Hermann Schlichting – 100 Years: Scientific Colloquium Celebrating the Anniversary of His Birthday, Braunschweig, Germany 2007

201 Pages·2009·74.58 MB·English

by  D. Hummel (auth.)

102 NotesonNumericalFluidMechanicsandMultidisciplinaryDesign(NNFM)
Editors
W. Schröder/Aachen
K. Fujii/Kanagawa
W. Haase/München
E.H. Hirschel/München
B. van Leer/Ann Arbor
M.A. Leschziner/London
M. Pandolfi/Torino
J. Periaux/Paris
A. Rizzi/Stockholm
B. Roux/Marseille
Y. Shokin/Novosibirsk
Hermann Schlichting –
100 Years
Scientific Colloquium
Celebrating the Anniversary of His Birthday,
Braunschweig, Germany 2007
Rolf Radespiel
Cord-Christian Rossow
Benjamin Winfried Brinkmann
(Editors)
ABC
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Prof.Dr.-Ing.RolfRadespiel Dipl.-Ing.BenjaminWinfriedBrinkmann
InstitutfürStrömungsmechanik InstitutfürStrömungsmechanik
TechnischeUniversitätBraunschweig TechnischeUniversitätBraunschweig
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38106Braunschweig 38106Braunschweig
Germany Germany
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Prof.Dr.-Ing.habil.Cord-ChristianRossow tu-braunschweig.de
Institutfür
AerodynamikundStrömungstechnik
Deutsches Zentrum für
Luft-undRaumfahrt
Lilienthalplatz7
38108Braunschweig
Germany
ISBN 978-3-540-95997-7 e-ISBN 978-3-540-95998-4
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-95998-4
Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics
and Multidisciplinary Design ISSN 1612-2909
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NNFM Editor Addresses
Prof.Dr.WolfgangSchröder Prof.Dr.MaurizioPandolfi
(GeneralEditor) PolitecnicodiTorino
RWTHAachen DipartimentodiIngegneria
LehrstuhlfürStrömungslehreund AeronauticaeSpaziale
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Japan DepartmentofAeronautics
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SiberianBranchofthe
Prof.Dr.BramvanLeer RussianAcademyofSciences
DepartmentofAerospaceEngineering InstituteofComputational
TheUniversityofMichigan Technologies
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ImperialCollegeofScience
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Preface

Hermann Schlichting is one of the internationally leading scientists in the field of
fluid mechanics during the 20th century. He contributed largely to modern theories of
viscous flows and aircraft aerodynamics. His famous monographies Boundary Layer
Theory and Aerodynamics of Aircraft are known worldwide and they appeared in six
languages. He held Chairs of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics at Technische Uni-
versität Braunschweig during 37 years and directed the Institute of Aerodynamics of
the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luftfahrt in Braunschweig. He also directed the
Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt Göttingen and served in the Executive Board of the
German Aerospace Center (DFVLR). Hermann Schlichting played a leading role in
the rebuilding of aerospace research in Germany after the Second World War.
The occasion of his 100th birthday in the year 2007 was an excellent opportunity to
acknowledge important ideas and accomplishments that Hermann Schlichting con-
tributed to science. The editors of this volume are the present successors of Hermann
Schlichting in his role as director of the two research institutes in Braunschweig. We
were glad to host a scientific colloquium in his honor on 28 September 2007. Invited
former scholars of Hermann Schlichting reviewed his work in boundary layer theory
and in aircraft aerodynamics followed by presentations of important research results
of his institutes today.
This volume contains the manuscripts of the presentations given during the collo-
quium. The order of contributions in this book corresponds to that of the sessions of
the colloquium. The reviews of Hermann Schlichting’s original research are followed
by presentations of selected current research works. These contributions cover the
areas of numerical and experimental flow analysis methods and flow research in
wings, turbomachinery and high-lift systems. We hope that these contributions pro-
vide valuable insight how the work of Hermann Schlichting is carried on today.
We express our thanks to the colleagues providing the manuscripts and to
B.W. Brinkmann for his careful revision of the book. We are grateful to
Prof. Dr. W. Schröder as the General Editor of the “Notes on Numerical Fluid Mech-
nanics and Multidisciplinary Design” and to the Springer-Verlag for the opportunity
to publish this volume.
We wish that the reader of this book enjoys inspiring views of our predecessor
Hermann Schlichting and takes advantage of the presentations of current research in
aerodynamics.

