Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Volume 1 - Energy Applications Edited by Putla Sudarsanam Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi, Telangana, India Yusuke Yamauchi Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) School of Chemical Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Pankaj Bharali Department of Chemical Sciences Tezpur University Nappam, Assam, India This edition first published 2023 © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/ permissions. 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Description: First edition. | Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken, NJ, USA : Wiley, 2023. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Contents: volume 1. Energy applications – volume 2. Environmental applications. Identifiers: LCCN 2022032470 (print) | LCCN 2022032471 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119771999 (cloth ; volume 1) | ISBN 9781119772026 (cloth ; volume 2) | ISBN 9781119772002 (adobe pdf ; volume 1) | ISBN 9781119772019 (epub ; volume 1) | ISBN 9781119772033 (adobe pdf ; volume 2) | ISBN 9781119772040 (epub ; volume 2) Subjects: LCSH: Catalysts. | Heterogeneous catalysis. | Nanochemistry–Industrial applications. | Green chemistry. | Electric power production from chemical action. | Biomass energy. | Environmental protection. | Pollution prevention. Classification: LCC TP159.C3 H48 2023 (print) | LCC TP159.C3 (ebook) | DDC 660/.2995–dc23/eng/20220720 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022032470 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022032471 Cover Design: Wiley Cover Images: © Intographics/Pixabay, Ractapopulous/Pixabay Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Straive, Pondicherry, India v Contents Preface ix List of Contributors xi 1 Factors Intervening in Oxide and Oxide- Composite Supports on Nanocatalysts in the Energy Conversion 1 Luis Alberto Estudillo- Wong and Nicolas Alonso- Vante Acronyms 1 1.1 Overview in Materials Used as Supports in Electrocatalysis 2 1.2 Chemical Synthesis of Materials 3 1.3 Surface Electrochemistry 25 1.4 Oxide and Oxide‑Carbon PhotoElectrochemistry 38 1.5 Case Studies 41 1.6 Conclusion 47 References 50 2 Nanocatalysis for Renewable Aromatics 61 Saikat Dutta, Navya Subray Bhat, and Harshitha N. Anchan 2.1 Introduction 61 2.2 Selective Preparation of Furfurals from Carbohydrates 65 2.3 Conclusion and Future Prospects 82 References 82 3 Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Solid-B ased Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production 91 Kiran Mustafa, Nadeem Iqbal, Xianfeng Fan, Sarah Farrukh, and Sara Musaddiq 3.1 Introduction 91 3.2 Zeolites‑ Based Nanoparticles 93 3.3 Nanosized Metal Oxide‑ Based Catalysts 93 3.4 Nano‑ Hydrotalcites 96 3.5 Magnetic Nanoparticles‑ Based Catalysts 99 3.6 Carbon‑ Based Nanomaterials 100 3.7 Enzymes‑ Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production 101 3.8 Characterization and Recovery of Nanocatalysts 104 3.9 Conclusion 105 References 105 vi Contents 4 Hybrid Electrocatalysts with Oxide/Oxide and Oxide/Hydroxide Interfaces for Oxygen Electrode Reactions 111 Suranjana Patowary, Bhugendra Chutia, Kumar Kashyap Hazarika, and Pankaj Bharali 4.1 General Introduction 111 4.2 Role of Interfaces in Nano‑ Electrocatalysis 115 4.3 Future Aspects and Concluding Remarks 127 Acknowledgments 127 References 128 5 Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanostructures and Their Application in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 133 Bindu Antil and Sasanka Deka 5.1 Introduction 133 5.2 Graphitic Carbon Nitrides 134 5.3 Various Nanostructures of g‑ C N 135 3 4 5.4 Physical, Chemical, Optical, and Electronic Properties 137 5.5 Limitations in the Structure and the Photocatalytic