruhe; Hansju¨rgen, born 1914inZu¨rich;andKlara,born1916inZu¨rich.Hisdaughtersandhissonmarried andhadtenchildrenthatIstillregularlysee. Becausemyfather,TheodoreRu¨egg,diedsoonaftermybirthin1946,andsince Iwashisonlychild,mymotherarrangedthatIwouldoftenseeherfatherandher brotherHansju¨rgen,whobecamemygodfather.Ithushadtheuniqueopportunity ofoftenseeingandtalkingtobothofthemandofbeingpartlyeducatedbythem. These get-togethers started right after the end of World War II and took place eitherinZu¨rich,wherewelived,inBasel,orinnearbyFreiburg(Germany).During thattime,mymotheroftentravellednorthloadedwithpreciousfoodsuchasbutter, bread, sugar, meat, and coffee beans, the essential ingredient for preparing the preferredmorningdrinkofmygrandfather.HewouldalsovisitusinZurichseveral timesayear.AsaresultofthehardtimeshehadenduredduringtheNaziregime,he hadagedconsiderablyandlostweight(Fig.1). In the early 1950s, Hermann Staudinger visited his three daughters and their childrenintheZu¨richareaatleasttwiceayear,whichwouldoftenbetheoccasion for a family reunion. On his 70th birthday, most family members travelled to Freiburg, as can be seen in Fig. 2. The get-togethers with him, his second wife Magda, and her parents Irmgard and Oskar Woit took place in their house in Freiburg. These visits impressed and influenced me greatly. My mother and I were picked up at the Freiburg train station by a chauffeur-driven Borgward car, whichbroughtustotheimpressivehouseatLugostrasse14,wheretheStaudingers welcomedus(Fig.3). Mygrandfatheroftentookmeonwalksthroughtheirlargegardensurrounding thehousetoshowmetheuniquecollectionofplantsandflowers.Ihavebeentold that he knew all of the more than 250 plants growing there, as well as their Latin names.Hecheckedthemdailyandtookcareofthemwiththehelpofagardener.He v vi Foreword:MemoriesofHermannStaudingerbyoneofhisgrandchildren Fig.1 HermannStaudingerwithgrandsonUrsinZurichin1948 originallywantedtobecomeabotanist,buthishighschoolteacheradvisedhimto firststudychemistry,thebasisofplantandanimallife,whichwenowcallthe“life sciences.”IrememberthatatEastertime,whenthedaffodilsandtulipssurrounding asmallpondintheupperpartofthegardenwere inbloomandsmellingwonder- fully, we strolled around the garden and I listened to my grandfather’s stories. These were inspired by Nature, most of them dealing with wild animals of the junglesandsavannas:lions,giraffes,elephants,etc.Theytalkedtoeachotherand tothepeoplearoundthem,likeinthestoriesofDoctorDoolittle.Afollow-upcame Foreword:MemoriesofHermannStaudingerbyoneofhisgrandchildren vii Fig.2 FamilyreunioninFreiburgonthe70thbirthdayofHermannStaudingeron23rdMarch 1951. From left to right: Hilde Ru¨egg-Staudinger, Dora Lezzi (at the back), Luzia Kaufmann (infront),HermannStaudinger,UrsRu¨egg(betweenhisknees),PeterKaufmann(attheback), EvaLezzi-Staudinger,Hansju¨rgenStaudinger(attheback),KlaraKaufmann-Staudinger,Gabriele Staudinger-Schwarz,statueofFranzStaudinger(fatherofHermann).Notinthepicture:Magda Staudinger;Max, Ju¨rg andMarkus Lezzi; Monika,Reinhard andPeterStaudinger; Gustav and UlrichKaufmann(CourtesyofMarkusLezzi) inthemornings,whenIwasinvitedtojoinmygrandfatherandMagda:Hethentold mestoriesbyWilhelmHauff,forexampletheoneabout“DwarfNose,”inwhicha communityisdescribedwhoseonlypurposeinlifeistowork,buyandsell,andearn money.Lateron,mygrandfather’sarmsandlegsbecamepartsofanimals,someof them as dangerous as crocodile jaws; there was the frightening roar of lions that mademerunaway.Thebreakfaststhatfollowedcompensatedforallthissuffering. ItwouldstartwithhimrecitingoneofthemanypoemsbyGoethe,Schiller,Rilke, andothersthatheknewbyheart.ThethemeswereagainmostlylinkedtoNature, viii Foreword:MemoriesofHermannStaudingerbyoneofhisgrandchildren Fig.3 MagdaandHermannStaudingerinfrontoftheirhousein1951 for example the Easter poem in Goethe’s “Faust.” The long-awaited fresh