Braunschweig R. Radespiel
October 2008 C.-C. Rossow
Table of Contents
Biography of Professor Hermann Schlichting
D. Hummel ...................................................... 1
Hermann Schlichting and the Boundary-Layer Theory
K. Gersten....................................................... 3
Hermann Schlichting’s Work and Wake in
Airplane-Aerodynamics
H. Ko¨rner ....................................................... 18
Numerical Simulation – Complementing Theory and
Experiment as the Third Pillar in Aerodynamics
C.-C. Rossow and N. Kroll......................................... 39
Modern Wind Tunnel Techniques for Unsteady Testing –
Development of Dynamic Test Rigs
A. Bergmann..................................................... 59
Principle and Perspective of Optical Multipoint Methods for
Aerodynamic Investigations
C.J. Ka¨hler ...................................................... 78
The Second International Vortex Flow Experiment (VFE-2)
D. Hummel ...................................................... 105
Aerodynamic Wing Design for Transport Aircraft – Today
K.H. Horstmann and T. Streit...................................... 130
Passive and Active Methods to Enhance Axial-Flow
Compressor Aerodynamics
U. Stark and H. Saathoff........................................... 145
Flow Analysis of Augmented High-Lift Systems
R. Radespiel, K.-C. Pfingsten, and C. Jensch......................... 168
Dankesrede der Familie Schlichting zum Abschluss des
wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums am 28. Sept. 2007 aus Anlass
des 100. Geburtstages von Prof. Dr. Hermann Schlichting in
der Aula der TU Braunschweig
R. Schlichting .................................................... 190
X Table of Contents
Vote of Thanks by the Family Schlichting, Terminating
the Scientific Colloquium on September 28, 2007 at the
Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the Birthday of Prof.
Dr. Hermann Schlichting
R. Schlichting and Transcript by D. Hummel ......................... 191
Author Index................................................... 193
Biography of Professor Hermann Schlichting
D. Hummel
TU Braunschweig, Institut für Strömungsmechanik,
Bienroder Weg 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
[email protected]