Activity 138 5.6 Modifications in the Nanostructure Design 138 5.7 Synthetic Strategies 138 5.8 Applications 147 5.9 Conclusion and Outlook 156 References 157 6 2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes) for Applications in Electrocatalysis 165 Devika Laishram, Divya Kumar, Kiran P. Shejale, Bhagirath Saini, Harikrishna, R. Krishnapriya, and Rakesh Kumar Sharma 6.1 Introduction on MXene 165 6.2 Synthetic Strategies 167 6.3 MXene Modifications to Enhance the Electrocatalyst Performance 171 6.4 Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) 180 6.5 Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) 184 6.6 Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (NRR) 186 6.7 CO Reduction Reaction (CRR) 188 2 6.8 Methanol Oxidation Reaction (MOR) 188 6.9 Conclusion 190 References 190 7 Advances and Challenges in Pt- free Pd- based Catalysts for Oxygen E lectro- Reduction in Alkaline Media 199 Lipipuspa Sahoo and Ujjal K. Gautam 7.1 Introduction 199 7.2 ORR Mechanism in Alkaline Medium 201 7.3 Recently Developed Pd‑ Based Catalysts for ORR in Alkaline Media 206 7.4 Conclusions and Perspective 220 References 224 Contents vii 8 Morphology- and Size- Selective Pd- Based Electrocatalyst for Fuel Cell Reactions 233 Rashmi Chetry, Chiranjita Goswami, Biraj Jyoti Borah, and Pankaj Bharali 8.1 General Introduction 233 8.2 Oxygen Reduction Reaction 236 8.3 Oxygen Evolution Reaction 243 8.4 Formic Acid Oxidation Reaction 247 8.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 250 Acknowledgments 251 References 251 9 Nanocatalysis of Prussian Blue Analogues Related to H O Production 2 2 and Utilization 259 Yusuke Yamada and Hiroyasu Tabe 9.1 Introduction 259 9.2 Atomic and Nanoarchitecture Control of PBAs 260 9.3 Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by PBAs 263 9.4 Photocatalytic H O Production 265 2 2 9.5 Electroreduction of H O for Electrical Power Generation 268 2 2 Summary 270 References 271 10 Nanostructured Graphene Oxide- Based Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis 275 Swagotom Sarkar, Nittan Singh, Mala Khan, and Putla Sudarsanam 10.1 Introduction 275 10.2 Synthesis Methods of Various Graphene‑ Based Materials 278 10.3 Activity of Mono‑ and Bimetallic Catalysts Dispersed on GO and rGO Supports 281 10.4 Research Gaps and Conclusions 283 Acknowledgments 284 References 284 11 Catalytic Oxidative Cracking for Light Olefin Production 291 Huda Sharbini Kamaluddin and Katabathini Narasimharao 11.1 Light Olefins 291 11.2 Feedstocks for the Production of Light Olefins 292 11.3 Reaction Mechanisms for Olefin Formation 293 11.4 Different Light Olefins 294 11.5 Processes for Producing Light Olefins 296 11.6 Mechanism for the Catalytic Oxidative Cracking (COC) of Alkanes 304 11.7 Types of Oxidative Cracking of Alkanes 306 11.8 Different Catalytic Systems for the Catalytic Oxidative Cracking (COC) of n‑ Alkanes 309 11.9 Redox Oxidative Cracking (ROC) Catalyst via Chemical Looping 319 viii Contents 11.10 Conclusions 320 Acknowledgments 324 References 324 12 The Magic of Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis in VLPC for Sustainable Organic Synthesis 331 Suresh Iyer, Arumugam Sudalai, and Alwar Ramani 12.1 Introduction 331 12.2 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Theory, Mechanism, and Reactions 332 12.3 Conclusion 350 References 351 13 Metal Nanoparticles- Catalyzed Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia Borane 355 Xiugang Li and Zhang-H ui Lu 13.1 Introduction 355 13.2 Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of AB 356 13.3 Methanolytic Dehydrogenation of AB 364 13.4 The Dehydrogenation Mechanism and Regeneration of AB 369 13.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 372 Acknowledgement 373 References 373 Author Index 387 Subject Index 389