Heredity and Infection: The History of Disease Transmission PDF
Preview Heredity and Infection: The History of Disease Transmission
Heredity and Infection Studies in the History of Science, Technology and Medicine Edited by John Krige, CRHST, Paris, France Studies in the History of Science, Technology and Medicine aims to stimulate research in the field, concentrating on the twentieth century. It seeks to contribute to our understanding of science, technology and medicine as they are embedded in society, exploring the links between the subjects on the one hand and the cultural, economic, political and institutional contexts of their genesis and development on the other. Within this framework, and while not favouring any particular methodological approach, the series welcomes studies which examine relations between science, technology, medicine and society in new ways e.g. the social construction of technologies, large technical systems. Other Titles in the Series Volume 1 Technological Change: Methods and Themes in the History of Technology Edited by Robert Fox Volume 2 Technology Transfer out of Germany after 1945 Edited by Matthias Judt and Burghard Ciesla Volume 3 Entomology, Ecology and Agriculture: The Making of Scientific Careers in North America, 1885–1985 Paolo Palladino Volume 4 The Historiography of Contemporary Science and Technology Edited by Thomas So[..]derqvist Volume 5 Science and Spectacle: The Work of Jodrell Bank in Post-war British Culture Jon Agar Volume 6 Modularizing Biology and Medicine: New Practices and Alliances, 1910s-1970s Edited by Soraya de Chadarevian and Harmke Kamminga Volume 7 Cold War, Hot Science: Applied Research in Britain's Defence Laboratories 1945–1990 Edited by Robert Bud and Philip Gummett Volume 8 Planning Armageddon: Britain, the United States and the Command of Western Nuclear Forces 1945–1964 Stephen Twigge and hen Scott Volume 9 Cultures of Control Edited by Miriam R. Levin Volume 10 Lloyd V. Berkner and the Balance of Professional Ideals Alan A. Needell Volume 11 Reconsidering Sputnik: Forty Years Since the Soviet Satellite Edited by Roger D. Launius Volume 12 Crossing Boundaries, Building Bridges: Comparing the History of Women Engineers 1870s–1990s Edited by Annie Canel, Ruth Oldenziel and Karin Zachmann Volume 13 Changing Images in Mathematics: From the French Revolution to the New Millennium Edited by Umberto Bottazzini and Amy Dahan Dalmedico Volume 14 Heredity and Infection: The History of Disease Transmission Edited by Jean-Paul Gaudilliere and Ilana Löwy Heredity and Infection The History of Disease Transmission Edited by Jean-Paul Gaudillière CERMES, Paris, France and Ilana Löwy Routledge Taylor &. Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2001 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon 0X14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York NY 10017 Transferred to Digital Printing 2003 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 2001 Selection and editorial matter, Jean-Paul Gaudilliere and liana Lowry; individual chapters, the individual contributors Typeset by Expo Holdings, Malaysia Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJI Digital, Padstow, Cornwall All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 0–415–27120–7 CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables vii List of Contributors ix Introduction Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of Diseases: The Impossible Separation Jean-Paul Gaudillière and liana Löwy 1 Part 1 Tuberculosis 19 1 Medicine and the Making of Bodily Inequality in Twentieth-Century Europe 21 J. Andrew Mendelsohn 2 From Heredity to Infection? Tuberculosis, 1870–1890 81 Michael Worboys 3 Purity and Danger in Colour: Notes on, Germ Theory and the Semantics of Segregation, 1895–1915 101 JoAnne Brown Part 2 Etiology and Experimental Practices 133 4 Standardizing Epidemics: Infection, Inheritance and Environment in Prewar Experimental Epidemiology 135 Olga Amsterdamska 5 Making Heredity in Mice and Men: The Production and Uses of Animal Models in Postwar Human Genetics 181 Jean-Paul Gaudillière 6 Experimental Platforms and Technologies of Visualisation: Cancer as Viral Epidemic, 1930–1960 203 Angela N.H. Creager and Jean-Paul Gaudilliere HEREDITY AND INFECTION CONTENTS Part 3 Heredity, Medicine and Health Policies 243 7 Degeneration Theory and Heredity Patterns between 1850 and 1900 Patrice Pinell 245 8 Hereditary Diseases and Environmental Factors in the 'Mixed Economy' of Public Health: Rene Sand and the French Social Medicine, 1920–1934 261 Patrick Zylberman Part 4 Transmission and Medical Practices 283 9 From Family Pedigrees to Molecular Markers: On Cancer and Heredity at St Mark's Hospital, 1924–1995 285 Paolo Palladino 10 Vertical Ancestries and Horizontal Risks: Hepatitis B and AIDS 311 Jennifer Stanton and Virginia Berridge 11 Predispositions, Cofactors and Images of AIDS 327 Ilana Löwy Conclusion 355 Jean-Pierre Revillard Index 363 vi HEREDITY AND INFECTION LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1 Models of epidemics 162 Figure 6.1 Histological section of rabbit papillomas by Rous and Beard 211 Figure 6.2 (a) Wyckoff's air driven centrifuge and (b) Sedimentation diagram of a protein solution 221 Figure 6.3 Representation of amounts of papilloma virus by Beard 223 Figure 6.4 Foci of Rous sarcoma virus infected cells by Rubin and Temin 227 Figure 8.1 René Sand's identity card whilst serving in the Belgian army 264 Figure 8.2 René Sand at a 1951 WHO meeting Figure 10.1 Horizontal Spread of Hepatitis B in ITO medical press 316 LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1 Mouse mutants described after 1945 191 Table 5.2 Themes of the articles based on the use of Jax Dystrophic mice (1957-1964) 194 HEREDITY AND INFECTION vii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Olga Amsterdamska is a senior lecturer at the Department of Science and Technology Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Virginia Berridge is a professor of history at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK JoAnne Brown is an historian with the university administration at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA Angela N.H. Creager is an assistant professor at the Department of History, Princetown University, USA Jean-Paul Gaudillière is an historian of biology and medicine at INSERM, Paris, France Ilana Löwy is an historian of biology and medicine at INSERM, Paris, France Andrew Mendelsohn is a research scholar at the Max Planek Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany Paolo Palladino is a lecturer in the history of science and medicine at the University of Lancaster, UK Patrice Pinell is a senior researcher at INSERM, Paris, France Jean-Pierre Revillard is a professor of immunopharmacology at INSERM, Paris, France Jennifer Stanton is a researcher at the Health Policy Unit at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK Michael Worboys is a professor of medical history at the Department of History, Sheffield Hallam University, UK Patrick Zylberman is a researcher at CERMES, Paris, France HEREDITY AND INFECTION ix
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