Hermann Schlichting was born on September 22, 1907 in Balje (District Stade, North-
ern Lower Saxony, Germany). After his years at High School, he studied from 1926
to 1930 Mathematics, Physics and Applied Mechanics at the Universities of Jena,
Wien and Göttingen. In 1930 he wrote his thesis “Über das ebene Windschattenprob-
lem” and he got his PhD under Prof. Ludwig Prandtl at the University Göttingen, and
in the same year he passed the government examination for teachers in Mathematics
and Physics.
In 1931 Dr. Hermann Schlichting joined the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für
Strömungsforschung in Göttingen and worked under Prof. Ludwig Prandtl mainly on
viscous flows and boundary layer theory. In 1935 he entered the Dornier Aircraft
Company in Friedrichshafen, and the main topic of his work became now the
R. Radespiel et al. (Eds.): Hermann Sc hlichting – 100 Years, NNFM 102, pp. 1–2.
springerlink.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009
2 D. Hummel
aerodynamics of airplanes. He planned the Dornier Low Speed Wind Tunnel, which
came into operation after a short construction period.
At the age of 30 years, Dr. Hermann Schlichting received 1937 the call of Tech-
nische Hochschule Braunschweig to become full professor for Flight Mechanics and
director of the Institute of Aerodynamics. At that time a new Centre for Education in
Aeronautics “Luftfahrtlehrzentrum” was under construction at the airport Braun-
schweig-Waggum, and the 1.2 m Low Speed Wind Tunnel of the Institute of Aerody-
namics has been built under its new director. During the Second World War Prof.
Schlichting worked on basic problems in airplane aerodynamics such as wing-
fuselage interference including swept wings, and he continued his former activities in
viscous flows and boundary layer theory.
After the destructions due to the Second World War Prof. Schlichting’s university
institute was renamed 1945 as Institute of Fluid Mechanics. Since research and educa-
tion in aerodynamics of airplanes was forbidden, Prof. Schlichting worked in new
fields such as aerodynamics of road vehicles and in turbomachinery, but after some
time he was also back in airplane aerodynamics. In 1951 the first edition of his book
“Grenzschicht-Theorie” appeared in Germany.
In 1953 the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luftfahrt (DFL) was reorganized at the
airport Braunschweig-Waggum, and in addition to his duties at the TH Braunschweig
Prof. Schlichting became the director of the DFL-Institute of Aerodynamics, nowa-
days DLR-Institut für Aerodynamik und Strömungstechnik. In 1956 he didn’t follow
a call by the TH Munich, but in 1957 he accepted a third duty as director of the Aero-
dynamische Versuchsanstalt (AVA) in Göttingen.
Prof. Schlichting was an excellent academic lecturer. His famous books “Gren-
zschicht-Theorie” (Boundary Layer Theory) and “Aerodynamik des Flugzeuges”
(Aerodynamics of the Airplane, together with E. Truckenbrodt) appeared in 11 Edi-
tions and were translated into 5 foreign languages. These two books enabled a huge
number of students and scientists worldwide to get insight in modern fluid mechanics.
Prof. Schlichting guided more than 100 candidates for a doctor’s degree (Dr.-Ing.)
and 10 academic lecturers (venia legendi) during the preparation of their theses. Apart
from the already mentioned books his own scientific work is documented in more
than 100 distinguished publications. (Details may be taken from Hummel, D.: Das
wissenschaftliche Lebenswerk von Hermann Schlichting. Z. Flugwiss. Weltraumfor-
schung 8, 1984, 1–17).
Prof. Schlichting received a large number of awards, and he was honoured by vari-
ous international institutions to deliver memorial lectures, and he used them to dis-
seminate scientific results produced in his institutes. He retired from all his duties in
1975, but his lectures at the university finally ended 1978. He continued to work on
the last Edition of his book “Boundary Layer Theory”.
He died on 15 June 1982 in Göttingen.
Hermann Schlichting and the Boundary-Layer Theory
K. Gersten
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Institut für Thermo-und Fluiddynamik
D-44780 Bochum, Germany
Summary
After a short summary of the main features of boundary-layer theory Hermann
Schlichting’s contributions to boundary-layer theory are described. They refer to
almost all areas of boundary-layer theory. Particularly, the following topics are worth
mentioning: laminar-turbulent transition, boundary layers with continuous suction or
blowing, boundary layers in cascade flows of turbomachines, boundary layers on
rough surfaces, laminar airfoils, heat transfer, automobile aerodynamics. A detailed
discussion is devoted to Tollmien-Schlichting waves, to the conception of “equivalent
roughness” and to the classic and well-known book “Boundary-Layer Theory”, which
are and will always be connected with the name of Hermann Schlichting.
1 Boundary-Layer Theory
The boundary-layer theory has been developed by Ludwig Prandtl, who presented the
basic conception of this theory for the first time in the year 1904 at the International
Mathematical Congress in Heidelberg, [1]. Hence, this theory is in the meantime more
than hundred years old. Nevertheless, it is still of great up-to-date interest, [2].
The flow past bodies is governed by the no-slip condition at the body surface, i.e.
the fluid “sticks” to the body surface due to intermolecular forces.
Figure 1 shows the flow past a symmetric airfoil at zero incidence in a water chan-
nel. Aluminium particles have been sprinkled on the surface of the water to make the
streamlines visible. The length of each particle streak is proportional to the flow ve-
locity. It can be seen, that in the vicinity of the wall there is a thin layer of retarded
flow called boundary layer.
The thickness of this boundary layer depends on the following parameters: free
stream velocity V, body length L, density ρ and viscosity μ of the fluid. The viscosity
is a physical property of the fluid describing the friction (tangential) forces in the fluid
flow. The English physicist Osborn Reynolds, [3], found out that the flow is not af-
fected by these four parameters independently, but rather only by a combination of
them which is dimensionless and called Reynolds number
ρV L V L
Re = = , (1)
μ ν
where ν=μ /ρ is the kinematic viscosity. The Reynolds number is the most impor-
tant dimensionless parameter to characterize the viscosity effects in fluid flows. The

R. Radespiel et al. (Eds.): Hermann Schlichting – 100 Years, NNFM 102, pp. 3–17.
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