bread, sausages,eggs,andcerealsturnedthesemorningsintoaveritablefeast. WeoftenwentonlongwalkstowardsGu¨nterstal,avillageatthefoothillsofthe SouthernpartoftheBlackForest.Aspecialtreatwastoeatasliceofthesimilarly namedcakeonthehilltopofSchauinsland,whichcouldbereachedwithacablecar and which would take us high above the dark fir trees to admire the view. In addition to the cake, I enjoyed the walks through the hills in the company of this expertbotanistandstoryteller.MycousinsLuziaandPeter(cf.Fig.2)occasionally joinedus,andhide-and-seekwasaddedtothetouristicprogram. Foreword:MemoriesofHermannStaudingerbyoneofhisgrandchildren ix Two other attractions were just a few hundred meters south of the Freiburg home,oneformygrandfatherandoneforme.Hewasanenthusiasticsupporterof the “Schreberga¨rten”, land lots where families living in cities and not having a garden could plant vegetables, fruits, and flowers. I assume that he considered it importantforthespirittobeoutdoors,intouchwiththeelementsandwatchingthe plantsgrow.Whenaplanwasdraftedtoconstructhousesonthegroundsofthese Schreberga¨rten,hechairedacommitteedefendingtheirexistence;theynegotiated with local politicians and other groups involved in the project and, finally, their initiativewascrownedwithsuccess. Mypersonalhighlightwasofamoretechnicalnature:itwaspossibletoobserve thepassingtrainsofthe“Ho¨llentalbahn”inalargetrench.Ienjoyedwatchingthe steam engines pullingafewcars behindthem coming outofatunnelandmaking theirwayfromFreiburgtoTitiseeandNeustadtintheBlackForest.Attheageof about 10, I was put on one of these trains and travelled alone through the “Hell Valley” tothetopstation.Asthepersonnelhadbeeninformed thatIwasafanof trains, and since they knew of my grandfather, they invited me to the driver’s platform in the locomotive. I could look into the coal fire, feel the heat and the steam,andassistwiththemaneuversforswitchingtheenginebeforegoingdown- hillagain.Thisinitiationprobablyledtomyintensefascinationwithtrains. Whennotbehavingwellorwhenimportantdecisionsaboutmyfuturehadtobe made, my mother used to consult her brother and my grandfather for advice. Towardstheendofmyhighschooleducation,Iwantedtobecomeaphotographer. However,mygrandfatherhadalongdiscussionwithmeaboutthevaluesofscience and higher education. He told me about his life, how much he enjoyed making discoveries,puttingthemintoquestionandconfirmingorrejectingthembyexperi- ment; he also liked the discussions with his colleagues in the laboratory and the debates with those at other institutions. He was well informed about academic curricula and suggested that I choose one offering a broad perspective of natural science, for example the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, where he had worked – as director of the Institute of Chemistry – some 50 years earlier.Afterseveralweeksofdiscussionswithfriendsandrelatives,Ifollowedhis adviceandhaveneverregrettedit. MuchisknownaboutHermannStaudinger‘ssecondwife,Magda,butlittlehas been written about his first wife, Dorothea, with whom he bore his four children. Dorothea was very impressed by Herman‘s father, Franz, who was a high school teacherandanexpertonthephilosopherKant,andwhohadasocialmind.Dorothea became involved in community-oriented activities in Zurich and was one of the foundersofwhatisnowknownastheCoopSupermarkets,whichwere,atthattime, anon-profitorganizationcateringmostlytounderprivilegedpeople.Shejoinedthe movement ofthe priest and professor at Zurich University,Leonhard Ragaz, who combined socialism and christianism, was fighting for the underprivileged and minorities. In the early 1920s, Dorothea and Hermann more and more grew away fromeachotherastheyfollowedtheirowninterests:Hewasexcitedaboutresearch andscienceandshewasmoreconcernedaboutmattersofthesociety.Asaresult, they split up and were separated in 1925. Like most people who knew Dorothea,
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